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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экология человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-0869</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1444</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">624207</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/humeco624207</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDY ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Adaptive immune response in women from the Russian Arctic region after COVID-19 infection</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Адаптивный иммунный ответ у женщин Арктического региона России после COVID-19</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4900-4021</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6859-2123</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchegoleva</surname><given-names>L. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щёголева</surname><given-names>Л. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>shchegoleva60@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1735-6690</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8137-0571</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shashkova</surname><given-names>E. Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шашкова</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>eli1255@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-0562</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8507-7525</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Filippova</surname><given-names>O. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филиппова</surname><given-names>О. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>eli1255@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6306-1068</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4890-4668</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Popovskaya</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поповская</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>miakati15@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0745-3099</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6139-1758</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergeeva</surname><given-names>T. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергеева</surname><given-names>Т. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>tanya--86@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр комплексного изучения Арктики им. акад. Н.П. Лавёрова Уральского отделения Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-04-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>11</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>857</fpage><lpage>863</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-12-04"><day>04</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-03-26"><day>26</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2023,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/624207">https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/624207</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND</bold>: The Arctic region of Russia is characterized by disproportionately high rates of morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 during the pandemic. The harsh climatic and environmental conditions in this area impede the development of self-regulation processes resulting in activation and strain of both cellular and humoral immunity. This leads to a depletion of the body’s reserve capacities. At present, there is lack of research examining how individuals who have recovered from COVID-19 are affected by the extreme conditions of Arctic Russia. <bold>AIM</bold>: To study the ratio of immunocompetent cells involved in the adaptive immune response following COVID-19 infection. <bold>MATERIAL AND METHODS</bold>: A total of 29 women aged 20 – 40 years were examined in Arkhangelsk as part of a comprehensive immunological study. This study involved assessment of the number of leukocytes, lymphocytes, and their phenotypes (CD5+, CD8+, CD10+, CD95+), as well as determination of phagocytic activity and phagocytic number. <bold>RESULTS</bold>: The cellular adaptive immune response in observed individuals 6 months after experiencing moderate COVID-19 disease was characterized by a very low concentration of T cells (CD5<sup>+</sup>) in all cases, CD10<sup>+</sup> lymphocytes (44.83%) alongside with a high concentration of cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD8<sup>+</sup>) in 48.27% of individuals and lymphocytes with receptors for apoptosis (CD95<sup>+</sup>) in 51.72%, with relatively high phagocytic activity ranging from 90 to 100%. A correlation was found in 11.29% of women between the low content of CD10<sup>+</sup> and CD95<sup>+</sup> cells with the activity of phagocytosis. In 40% of women with high phagocytic activity, the concentrations of cytotoxic cells (CD8<sup>+</sup>) were found to be at a minimum level. <bold>CONCLUSIONS</bold>: Women with high phagocytic activity were found to have the lowest concentrations of cytotoxic cells, suggesting a potentially positive prognosis for reducing the risk of complications. This indicates that cellular immunity may play a role in determining the severity of COVID-19 infection in individuals with high phagocytic activity.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование</bold>. Население, проживающее в Арктическом регионе, имеет особенно высокие показатели заболеваемости и смертности от COVID-19. Экстремальные климатические и экологические условия Арктического региона препятствуют развитию процессов саморегуляции, что приводит к активации и напряжению клеточного и гуморального иммунитета, то есть к снижению резервных возможностей организма. В настоящее время очень мало исследований, специально изучающих, как ведет себя адаптивный иммунный ответ лиц, перенесших COVID-19, в экстремальных климатических условиях Европейского Севера Российской Федерации. <bold>Цель. </bold>Исследование соотношения иммунокомпетентных клеток в адаптивном иммунном ответе, сформировавшемся после COVID-19, у женщин Арктического региона России. <bold>Материал и методы.</bold> Обследовано 29 женщин 20–40 лет, проживающих в Архангельске. Комплексное иммунологическое исследование включало определение лейкоцитов, лимфоцитов, их фенотипов (CD5<sup>+</sup>, CD8<sup>+</sup>, CD10<sup>+</sup>, CD95<sup>+</sup>), фагоцитарной активности и фагоцитарного числа. <bold>Результаты. </bold>Клеточный адаптивный иммунный ответ у обследуемых лиц через 6 мес. после перенесённого заболевания COVID-19 средней степени тяжести характеризуется крайне низкой концентрацией Т-клеток (CD5<sup>+</sup>) в 100% случаев, лимфоцитов CD10<sup>+</sup> (44,83%) на фоне высокого содержания цитотоксических лимфоцитов (CD8<sup>+</sup>) — в 48,27%, лимфоцитов с рецепторами к апоптозу (CD95<sup>+</sup>) — в 51,72% с относительно высокой фагоцитарной активностью (в пределах 90–100%). Выявлена корреляционная связь у 11,29% женщин между низким содержанием клеток СD10<sup>+</sup> и СD95<sup>+</sup> с активностью фагоцитоза. У 40,00% лиц с высокой фагоцитарной активностью концентрации цитотоксических клеток (CD8<sup>+</sup>) фиксировали на минимальном уровне. <bold>Заключение.</bold> Наименьшие концентрации цитотоксических клеток выявлены у лиц с высокой фагоцитарной активностью, что может быть положительным прогнозом снижения риска развития осложнений. Клеточный иммунитет предопределяет развитие лёгкой формы инфекции COVID-19 у лиц с исходно значительной фагоцитарной активностью.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Arctic</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>cytotoxic T lymphocytes</kwd><kwd>apoptosis</kwd><kwd>lymphoproliferation</kwd><kwd>cellular immunity</kwd><kwd>phagocytic activity</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Арктика</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>цитотоксические Т-лимфоциты</kwd><kwd>апоптоз</kwd><kwd>лимфопролиферация</kwd><kwd>клеточный иммунитет</kwd><kwd>фагоцитарная активность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Научное исследование проведено при поддержке Российского научного фонда (Грант РНФ 22-25-20143, https://rscf.ru/project/22-25-20143/)</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">This work was supported by the Research Foundation Flanders (grant 22-25-20143, https://rscf.ru/project/22-25-20143/)</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hathaway ED. 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