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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экология человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-0869</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1444</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">100841</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/humeco100841</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Age-related changes in the glucose level, its metabolites, and aminotransferases activity in women and men of mature and elderly age</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Возрастные изменения концентрации глюкозы, её метаболитов и активности аминотрансфераз у женщин и мужчин зрелого и пожилого возраста</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0727-3071</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3562-3921</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bichkaeva</surname><given-names>Fatima A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бичкаева</surname><given-names>Фатима Артемовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biol.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н.</p></bio><email>fatima@fciarctic.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6956-6905</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3457-9822</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vlasova</surname><given-names>Olga S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Власова</surname><given-names>Ольга Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н.</p></bio><email>olgawlassova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3776-1474</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2259-0799</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shengof</surname><given-names>Boris A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шенгоф</surname><given-names>Борис Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>b-shengof@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6307-9399</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7674-2520</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bichkaev</surname><given-names>Artem A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бичкаев</surname><given-names>Артем Альбертович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>baa29my15@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8467-2514</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7445-8730</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nesterova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нестерова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Васильевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ekaterina29reg@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1958-028X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7571-6607</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkova</surname><given-names>Natal'ya I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волкова</surname><given-names>Наталья Ивановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н.</p></bio><email>natalja200958@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N. Laverov Federal center for integrated Arctic research</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр комплексного изучения Арктики имени академика Н.П. Лаверова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2022-06-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-07-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>187</fpage><lpage>197</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-02-16"><day>16</day><month>02</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-06-10"><day>10</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Bichkaeva F.A., Vlasova O.S., Shengof B.A., Bichkaev A.A., Nesterova E.V., Volkova N.I.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Бичкаева Ф.А., Власова О.С., Шенгоф Б.А., Бичкаев А.А., Нестерова Е.В., Волкова Н.И.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bichkaeva F.A., Vlasova O.S., Shengof B.A., Bichkaev A.A., Nesterova E.V., Volkova N.I.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бичкаева Ф.А., Власова О.С., Шенгоф Б.А., Бичкаев А.А., Нестерова Е.В., Волкова Н.И.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/100841">https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/100841</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>BACKGROUND</italic></bold><italic>:</italic> Adaptation to living conditions in the North in humans is determined by the person’s energy status — in particular glucose homeostasis, and the activity of several enzymes — aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT).</p> <p><bold><italic>AIM</italic></bold><italic>:</italic> To conduct a comparative analysis of the levels of glucose, lactate, pyruvate, the activity of AST, ALT, and the ratio of different age groups in men and women residing in the subarctic region of the Arkhangelsk Region.</p> <p><bold><italic>MATERIAL AND METHODS</italic></bold><italic>: </italic>This article is an observational cross-sectional uncontrolled study that accounts for the differences in the content of carbohydrate metabolism parameters and transferase activity between groups of women and men of different age periods. 437 women and 194 men aged 21–74 years, born and permanent residents of the Arkhangelsk region, were examined. The glucose content of the blood serum was determined by the enzymatic method, the lactate level was measured by the Trinder Reaction, the pyruvate level — by the Umbright Method, the activity of AST and ALT — by the unified kinetic method, and the values of the AST/ALT ratio (De Ritis ratio) were obtained. The study participants were divided into 4 age groups: women 21–35, 36–45, 46–55, 56–74 years, and men 22–35, 36–45, 46–60, and 61–74 years.</p> <p><bold><italic>RESULTS</italic></bold><italic>:</italic> Non-parametric comparison showed an age-related increase in blood glucose in women aged 46–55 years accompanied by an increase in the activity of AST and ALT, while in men aged 61–74 years, there was a decrease in ALT. This indicates the presence of different mechanisms that accounts for its increase; an increase in the number of people with a critical glucose level (prediabetes — 5.6–6.1 mmol/l and above is normal) in older age groups can serve as a confirmation of the onset of hyperglycemia and could be the cause and/or consequence of the insulin resistance. An individual analysis of the De Ritis ratio showed individuals with different metabolic flows in glucose homeostasis in all gender and age groups. With age in 57.5; 66.7; 59.5 and 52.4% of women and in 72.6; 63.2; 74.1 and 28.6% of men, there were predominated anabolic processes, which, with an increase in glucose, increased the risk of insulin resistance.</p> <p><bold><italic>CONCLUSIONS</italic></bold><italic>:</italic> The observed features of the state of carbohydrate metabolism and aminotransferases in men and women, taking into account their ages, can contribute to diagnostic and preventive measures aimed at preserving the health of the people living in the Arctic.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение</bold>. Адаптация человека к условиям проживания в условиях Севера определяется его энергетическим статусом, в частности гомеостазом глюкозы, и активностью ряда ферментов — аспартатаминотрансферазы (АСТ) и аланинаминотрансферазы (АЛТ).</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold>. Провести сравнительный анализ содержания глюкозы, лактата, пирувата, а также активности АСТ, АЛТ и величин их соотношения в разных возрастных группах мужчин и женщин — жителей приарктического региона, родившихся и постоянно проживающих в Архангельской области.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы</bold>. В обсервационном поперечном неконтролируемом исследовании изучены различия в содержании параметров углеводного обмена и активности трансфераз между группами женщин и мужчин разных возрастов. Обследовано 437 женщин и 194 мужчины в возрасте от 21 до 74 лет. В сыворотке крови ферментативным методом определены содержание глюкозы, по реакции Триндера — концентрация лактата, методом Умбрайта — концентрация пирувата, унифицированным кинетическим методом — активность АСТ, АЛТ, рассчитан коэффициент де Ритиса (соотношение активности АСТ/АЛТ). Участников исследования разделили на группы по полу и возрасту: женщины 21–35, 36–45, 46–55, 56–74 лет; мужчины 22–35, 36–45, 46–60, 61–74 лет.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. Непараметрическое сравнение показало возрастное повышение содержания глюкозы в крови у женщин 46–55 лет при увеличении активности АСТ, АЛТ, у мужчин 61–74 лет при снижении активности АЛТ, что говорит о разных механизмах её повышения. Увеличение числа лиц с повышенной концентрацией глюкозы в крови натощак (преддиабетический уровень — 5,6–6,1 ммоль/л и выше нормы) в старших возрастных группах может служить подтверждением развития гипергликемии и быть причиной и/или следствием формирования инсулинорезистентности. Индивидуальный анализ величин коэффициента де Ритиса выявил во всех гендерных возрастных группах лиц с разными метаболическими потоками в гомеостазе глюкозы. С возрастом у 57,5; 66,7; 59,5 и 52,4% женщин, у 72,6; 63,2; 74,1 и 28,6% мужчин преобладали анаболические процессы, что при повышении концентрации глюкозы увеличивает риск развития инсулинорезистентности.</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold>. Полученные данные об особенностях состояния углеводного обмена и аминотрансфераз у мужчин и женщин с учетом возраста могут использоваться для диагностических и превентивных мероприятий по сохранению здоровья жителей приарктического региона.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>age</kwd><kwd>sex</kwd><kwd>glucose</kwd><kwd>lactate</kwd><kwd>pyruvate</kwd><kwd>aspartate aminotransferase</kwd><kwd>alanine aminotransferase</kwd><kwd>subarctic region</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>возраст</kwd><kwd>пол</kwd><kwd>глюкоза</kwd><kwd>лактат</kwd><kwd>пируват</kwd><kwd>аспартатаминотрансфераза</kwd><kwd>аланинаминотрансфераза</kwd><kwd>приарктический регион</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУН Федеральный исследовательский центр комплексного изучения Арктики имени академика Н.П. Лаверова УрО РАН</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">N. 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