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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экология человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-0869</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1444</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">456492</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/humeco456492</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDY ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Spatial patterns of mortality among the able-bodied population in the Republic of Bashkortostan</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Пространственные факторы смертности населения трудоспособного возраста в Республике Башкортостан</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1004-0722</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Timiryanova</surname><given-names>Venera M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимирьянова</surname><given-names>Венера Маратовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>dr. sci. (econ.), associate professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.э.н., доцент</p></bio><email>79174073127@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7980-4113</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Askarov</surname><given-names>Rasul A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аскаров</surname><given-names>Расул Аскарович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>md, cand. sci. (med.), associate professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент</p></bio><email>rasul72@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9876-9202</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lakman</surname><given-names>Irina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лакман</surname><given-names>Ирина Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>cand. sci. (tech.), associate professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.т.н., доцент</p></bio><email>Lackmania@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9772-1311</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Askarova</surname><given-names>Zagira F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аскарова</surname><given-names>Загира Фаткулловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>md, dr. sci. (med.), professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>zagira_a@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ufa University of Science and Technology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Уфимский университет науки и технологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sergo Ordzhonikidze Russian State University for Geological Prospecting</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский государственный геологоразведочный университет имени Серго Орджоникидзе</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bashkir State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Башкирский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-10-06" publication-format="electronic"><day>06</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-21" publication-format="electronic"><day>21</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>7</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>523</fpage><lpage>537</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-05-25"><day>25</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-09-19"><day>19</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/456492">https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/456492</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND: </bold>Regional differentiation adds complexity to the issue of high mortality among the working-age population. The identified regional patterns of mortality causes are typically not confined to specific areas, but rather influenced by spatial factors.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> To study temporal trends in spatial patterns of mortality of the working-age population mortality from the main causes of death in the Republic of Bashkortostan. In addition, we identified territorial factors associated with the mortality patterns and trends.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> Mortality data on 6 main causes of death from 54 municipal districts, 20 urban districts and urban settlements were collected for the period from 2002 through 2020. The analysis included estimation of the Moran's index and the spatial panel data modeling.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> Spatial mortality patterns were evident for mortality from diseases of the circulatory system, infectious and parasitic diseases, and external causes. The impact of crime levels in a specific region (male: p=0.046; female: p=0.019) negatively affected mortality rates from circulatory diseases among working-age men and women. Additionally, for men, the volume of gross municipal product (GMP) had an additional effect (p=0.046). Factors that contribute to a decrease in mortality from external causes among able-bodied men and women included the growth of GMP (male: p=0.010; female: p=0.003 — for women), an increase in the number of doctors per 10,000 people in the population (male: p=0.001; female: p=0.037), and the availability of nursing staff (male: p=0.026; female: p=0.005). Furthermore, crime rates had a significant impact on mortality from external causes for men (p=0.028), while the availability of hospital beds played a crucial role for women (p=0.030).</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION: </bold>The study provides the evidence on the presence of spatial autocorrelation in the context of causes of death, as well as common and differing factors influencing male and female mortality in Bashkortostan. The findings provide a solid foundation for further analysis of spatially determined factors contributing to mortality among working-age population.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Решение проблемы высокой смертности населения в трудоспособном возрасте осложняется её региональной дифференциацией. Выявляемые региональные особенности смертности по причинам, как правило, носят не локальный характер, а пространственно-обусловленный.</p> <p><bold>Цель.<italic> </italic></bold>Определение темпоральных тенденций пространственных закономерностей смертности населения трудоспособного возраста от основных причин (на примере Республики Башкортостан) и выявление определяющих её территориальных факторов.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> Использованы данные о смертности населения, представленные в разрезе муниципальных образований (54 муниципальных района, 20 городских округов и городских поселений) и агрегированные по 6 основным причинам смерти в динамике за 2002–2020 гг. Анализ предусматривал оценку индекса Морана и построение панельных моделей авторегрессии с пространственным лагом и ошибкой.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Наиболее заметно пространственные зависимости проявляются для болезней системы кровообращения (БСК), некоторых инфекционных и паразитарных болезней, а также для внешних причин. Негативное влияние на смертность от БСК населения трудоспособного возраста среди мужчин и женщин оказывает уровень преступности в данном районе (мужчины: <italic>p</italic>=0,046; женщины: <italic>p</italic>=0,019). Для мужчин дополнительное влияние оказывает объём валового муниципального продукта (ВМП) (<italic>p</italic>=0,046). Факторами, снижающими смертность от внешних причин среди трудоспособных мужчин и женщин, служат рост ВМП (мужчины: <italic>p</italic>=0,0010; женщины: <italic>p</italic>=0,003), увеличение численности врачей в расчёте на 10 000 населения (мужчины: <italic>p</italic>=0,001; женщины: <italic>p</italic>=0,037) и обеспеченности средним медицинским персоналом (мужчины: <italic>p</italic>=0,026; женщины: <italic>p</italic>=0,005). Для мужчин значимое влияние на смертность от внешних причин дополнительно оказывает преступность (<italic>p</italic>=0,028), а для женщин — обеспеченность больничными койками (<italic>p</italic>=0,030). Пространственные эффекты во всех моделях были значимы на уровне <italic>p</italic>=0,003.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Проведённый анализ позволил обосновать наличие пространственной автокорреляции в разрезе причин смертности, а также существование как общих, так и специфичных факторов мужской и женской смертности, что может быть основой для последующего анализа пространственно-обусловленных условий смертности населения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mortality</kwd><kwd>causes of death</kwd><kwd>spatial distributions</kwd><kwd>spatio-temporal analysis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>смертность</kwd><kwd>причины смерти</kwd><kwd>пространственное распределение</kwd><kwd>пространственно-временной анализ</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>FZWU-2023-0002</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>https://gateway.euro.who.int/ru/ [интернет]. 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