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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экология человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-0869</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1444</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">629203</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/humeco629203</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDY ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Cellular immune responses in women living in the Arctic region</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клеточные иммунные реакции у женского населения Арктического региона</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>北极地区女性的细胞免疫反应</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9587-2500</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2965-1478</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozova</surname><given-names>Olga S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозова</surname><given-names>Ольга Сергеевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Morozova</surname><given-names>Olga S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>olia.morozow2011@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4900-4021</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6859-2123</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchegoleva</surname><given-names>Lyubov S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щёголева</surname><given-names>Любовь Станиславовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Shchegoleva</surname><given-names>Lyubov S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>shchegoleva60@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1735-6690</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8137-0571</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shashkova</surname><given-names>Elizaveta Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шашкова</surname><given-names>Елизавета Юрьевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Shashkova</surname><given-names>Elizaveta Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>eli1255@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-0562</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8507-7525</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Filippova</surname><given-names>Oksana E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филиппова</surname><given-names>Оксана Евгеньевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Filippova</surname><given-names>Oksana Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>oxana_filippova_85@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Research Center for Comprehensive Study of the Arctic named after Academician N.P. Laverov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр комплексного изучения Арктики им. акад. Н.П. Лаверова Уральского отделения Российской академии наук</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Federal Research Center for Comprehensive Study of the Arctic named after Academician N.P. Laverov</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-01-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>447</fpage><lpage>455</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-03-18"><day>18</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-12-02"><day>02</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2024,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/629203">https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/629203</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> In the northern regions, exposure to harsh climatic and ecological conditions alters immune status, resulting in decreased resistance to microorganisms, development of various types of hypersensitivity, and auto-sensitization. During formation and maturation of the immune system, these changes contribute to growth retardation in children, while in adults, they accelerate aging.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> To assess the distribution of lymphocyte phenotypes and the phagocytic activity of neutrophils in women residing in the Far North.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</bold> The study analyzed the immune status of 60 conditionally healthy women living in the Far North of the Russian Federation (Pinega, Arkhangelsk Region). The mean age of the participants was 47.76±0.94 years. Blood concentrations of lymphocyte phenotypes (CD3<sup>+</sup>, CD5<sup>+</sup>, CD8<sup>+</sup>, CD10<sup>+</sup>, CD16<sup>+</sup>, CD71<sup>+</sup>, HLA-DR<sup>+</sup>) were measured using an indirect immunoperoxidase reaction with monoclonal antibodies. Granulocyte phagocytic activity was assessed using latex particles, with phagocytic activity expressed as a percentage and phagocytic intensity determined by the phagocytic index (the number of latex particles engulfed per 100 neutrophils). Descriptive statistics (mean and standard error of the mean) were calculated for each immunological parameter. Correlation analysis was performed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. The percentage of immune parameter imbalances was determined based on the frequency of high and low concentrations relative to physiological reference ranges. Data analysis was conducted using Statistica 10.0 and Microsoft Excel 2010.