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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экология человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-0869</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1444</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">35018</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33396/1728-0869-2019-9-4-14</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Scientifiic principles of use of biomarkers in medico-ecological studies (review)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Научные принципы применения биомаркеров в медико-экологических исследованиях (обзор литературы)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaitseva</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайцева</surname><given-names>Нина Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zemlyanova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Землянова</surname><given-names>Марина Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chashchin</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чащин</surname><given-names>Валерий Петрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заслуженный деятель науки Российской Федерации, директор</p></bio><email>valerych05@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gudkov</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гудков</surname><given-names>Андрей Борисович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Perm State Medical University named after E. A. Wagner</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Пермский государственный медицинский университет имени академика Е. А. Вагнера» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Northwest Public Health Research Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУН «Северо-западный научный центр гигиены и общественного здоровья»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">North-Western State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И. И. Мечникова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Northern State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Северный государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-09-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>9</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">NO9 (2019)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">№9 (2019)</issue-title><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>14</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-07-09"><day>09</day><month>07</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2019, Zaitseva N.V., Zemlyanova M.A., Chashchin V.P., Gudkov A.B.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2019, Зайцева Н.В., Землянова М.А., Чащин В.П., Гудков А.Б.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zaitseva N.V., Zemlyanova M.A., Chashchin V.P., Gudkov A.B.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зайцева Н.В., Землянова М.А., Чащин В.П., Гудков А.Б.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/35018">https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/35018</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents an overview and summarizes the accumulated international and national experience, highlighting the formation and main stages of the development of the theoretical foundations and practical significance of the use of biomarkers in medico-ecological studies and evaluations in terms of influence of harmful chemical factors on the human organism. It is shown that in order to increase the effectiveness of evidentiary causal relationships of developing negative effects and modifying the mechanism of their development with the adverse effects of environmental factors, the need to expand scientific research in the field of biomarkers, their selection criteria, and justification of reference levels is becoming more urgent. In accordance with the opinion of experts from the Ad Hoc Collaborating Organizations on Biomarkers (UNEP, ILO and WHO), biomarkers of three classes were identified - exposure biomarkers, reflecting exposure, sensitivity, characterizing the degree of organism susceptibility to exposure and markers of negative effects, indicating the development of the body's response to the effects of risk factors. Based on the currently existing international approaches and taking into account national competencies, a characteristic was given and the practical significance of each class of biological markers was shown when solving problems of substantiating cause-effect relationships in the system «environment - human health» and making adequate management decisions.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье представлен критический анализ накопленного международного и национального опыта, освещающего становление и основные этапы развития теоретических основ и практической значимости применения биомаркеров в медико-экологических исследованиях и экспертизах на примере воздействия на организм вредных химических факторов. Показано, что для доказательства причинно-следственной связи возникновения негативных эффектов и их развития с воздействием вредных факторов окружающей среды актуализируется необходимость расширения научных исследований в области применения биомаркеров, критериев их выбора и оценки. В соответствии с экспертным докладом, опубликованном международными организациями, выделяются биомаркеры трех классов: 1. Биомаркеры экспозиции. 2. Биомаркеры восприимчивости организма к вредному воздействию. 3. Биомаркеры вредных эффектов. С учетом современных международных подходов и национальных компетенций дана характеристика и показана практическая значимость каждого класса биологических маркеров при обосновании причинно-следственных связей в системе «окружающая среда - здоровье человека», сформулированы основные требования к порядку их применения в медико-экологических исследованиях.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>biomarkers of exposure</kwd><kwd>biomarkers of sensitivity</kwd><kwd>biomarkers of effect</kwd><kwd>biomonitoring</kwd><kwd>reference values</kwd><kwd>harmful environmental factors</kwd><kwd>ecology and human health</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>биомаркеры экспозиции</kwd><kwd>биомаркеры чувствительности</kwd><kwd>биомаркеры эффекта</kwd><kwd>биомониторинг</kwd><kwd>референтные значения</kwd><kwd>вредные факторы окружающей среды</kwd><kwd>экология и здоровье человека</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Агаджанян И. 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