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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экология человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-0869</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1444</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">115234</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/humeco115234</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The role of heme in environmentally caused oncogenesis (review)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Роль гема в экологически обусловленном онкогенезе (обзор литературы)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0774-2376</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">56291097200</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">J-5942-2018</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3986-4244</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pinaev</surname><given-names>Sergey K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пинаев</surname><given-names>Сергей Константинович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), associate professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент</p></bio><email>pinaev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Far Eastern State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Дальневосточный государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Khabarovsk Federal Research Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Хабаровский федеральный исследовательский центр</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-01-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-03-04" publication-format="electronic"><day>04</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>15</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-12-08"><day>08</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-01-19"><day>19</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/115234">https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/115234</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The association of hemoblastoses, tumours of the central nervous system, with several other human neoplasms with various environmental factors of a chemical and physical nature has been previously established. Nonetheless, the mechanism of this relationship remains unclear. The author formulated the concept of environmentally determined oncogenesis with a key role of heme. According to the proposed model, the first stage of oncogenesis is the induction of environmentally determined oxidative stress, which is amplified by haem iron. Simultaneously, due to the ferromagnetic properties of heme iron reception, the induction and amplification of external electromagnetic fields occur with the formation of a feedback loop and additional stimulation of oxidative processes. Further, under the influence of active oxygen metabolites in target tissues with the greatest contact with heme, epigenomic dysregulation of semaphorin is developed. This leads to oncogenesis in actively proliferating cells of the axon growth cone, bone marrow, precursors of kidney cells, mesenchymal stem cells and endothelium. Consequently, benign tumours of the endothelium (hemangiomas), leukemias, lymphomas, tumours of the peripheral and central nervous system, as well as benign and malignant tumours of soft tissues occur. The proposed model illustrates the features of childhood oncology incidence with a predominance of hemangiomas among benign tumours, as well as hemoblastoses and tumours of the nervous system among cancers. In addition, the ability of heme to interact with electromagnetic fields advances our understanding of the relationship between neoplasms and solar activity.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Связь гемобластозов, опухолей центральной нервной системы и ряда других новообразований человека с различными факторами внешней среды химической и физической природы общеизвестна. Однако механизм такой связи остаётся неясным. На основании анализа литературы автором сформулирована концепция экологически обусловленного онкогенеза, ключевую роль в которой играет гем. Согласно предложенной модели, первый этап онкогенеза заключается в индукции экологически обусловленного окислительного стресса, который на следующем этапе многократно усиливается железом гема. Параллельно с этим, благодаря ферромагнитным свойствам железа гема, происходят приём, индукция и усиление внешних электромагнитных полей с формированием петли обратной связи и дополнительной стимуляцией оксидативных процессов. Вследствие этого под воздействием активных кислородных метаболитов развивается эпигеномная дисрегуляция семафоринов в тканях-мишенях, имеющих наибольший контакт с гемом. Это в свою очередь приводит к запуску процесса опухолевой трансформации в активно пролиферирующих клетках конуса роста аксона, костного мозга, в предшественниках клеток почек, в стволовых мезенхимальных клетках и в эндотелии. В результате возникают доброкачественные опухоли эндотелия (гемангиомы), лейкозы, лимфомы, опухоли периферической и центральной нервной системы, доброкачественные и злокачественные опухоли мягких тканей. Предложенная модель хорошо объясняет особенности детской онкологической заболеваемости с преобладанием среди доброкачественных опухолей гемангиом, а среди злокачественных новообразований — гемобластозов и опухолей нервной системы. Помимо этого, способность гема к взаимодействию с электромагнитными полями позволяет приблизиться к пониманию связи новообразований с активностью Солнца.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>heme</kwd><kwd>environmental factors</kwd><kwd>ecology</kwd><kwd>cancer</kwd><kwd>tumor</kwd><kwd>oncogenesis</kwd><kwd>carcinogenesis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гем</kwd><kwd>факторы внешней среды</kwd><kwd>экология</kwd><kwd>рак</kwd><kwd>злокачественные новообразования</kwd><kwd>онкогенез</kwd><kwd>канцерогенез</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agadzhanyan NA, Chischov AYa, Kim TA. Diseases of civilization. Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology). 2003;(4):8–11. (In Russ).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Агаджанян Н.А., Чижов А.Я., Ким Т.А. Болезни цивилизации // Экология человека. 2003. № 4. 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