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> Cellular immunity strain was identified, characterized by reduced activity of T-lymphocytes expressing CD3<sup>+</sup> and CD5<sup>+</sup> receptors (95.00±1.61% and 96.66±1.63% of women, respectively). This was accompanied by increased cytotoxic CD8<sup>+</sup> cells and natural killer CD16<sup>+</sup> cells (53.33±1.20% and 48.33±1.14%, respectively). This pattern suggests a reduced reserve capacity of the immune system. A decrease in phagocytic activity was observed in 20.00±0.73% of participants, while an increase in CD10<sup>+</sup> cells was noted in 21.66±0.77%.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold><bold> </bold>The insufficient activity of T-lymphocytes, coupled with an increase in cytotoxic and natural killer cells, reflects a state of immune system strain. Additionally, reduced phagocytic activity and elevated CD10<sup>+</sup> lymphoproliferation contributes to a reduced reserve capacity of immune homeostasis.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> В северных регионах под воздействием дискомфортных климатических факторов, неблагоприятной климатоэкологической обстановки происходит перестройка некоторых параметров иммунного статуса со снижением общей резистентности к микроорганизмам, с появлением гиперчувствительности различных типов и аутосенсибилизации. В период формирования и развития иммунной системы это приводит к задержке развития у детей, а у взрослого населения — к преждевременному старению.</p> <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Выявить содержание фенотипов лимфоцитов и фагоцитарную активность нейтрофилов у женщин на Крайнем Севере.</p> <p><bold>Материалы</bold><bold> </bold><bold>и</bold><bold> </bold><bold>методы.</bold> Провели анализ результатов обследования иммунного статуса 60 условно здоровых женщин, проживающих на Крайнем Севере Российской Федерации (п. Пинега Архангельской области). Средний возраст обследованных женщин — 47,76±0,94 года. Изучали концентрацию в крови лимфоцитов с фенотипами CD3<sup>+</sup>, CD5<sup>+</sup>, CD8<sup>+</sup>, CD10<sup>+</sup>, CD16<sup>+</sup>, CD71<sup>+</sup>, HLADR<sup>+</sup> с помощью непрямой иммунопероксидазной реакции с использованием моноклональных антител. Фагоцитарную активность гранулоцитов определяли с помощью частиц латекса, фагоцитарную активность клеток считали исходя из 100%, интенсивность фагоцитоза — по фагоцитарному числу (количество латексных частиц, поглощённых одним нейтрофилом, на 100 клеток). Для каждого указанного иммунологического показателя представили параметры описательной статистики (среднее арифметическое значение и стандартная ошибка среднего). Взаимосвязь изучаемых показателей определяли непараметрическим корреляционным анализом с помощью коэффициента Спирмена. Процент дисбалансов иммунологических показателей рассчитывали по данным частоты регистрации высоких и низких концентраций с учётом пределов физиологического содержания. Анализ полученных данных проводили в прикладных программах Statistica 10.0, Microsoft Excel 2010.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Выявлено напряжение клеточного иммунитета за счёт низкого уровня активности Т-лимфоцитов с рецепторами CD3<sup>+</sup> и CD5<sup>+</sup> (95,00±1,61 и 96,66±1,63% женщин) на фоне повышения цитотоксических клеток CD8<sup>+</sup> и натуральных киллеров CD16<sup>+</sup> (53,33±1,20 и 48,33±1,14% женщин), что указывает на сокращение резервных возможностей иммунного гомеостаза. Отмечено снижение фагоцитарной активности у 20,00±0,73% обследованных и одновременное увеличение клеток CD10<sup>+</sup> — у 21,66±0,77%.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold><bold> </bold>Недостаточная активность Т-лимфоцитов<bold> </bold>с одновременным увеличением<bold> </bold>цитоксических клеток и натуральных киллеров характеризует напряжение в иммунной системе.<bold> </bold>Дефицит фагоцитарной активности ассоциирован с повышенным уровнем лимфопролиферации CD10<sup>+</sup>, что способствует сокращению резервных возможностей иммунного гомеостаза.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>背景。北极地区的不利气候和生态条件会导致机体免疫状态的改变，降低对病原微生物的整体抵抗力，并可能引发多种超敏反应和自身免疫敏感化。在免疫系统的形成和发育过程中，这些变化可能导致儿童生长迟缓，而在成年人中则可能加速早衰。</p> <p>研究目的。评估居住在俄罗斯极北地区女性的外周血淋巴细胞表型分布及中性粒细胞吞噬活性。</p> <p>材料与方法。本研究分析了居住于俄罗斯联邦极北地区（阿尔汉格尔斯克州皮涅加镇）的60名健康女性的免疫状态。受试者的平均年龄为47.76±0.94 岁。淋巴细胞表型检测：采用间接免疫过氧化物酶法，使用单克隆抗体测定外周血中CD3<sup>+</sup>、CD5<sup>+</sup>、CD8<sup>+</sup>、CD10<sup>+</sup>、CD16<sup>+</sup>、CD71<sup>+</sup>、HLA-DR+ 细胞的比例。中性粒细胞吞噬活性评估：采用乳胶颗粒吞噬实验，计算吞噬活性（%），并根据吞噬指数（每100个中性粒细胞吞噬的乳胶颗粒数）评估吞噬强度。统计分析：免疫学参数的描述性统计（均值 ± 标准误）。Spearman 秩相关系数用于非参数相关性分析。免疫参数失衡的比例基于异常浓度（高于或低于生理范围）的发生频率计算。数据分析使用 Statistica 10.0 和 Microsoft Excel 2010 进行处理。</p> <p>结果。研究发现，受试者的细胞免疫系统处于应激状态，表现为：CD3<sup>+</sup>T淋巴细胞（95.00±1.61%）和CD5<sup>+</sup>T细胞（96.66±1.63%）活性降低；细胞毒性T细胞（CD8<sup>+</sup>）（53.33±1.20%）和自然杀伤细胞（CD16<sup>+</sup>）（48.33±1.14%）数量增加。这一免疫模式可能提示机体的免疫储备能力下降。此外，20.00±0.73%的受试者表现出中性粒细胞吞噬活性降低；21.66±0.77%的受试者CD10<sup>+</sup>细胞水平升高。</p> <p>结论。T 淋巴细胞活性不足，同时细胞毒性 T 细胞和自然杀伤细胞数量增加，表明免疫系统处于持续的紧张状态。 吞噬活性的降低与 CD10<sup>+</sup>细胞增殖水平升高相关，这可能进一步削弱免疫稳态的储备能力。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Arctic</kwd><kwd>lymphocyte phenotypes</kwd><kwd>phagocytic activity</kwd><kwd>immune responses</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Север</kwd><kwd>фенотипы лимфоцитов</kwd><kwd>фагоцитарная активность</kwd><kwd>иммунные реакции</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>北极</kwd><kwd>淋巴细胞表型</kwd><kwd>吞噬活性</kwd><kwd>免疫反应</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="zh">Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>075-00700-22-00</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Gudkov AB, Degteva GN, Shepeleva OA. 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