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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экология человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-0869</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1444</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">322845</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/humeco322845</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDY ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Building [dis]trust in COVID discourses</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Конструирование [не]доверия в ковидных дискурсах</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6403-6083</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Galkin</surname><given-names>Konstantin A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галкин</surname><given-names>Константин Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Sociol.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.соц.н.</p></bio><email>Kgalkin1989@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6187-7947</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2444-2580</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Parfenova</surname><given-names>Oksana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Парфенова</surname><given-names>Оксана Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Sociol.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.соц.н.</p></bio><email>oparfenova2023@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sociological Institute of the RAS — Branch of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Социологический институт РАН — филиал Федерального научно-исследовательского социологического центра РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-07-18" publication-format="electronic"><day>18</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-08-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>08</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>301</fpage><lpage>311</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-04-12"><day>12</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-06-02"><day>02</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/322845">https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/322845</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>BACKGROUND: </italic></bold>The COVID-19 pandemic has led to unprecedented measures implemented by authorities worldwide, which in turn have contributed to a lack of trust among citizens and the proliferation of conspiracy theories. Currently, there exists a limited body of research dedicated to the examination of radical COVID-19 dissidents and the broader concept of COVID-19 dissidence. Insufficient attention has been given to the discourse generated by regular users of social media platforms regarding the pandemic. We believe that studying the comments made by ordinary social media users is crucial in identifying and analyzing the prevailing discourses surrounding the biopolitical measures implemented by authorities.</p> <p><bold><italic>AIM:</italic></bold> To examine the construction of trust and distrust in the measures implemented by authorities during the ongoing pandemic. The primary research question that guides this investigation is: How do users of social networks form trust or distrust in biopolitics during the pandemic?</p> <p><bold><italic>METHODS:</italic></bold> The data used for this analysis consisted of publications from a one-year period, focusing on different anti-COVID measures such as vaccination, mask mandates, distance learning, and other restrictions. These publications were sourced from an official public website belonging to the authorities of St. Petersburg. The AntConc software was used for the analysis. By applying the concept of biopolitics, we examined the responses of social media users and their interactions with the governing bodies.</p> <p><bold><italic>RESULTS:</italic></bold> We identified three distinct discourses: disagreement, resistance, and agreement. Among these, disagreement and resistance were the most prevalent. These discourses stem from a deep-rooted sense of distrust, doubt, and unwillingness among users to comply with the proposed measures. It was within the realms of these two discourses that users engaged in the most active communication with various authorities. However, this communication followed a predictable pattern, where authorities responded to inquiries by providing standard references to regulations governing specific restrictions and vaccination. This approach failed to foster trust and only served to amplify user discontent. On the other hand, the discourse of agreement revolved around expressing solidarity with the implemented measures. Some users effectively communicated the benefits of vaccination, maintaining social distance, and wearing masks to convince others.</p> <p><bold><italic>CONCLUSION: </italic></bold>[Dis]trust in matters related to physicality and health influences an individual's decision-making process. People contemplate whether to wear a mask, get vaccinated, or even devise strategies to evade measures they perceive as ineffective or potentially harmful. The prevailing lack of commitment towards vaccination, widespread disregard for mask mandates, and the resistance against QR codes suggest that this disagreement and resistance extend beyond mere discourse and manifest in actual practices. To further explore this phenomenon, a comparison of these discursive practices with real-world actions is warranted.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Динамика развития пандемии породила прежде невиданные глобальные меры со стороны властей во всём мире и способствовала формированию [не]доверия со стороны граждан и росту конспирологических теорий. На сегодняшний день существуют исследования, посвящённые изучению радикальных ковид-диссидентов и в целом ковид-диссидентства. В то же время дискурсы, производимые рядовым пользователям социальных сетей о пандемии, пока изучены мало. Мы полагаем, что именно изучение комментариев обычных пользователей социальных сетей позволяет выявить и проанализировать существующие дискурсы о биополитических мерах властей.</p> <p><bold>Цель. </bold>Изучить, как конструируется [не]доверие к мерам, принимаемым властями в период пандемии коронавируса. Основным исследовательским интересом для нас выступает вопрос о том, как формируется [не]доверие к биополитике у пользователей социальных сетей в период пандемии.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> Материалом для анализа послужили публикации за один год, посвящённые различным антиковидным мерам — вакцинации, масочному режиму, дистанционному обучению и иным ограничениям, — и комментарии к ним в одном из официальных пабликов властей Петербурга. Для анализа использовалась программа AntConc. Используя концепцию биополитики, мы анализировали реакции пользователей социальных сетей и их коммуникацию с органами власти.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> По результатам выделено три дискурса: несогласия, сопротивления и согласия. Наиболее ярко представлены два из них — несогласия и сопротивления. Они основаны на недоверии, сомнениях и неготовности следовать предлагаемым мерам со стороны пользователей. Именно в рамках этих двух дискурсов происходит их наиболее активная коммуникация с разными органами власти. Коммуникация строится по одинаковым «лекалам»: в ответ на вопросы органы власти дают шаблонные отсылки к нормативным актам, регулирующим конкретные ограничения и вакцинацию, что не приводит к появлению доверия и лишь усиливает ответное недовольство со стороны пользователей. Дискурс согласия строится на выражении солидарности с принимаемыми мерами и выражается в убеждающей коммуникации одними пользователями других в пользе вакцинации, соблюдения дистанции, ношения масок.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>[Не]доверие в вопросах, касающихся телесности и здоровья, приводит к тому, что индивид делает выбор согласно сформированным у него представлениям: носить ли ему маску, делать ли прививку, изобретать ли тактики для избегания тех мер, которые расцениваются им как неэффективные, а иногда и вредные. Учитывая невысокую приверженность вакцинации, практически полное игнорирование масочного режима и возмущение QR-кодами, можно предположить, что дискурсивное несогласие и сопротивление проявляют себя в практиках. Дальнейшее продолжение исследование предполагает сопоставление дискурсивных практик с реальными.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>biopolitics</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>discourses</kwd><kwd>distrust</kwd><kwd>communication</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>биополитика</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>дискурсы</kwd><kwd>доверие</kwd><kwd>коммуникация с властью</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van Mulukom V, Pummerer LJ, Alper S, et al. Antecedents and consequences of COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs: a systematic review. Soc Sci Med. 2022;301:114912. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114912</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van Mulukom V., Pummerer L.J., Alper S., et al. Antecedents and consequences of COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs: a systematic review // Soc Sci Med. 2022. Vol. 301. 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