Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)Экология человека1728-08692949-1444Eco-Vector10015610.17816/humeco100156ArticlesСтатьиReview ArticleNanoparticles and nanomaterials as inevitable modern toxic agents. Review. Part 2. Main areas of research on toxicity and techniques to measure a content of nanoparticles in tissuesНаночастицы и наноматериалы — неизбежные современные токсичные агенты. Обзор. Часть 2. Основные направления исследований токсичности и методы измерения содержания наночастиц в биологической тканиhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0331-62335555-1343IvlievaAlexandra L.ИвлиеваАлександра Леонидовна
Russian Federation

researcher

младший научный сотрудник

ivlieva@medphyslab.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0820-887X6814-1720ZinicovscaiaIngaЗиньковскаяИнга
Russian Federation

Dr. Sci. (Chem.)

д.х.н.

zinikovskaia@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3836-01032641-3111PetriskayaElena N.ПетрицкаяЕлена Николаевна
Russian Federation

Cand. Sci. (Biol.)

к.б.н.

medphys@monikiweb.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7755-308X9130-8111RogatkinDmitry A.РогаткинДмитрий Алексеевич
Russian Federation

Dr. Sci. (Technic), Associate Professor

д.т.н., доцент

d.rogatkin@monikiweb.ruhttp://www.medphyslab.ruMoscow regional research and clinical institute named after M.F. VladimirskyМосковский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф. ВладимирскогоJoint institute for nuclear researchОбъединённый институт ядерных исследований10062022010720222931471620302202224022022Copyright ©; 2022, Ivlieva A.L., Zinicovscaia I., Petriskaya E.N., Rogatkin D.A.Copyright ©; 2022, Ивлиева А.Л., Зиньковская И., Петрицкая Е.Н., Рогаткин Д.А.2022Ivlieva A.L., Zinicovscaia I., Petriskaya E.N., Rogatkin D.A.Ивлиева А.Л., Зиньковская И., Петрицкая Е.Н., Рогаткин Д.А.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/100156

The second part of the review considers the following three main areas of research on the toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs): environmental toxicity, molecular mechanisms of toxicity, and reproductive toxicity. The studies carried out on aquatic and soil model organisms are described, with consideration of the effects of NPs in concentrations close to natural in water with different salinity, as well as in comparison with the effects of ions. The articles devoted to various aspects of NP-induced oxidative stress are listed, the estimations of genotoxicity and mutagenicity of NPs using different standard methods are described, and the currently known data on the formation of protein crowns around NPs are considered. Questions are stated about the dose-dependence of effects and the influence of the applied stabilizing coating. The influence of NPs on the prenatal and postnatal development of various model vertebrate species is considered, which includes morphological disturbances, changes in gene expression and in the behavior of grown animals, as well as the influence on the reproductive system in adult females and males. The main methods for the quantitative measurements of the content of NPs in biological samples are also considered as the necessary stage of research on the toxicity of NPs for humans and animals.

Во второй части обзора рассматриваются три основных направления исследований токсичности наночастиц (НЧ): токсичность НЧ, содержащихся в окружающей среде; молекулярные механизмы токсичности; репродуктивная токсичность. Описаны исследования, проведённые на водных и почвенных модельных организмах, с рассмотрением эффектов НЧ в близких к природным концентрациях и в водах с разной солёностью, а также в сравнении с влиянием ионов. Перечислены работы, посвящённые различным аспектам вызываемого НЧ окислительного стресса, приведена оценка генотоксичности и мутагенности НЧ разными стандартными методами, рассмотрены известные на сегодняшний день сведения об образовании белковых корон вокруг НЧ. Подняты вопросы о дозозависимости эффектов и о влиянии применённого стабилизирующего покрытия. Рассмотрено влияние НЧ на пренатальное и постнатальное развитие различных модельных видов позвоночных, включая морфологические нарушения, изменения экспрессии генов и поведение выросших особей, а также на репродуктивную систему у взрослых самок и самцов. Рассмотрены также основные методы количественного определения содержания НЧ в биологических образцах как неотъемлемый этап исследований по токсичности НЧ для человека и животных.

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