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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экология человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-0869</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1444</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">109943</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/humeco109943</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDY ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Particulate matter in the ambient air as a risk factor of bronchial asthma in adults</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Мелкодисперсные взвешенные вещества в атмосферном воздухе как фактор риска бронхиальной астмы у взрослых</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9506-563X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">6603587324</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">C-4294-2016</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9605-8332</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fatkhutdinova</surname><given-names>Liliya M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фатхутдинова</surname><given-names>Лилия Минвагизовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>liliya.fatkhutdinova@gmail.com</email><uri>https://kazangmu.ru/department-of-hygiene/sotrudniki-kafedry</uri><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2479-2474</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57204550368</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2402-8878</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Timerbulatova</surname><given-names>Guzel A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимербулатова</surname><given-names>Гюзель Абдулхалимовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ragura@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3348-7292</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">6603766709</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6648-2665</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaripov</surname><given-names>Shamil K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зарипов</surname><given-names>Шамиль Хузеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>shamil.zaripov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-8807</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5386-9113</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yapparova</surname><given-names>Lyalya I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яппарова</surname><given-names>Ляйля Ильфатовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>assistant lecturer</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент</p></bio><email>yapparova.2015@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5597-0694</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57221916489</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3901-8348</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ablyaeva</surname><given-names>Anastasiya V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абляева</surname><given-names>Анастасия Валерьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ablyaeva.av@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6270-7744</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">7005725840</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5507-7958</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Saveliev</surname><given-names>Anatolii A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савельев</surname><given-names>Анатолий Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Physics and Mathematics), Dr. Sci. (Biol), professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.ф.-м.н., д.б.н., профессор</p></bio><email>Anatoly.Saveliev.aka.saa@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8642-5194</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57222576973</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sizova</surname><given-names>Elena P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сизова</surname><given-names>Елена Петровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>fguz.kanc@tatar.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2062-0058</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">56556930700</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3150-5410</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zalyalov</surname><given-names>Ramil R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Залялов</surname><given-names>Рамиль Равилевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>associate professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент</p></bio><email>ramilzal@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Сenter of Нygiene and Epidemiology in the Republic of Tatarstan (Tatarstan)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центр гигиены и эпидемиологии в Республике Татарстан (Татарстан)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Republican Medical Center for Information and Analysis</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Республиканский медицинский информационно-аналитический центр</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-01-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-12-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>12</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>875</fpage><lpage>887</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-09-07"><day>07</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-11-29"><day>29</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/109943">https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/109943</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>AIM: </italic></bold>to study the role of fine suspended particles in the atmospheric air in the formation of allergic, non-allergic and mixed phenotypes of bronchial asthma in adults.</p> <p><bold><italic>METHODS:</italic></bold> The analysis of atmospheric air pollution by fine particles in Kazan was carried out according to the database of social and hygienic monitoring of the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Republic of Tatarstan for 2014–2020. To study the relationship between the level of atmospheric air pollution with fine particles and bronchial asthma in adults (18–65 years old), a retrospective analysis of the incidence of bronchial asthma (ICD-10 codes J45.0, J45.1, J45.8) was carried out during the same period among the population of Kazan. The regional medical information system "Electronic Health of the Republic of Tatarstan" was used. Statistical modeling was carried out using the method of mixed models based on the Poisson distribution or the negative binomial distribution.</p> <p><bold><italic>RESULTS:</italic></bold> The average annual absolute risk of bronchial asthma in the adult population of Kazan was 0.51 per 100 people aged 18–65 years, an increase of 0.09 per 100 people (17.6%) per year (<italic>p</italic>=0.039). An increase in the annual maximum concentrations of PM<sub>2,5</sub> by 10 µg increased the absolute risk of non-allergic bronchial asthma by 0.066 per 100 people aged 18–65 years (<italic>p</italic>=0.043). Similar dependences, but without statistical significance at the level of <italic>p</italic> &lt;0.05, were found for such exposure parameters as the mass concentration of РМ<sub>10</sub> and the mass of particles deposited in the tracheobronchial and alveolar sections of the lungs. For allergic and mixed asthma, no statistically significant relationships with mass concentrations and deposited doses of suspended particles were found.</p> <p><bold><italic>CONCLUSION:</italic></bold> Air pollution with fine suspended particles increases the risk of developing a non-allergic phenotype of adult bronchial asthma, which may be associated with specific pathogenetic mechanisms, including the reaction of the epithelium to the deposition of fine particles.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Целью</bold> <bold>исследования</bold> явилось изучение роли мелкодисперсных взвешенных частиц в атмосферном воздухе в формировании аллергического, неаллергического и смешанного фенотипов бронхиальной астмы у взрослых.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> Анализ загрязнения атмосферного воздуха мелкодисперсными частицами в г. Казани выполняли по базе данных социально-гигиенического мониторинга Центра гигиены и эпидемиологии в Республике Татарстан за 2014–2020 гг. Для изучения взаимосвязи между уровнем загрязнения атмосферного воздуха мелкодисперсными частицами и бронхиальной астмой у взрослых (18–65 лет) проведён ретроспективный анализ заболеваемости бронхиальной астмой (коды по МКБ-10 J45.0, J45.1, J45.8) за тот же период среди населения г. Казани. Использовали региональную медицинскую информационную систему «Электронное здравоохранение Республики Татарстан». Статистическое моделирование осуществляли с применением метода смешанных моделей на основе распределения Пуассона или отрицательного биномиального распределения.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Среднегодовой абсолютный риск бронхиальной астмы у взрослого населения г. Казани составил 0,51 на 100 населения в возрасте 18–65 лет, прирост — 0,09 на 100 населения (17,6%) в год (<italic>р</italic>=0,039). Увеличение максимальных годовых концентраций PM<sub>2,5</sub> на 10 мкг повышало абсолютный риск неаллергической бронхиальной астмы на 0,066 на 100 населения в возрасте 18–65 лет (<italic>р</italic>=0,043). Аналогичные зависимости, но без статистической значимости на уровне <italic>р</italic> &lt;0,05, выявлены для таких экспозиционных параметров, как максимальные годовые массовые концентрации РМ<sub>10</sub> и массы частиц, депонированных в трахеобронхиальном и альвеолярном отделах лёгких. Для аллергической и смешанной астмы не выявлено статистически значимых связей с массовыми концентрациями и депонированными дозами взвешенных частиц.</p> <p><bold>Выводы.</bold> Загрязнение атмосферного воздуха мелкодисперсными взвешенными частицами повышает риск развития неаллергического фенотипа бронхиальной астмы у взрослых, что может быть связано с особыми патогенетическими механизмами, в том числе реакцией эпителия на осаждение мелкодисперсных частиц.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bronchial asthma</kwd><kwd>ambient particulate matter</kwd><kwd>annual maximal concentrations</kwd><kwd>deposited doses</kwd><kwd>ambient air</kwd><kwd>18-65-year-old</kwd><kwd>incidence</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бронхиальная астма</kwd><kwd>взвешенные вещества</kwd><kwd>максимальные годовые концентрации</kwd><kwd>депонированные дозы</kwd><kwd>атмосферный воздух</kwd><kwd>18–65 лет</kwd><kwd>заболеваемость</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский фонд фундаментальных исследований</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Foundation for Basic Research</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>19-05-50094</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fatkhutdinova LM, Tafeeva EA, Timerbulatova GA, et al. 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