Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)Экология человека1728-08692949-1444Eco-Vector45640610.17816/humeco456406REVIEWSОБЗОРЫReview ArticleA review of international experience in air quality assessmentОценка качества атмосферного воздуха в разных странах (обзор)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2067-38306726-4542PozdnyakovMichail V.ПоздняковМихаил Валерьевич
Russian Federation

Cand. Sci. (Phys. and Math.)

к.ф.-м.н.

mpozdnyakov@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8220-145X2048-0643MazilovSvyatoslav I.МазиловСвятослав Игоревич
Russian Federation

Cand. Sci. (Biol.)

к.б.н.

smazilov@ya.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5749-23821286-5149RaikovaSvetlana V.РайковаСветлана Владимировна
Russian Federation

MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), associate professor

к.м.н., доцент

matiz853@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7379-484X1776-5237GusevYury S.ГусевЮрий Сергеевич
Russian Federation

Cand. Sci. (Biol.)

к.б.н.

yuran1989@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4099-93687145-3073KomlevaNatalia E.КомлеваНаталия Евгеньевна
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.)

д.м.н.

nekomleva@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0670-79181456-5471MikerovAnatoly N.МикеровАнатолий Николаевич
Russian Federation

Dr. Sci. (Biol.)

д.б.н.

mail@smncg.ruSaratov Hygiene Medical Research Center of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management TechnologiesСаратовский медицинский научный центр гигиены Федерального научного центра медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населенияSaratov State Medical University named after V.I. RazumovskyСаратовский государственный медицинский университет им. В.И. Разумовского05092023031020233053253392305202326062023Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-VectorCopyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор2023Eco-VectorЭко-Векторhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/456406

This article provides a comprehensive overview of global practices in assessing atmospheric air quality in different countries. The review is based on scientific literature, regulatory frameworks, and methodological documents. It delves into the specificities of pollutant regulation in various countries, including Russia, and compares the standards established in each. Substantial differences in the approaches to the regulation of pollutants in the atmospheric have been identified between the countries.

Furthermore, this study examines the methods for assessing air quality and instrumental control. It explores renowned mathematical models used for evaluating and predicting atmospheric air quality. Notably, the findings reveal striking similarities between data obtained through predictive modeling and field measurements. However, the utilization of an extensive network of measurement stations enables the acquisition of the most precise and up-to-date information on atmospheric pollutant concentrations.

Moreover, this article offers an overview of online services available globally for real-time monitoring of atmospheric air quality. These platforms play a crucial role in providing immediate insights into the state of the air we breathe. Additionally, the article presents the methods employed for assessing the health risks associated with atmospheric pollutant levels and their impact on the population health.

It has been established that the countries of Europe, the USA, and China have achieved significant success in the field of atmospheric air quality control. Residents in these countries have access to up-to-date information about the state of atmospheric air in real-time. However, in Russia, despite ongoing assessments of air quality, there is currently no public service available that provides comprehensive information on atmospheric air quality.

На основании данных научной литературы, нормативно-методических документов обобщён мировой опыт в области оценки качества атмосферного воздуха в разных странах. Приведены особенности нормирования содержания поллютантов в атмосферном воздухе в ряде стран, включая Россию, и сравнение норм, установленных в этих государствах. Выявлены различные подходы к нормированию содержания поллютантов в атмосферном воздухе в разных странах. Проанализированы методы оценки качества воздуха и инструментального контроля в разных странах, рассмотрены наиболее известные и популярные математические модели оценки и прогнозирования качества атмосферного воздуха. Выявлено, что данные о состоянии атмосферного воздуха, полученные с помощью прогностического моделирования, имеют значительное сходство с данными, полученными на основе натурных измерений, однако использование широкой сети станций измерения позволяет получить наиболее точные данные о концентрации загрязнителей атмосферного воздуха в текущий период времени. Приведён обзор мировых онлайн-сервисов мониторинга состояния атмосферного воздуха в реальном времени. Описаны методики оценки риска влияния концентрации загрязняющих веществ в атмосферном воздухе на здоровье населения.

Установлено, что наибольшие успехи в области контроля качества атмосферного воздуха достигнуты в странах Европы, США, Китае, жители которых могут получать актуальную информацию о состоянии атмосферного воздуха в свободном доступе в режиме реального времени. В России, несмотря на проводимую оценку качества атмосферного воздуха, до настоящего времени не существует доступного для населения единого сервиса, позволяющего получить всю необходимую информацию о качестве атмосферного воздуха.

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