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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экология человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-0869</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1444</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">133608</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/humeco133608</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDY ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Gender differences in sensitization to formaldehyde among urban adolescents in relation to parental chemical exposure</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гендерные различия сенсибилизации к формальдегиду у городских подростков с наследственным химическим воздействием</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1400-6345</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3794-7520</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Masnavieva</surname><given-names>Liudmila B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маснавиева</surname><given-names>Людмила Борисовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biol.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н.</p></bio><email>Masnavieva_Luda@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7218-2147</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4537-9381</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Efimova</surname><given-names>Natalia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ефимова</surname><given-names>Наталья Васильевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>medecolab@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5608-0818</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6996-7177</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudaeva</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудаева</surname><given-names>Ирина Валерьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), associate professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., доцент</p></bio><email>Kudaeva_Irina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9961-6408</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2759-3895</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhurba</surname><given-names>Olga M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Журба</surname><given-names>Ольга Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н.</p></bio><email>zhurba99@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Восточно-Сибирский институт медико-экологических исследований</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-07-18" publication-format="electronic"><day>18</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-08-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>08</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>275</fpage><lpage>285</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-01-22"><day>22</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-05-24"><day>24</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/133608">https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/133608</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>BACKGROUND:</italic></bold> The burden of sensitization and allergies increases every year. The development of allergopathology can be influenced by various external factors, including the exposure of parents to chemical compounds with the subsequent impact on the child's health.</p> <p><bold><italic>AIM:</italic></bold> to identify gender differences in sensitization to formaldehyde among adolescents of industrial cities in relation to parental chemical exposure.</p> <p><bold><italic>METHODS: </italic></bold>A cross-sectional survey was conducted on a sample of 800 adolescents who were exposed to varying levels of formaldehyde inhalation. We assessed the serum levels of total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and the concentration of formaldehyde in urine among 340 participants who met the inclusion criteria. Additionally, the sensitization to formaldehyde was evaluated using the leukocytes migration inhibition test (LMIT) with this compound. Furthermore, the personalized hazard indices (HQ<sub>fa</sub>) of formaldehyde exposure were calculated.</p> <p><bold><italic>RESULTS:</italic></bold> Urine formaldehyde concentration exceeded the reference values in 89.7% of the study participants. Elevated concentrations of IgE were more common among boys (35.4% vs. 21.9%). The highest concentrations of IgE [70.0 (4.0–138.9) mU/ml] were observed in boys with HQ<sub>fa</sub> ≥1 with the history of parental chemical exposure. It was 3.8 times as high as in girls [18.5 (1.8–53.4) mU/ml]. The proportion of boys with altered LMIT and HQ<sub>fa</sub> &lt;1 was greater in the group of adolescents with exposed parents (66.7%) compared to 13.3% among their counterparts with unexposed parents. The proportion of LMIT alterations in girls with HQ<sub>fa</sub> ≥1 was 66.7% with exposed parents which is 3 times higher as high as among girls with unexposed parents (22.8%). The relative risk of sensitization to formaldehyde in boys with HQ<sub>fa</sub> ≥1, whose parents had no pre-conceptional industrial contact with chemical compounds, was 3 times as high as in girls [OR (CI) = 3.01 (1.32–6.88)] under the same chemical load.</p> <p><bold><italic>CONCLUSION: </italic></bold>The prevalence of formaldehyde sensitization was greater among adolescent boys compared to girls. Pre-gestational parental chemical exposure was not associated with sensitization levels in regression analysis. This finding highlights the importance of considering variations in adolescent body sensitization to pollutants when developing diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic strategies with the further going aim to reduce the burden of allergopathology and contribute to better health of the population.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Число лиц (в том числе детей) с сенсибилизацией и аллергией ежегодно увеличивается. На возникновение аллергопатологии может влиять не только внешнее воздействие на детский организм, но и экспозиция родителей химическими соединениями в период, предшествующий рождению, а также пол ребёнка.</p> <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Выявление гендерных различий сенсибилизации к формальдегиду у подростков с наследственным химическим воздействием, проживающих в промышленных городах.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> Проведено анкетирование 800 юношей и девушек, проживающих в условиях различной ингаляционной нагрузки формальдегидом, родители которых в предгестационный период контактировали или не контактировали с химическим фактором (в зависимости от рода деятельности). У 340 подростков, которые соответствовали критериям исследования, определены сывороточные концентрации общего иммуноглобулина Е (Ig E), содержание формальдегида в моче, проведена оценка сенсибилизации к формальдегиду по реакции торможения миграции лейкоцитов (РТМЛ) с этим соединением, рассчитаны персонифицированные индексы опасности воздействия формальдегида (HQ<sub>fa</sub>).</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Установлено, что у 89,7% исследуемых концентрация формальдегида в моче превышала референсные значения. Повышенное содержание Ig E чаще отмечено в группе юношей-подростков, чем в группе девушек (35,4 и 21,9% соответственно). При химическом наследственном отягощении концентрация Ig E у мальчиков с HQ<sub>fa </sub>≥1 была наибольшей [70,0 (4,0–138,9) мЕд/мл] и при этом в 3,8 раза выше, чем у девочек [18,5 (1,8–53,4) мЕд/мл]. Доля лиц с изменённой РТМЛ среди юношей с HQ<sub>fa </sub>&lt;1 была выше в группе подростков, чьи родители работали во вредных условиях труда (66,7%), по сравнению со сверстниками без наследственного химического воздействия (13,3%). Среди девушек с HQ<sub>fa </sub>≥1, которые имели химическое наследственное воздействие, частота отклонения РТМЛ была в 3 раза выше (66,7%), чем у тех, у кого это воздействие отсутствовало (22,8%). У юношей с HQ<sub>fa </sub>≥1, чьи родители не имели производственного контакта с химическими соединениями, отмечен в 3 раза более высокий относительный риск возникновения сенсибилизации к формальдегиду, чем у девушек с той же химической нагрузкой [OR (CI) = 3,01 (1,32–6,88)].</p> <p><bold>Заключение<italic>.</italic></bold> Среди юношей 14–17 лет признаки сенсибилизации к формальдегиду отмечаются чаще, чем среди девушек этого же возраста. Наличие гендерных различий в сенсибилизации организма подростков к поллютантам подтверждает необходимость учёта половой принадлежности для разработки диагностических, профилактических и лечебных мероприятий с целью предотвращения развития аллергопатологии и сохранения здоровья населения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>teenagers</kwd><kwd>pre-gestational chemical exposure</kwd><kwd>sensitization</kwd><kwd>immunoglobulin Е</kwd><kwd>leukocytes migration inhibition test</kwd><kwd>formaldehyde</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>подростки</kwd><kwd>предгестационное химическое воздействие</kwd><kwd>сенсибилизация</kwd><kwd>иммуноглобулин Е</kwd><kwd>реакция торможения миграции лейкоцитов</kwd><kwd>формальдегид</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Правительство Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Government of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Simon D. 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