Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)Экология человека1728-08692949-1444Eco-Vector10016310.17816/humeco100163REVIEWSОБЗОРЫReview ArticleNanoparticles and nanomaterials as inevitable modern toxic agents. Review. Part 3. Influence of nanoparticles on brain and behavior. Conclusions and unsolved problemsНаночастицы и наноматериалы — неизбежные современные токсичные агенты. Обзор. Часть 3. Влияние наночастиц на мозг и поведение. Выводы и нерешённые проблемы5555-1343IvlievaAleksandra L.ИвлиеваАлександра Леонидовна
Russian Federation

researcher (Biology)

младший научный сотрудник

ivlieva@medphyslab.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0820-887X6814-1720ZinicovscaiaIngaЗиньковскаяИнга
Russian Federation

Dr. Sci. (Chem.)

д.х.н.

zinikovskaia@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3836-01032641-3111PetritskayaElena N.ПетрицкаяЕлена Николаевна
Russian Federation

Cand. Sci. (Biol.)

к.б.н.

medphys@monikiweb.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7755-308X9130-8111RogatkinDmitry A.РогаткинДмитрий Алексеевич
Russian Federation

Dr. Sci. (Techn.), associate professor

д.техн.н., доцент

d.rogatkin@monikiweb.ruhttp://www.medphyslab.ruMoscow regional research and clinical institute named after M.F. VladimirskyМосковский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф. ВладимирскогоJoint Institute for nuclear researchОбъединённый институт ядерных исследований27062022270720222942232400302202224022022Copyright ©; 2022, Ivlieva A.L., Zinicovscaia I., Petritskaya E.N., Rogatkin D.A.Copyright ©; 2022, Ивлиева А.Л., Зиньковская И., Петрицкая Е.Н., Рогаткин Д.А.2022Ivlieva A.L., Zinicovscaia I., Petritskaya E.N., Rogatkin D.A.Ивлиева А.Л., Зиньковская И., Петрицкая Е.Н., Рогаткин Д.А.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/100163

The final part of the review focuses on the existing methods and results of studying the effects of nanoparticles (NPs) on the brain and behavior. The types of behavioral tests used to assess changes in the behavior of NP-treated animals are described. The data accumulated in the literature on the negative influence of NPs on animal brains exposed to NPs in adulthood are considered. The signs of different cellular and tissue damage are presented, such as development of oxidative stress in the brain, inflammation and swelling, disturbances in the structure of cells, and an increase in the permeability of the blood–brain barrier. Disturbances in spatial memory, working, and long-term reference memory, decreased propensity for social interactions, inhibition of exploratory behavior, depression and anxiety, and impaired motor coordination, were found after various types and duration of contact of animals with NPs. The accumulated information about the negative consequences of prenatal and early postnatal, during lactation, for example, contact with NPs for mature offspring, is also described. Various cellular and tissue damage is found in the brain of young animals, such as the inhibition of cell proliferation, an increase in the number of cells undergoing apoptosis, edema and vascular degeneration, a decrease in the expression of genes associated with neurogenesis, and numerous signs of the development of oxidative stress. Behavioral disturbances in adult animals that had contact with NPs in early ontogenesis are considered, such as manifestations of depressive behavior or increased anxiety and suppression of spatial and short-term memory. Contradictory results of studies about contact with NPs in both adulthood and early ontogenesis are also presented. In conclusion, unresolved issues are highlighted, and general conclusions on the review are given.

В заключительной части обзора рассматриваются существующие методики и результаты исследования влияния наночастиц (НЧ) на мозг и поведение. Описаны типы поведенческих тестов, применяемых для оценки изменений в поведении получавших НЧ животных. Рассмотрены накопленные в литературе данные о негативном влиянии НЧ на мозг животных, контактировавших с НЧ во взрослом возрасте. Приведены описанные в работах признаки развития в мозге окислительного стресса, воспаления и отёчности, нарушения структуры клеток и возрастания проницаемости гематоэнцефалического барьера. Охарактеризованы обнаруженные при различных способах и длительности контакта животных с НЧ нарушения пространственной памяти, рабочей и долговременной референтной памяти, снижение склонности к социальным взаимодействиям, угнетение исследовательского поведения, проявления депрессии и тревожности, нарушения двигательной координации. Также описаны накопленные сведения о негативных последствиях пренатального и раннего постнатального (например, во время лактации) контакта с НЧ для повзрослевшего потомства. В мозге молодых животных обнаружены угнетение пролиферации клеток, увеличение количества претерпевающих апоптоз клеток, отёки и дегенерация сосудов, снижение экспрессии генов, связанных с нейрогенезом, и многочисленные признаки развития окислительного стресса. Рассмотрены нарушения поведения у взрослых животных после контакта с НЧ в раннем онтогенезе, такие как проявления депрессивного поведения или повышенная тревожность, угнетение пространственной и кратковременной памяти. Приведены также противоречивые результаты исследований после контакта с НЧ как во взрослом возрасте, так и в раннем онтогенезе. В заключении освещены нерешённые вопросы и даны общие выводы по обзору.

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