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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экология человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-0869</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1444</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">630163</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/humeco630163</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDY ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Quantitative analysis of fat distribution in men and women: contribution of diet, physical activity, and FTO genotype</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Количественные характеристики и топография жироотложения в группе мужчин и женщин с учётом особенностей диеты, уровня физической активности и генотипа FTO</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>饮食、体力活动水平和 FTO 基因型对男性和女性体内脂肪数量和形态的影响</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3321-7575</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6732-2072</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bondareva</surname><given-names>Elvira A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бондарева</surname><given-names>Эльвира Александровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Bondareva</surname><given-names>Elvira A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><email>Bondareva.E@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7895-6887</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6237-1920</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Parfenteva</surname><given-names>Olga I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Парфентьева</surname><given-names>Ольга Ивановна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Parfenteva</surname><given-names>Olga I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><email>parfenteva.olga@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6435-7218</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1086-2105</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khromov-Borisov</surname><given-names>Nikita N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хромов-Борисов</surname><given-names>Никита Николаевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Khromov-Borisov</surname><given-names>Nikita N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><email>Nikita.KhromovBorisov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4241-3669</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3102-5599</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Popova</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попова</surname><given-names>Елена Викторовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Popova</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology);</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology);</p></bio><email>e-popova-08@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8588-3206</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5926-6356</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulemin</surname><given-names>Nikolay A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулемин</surname><given-names>Николай Александрович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Kulemin</surname><given-names>Nikolay A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><email>maveriksvao@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный научно-клинический центр физико-химической медицины им. акад. Ю.М. Лопухина</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Commission for Combating Pseudoscience of the Expert Council of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Комиссия по борьбе с лженаукой Экспертного совета РАН</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Commission for Combating Pseudoscience of the Expert Council of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Gorno-Altaisk State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Горно-Алтайский государственный университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Gorno-Altaisk State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-09-11" publication-format="electronic"><day>11</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-10-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>121</fpage><lpage>134</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-04-09"><day>09</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-08-09"><day>09</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2024,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/630163">https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/630163</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> The Russian Federation is among the top ten countries in terms of obesity prevalence among adults.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> To identify the endogenous (biological factors such as age and <italic>FTO</italic> genotype) and exogenous (diet and physical activity level) factors that influence body fat accumulation and distribution among a group of women and men from Moscow.</p> <p><bold>MATERIAL AND METHODS:</bold> A total of 464 volunteers, consisting of 231 women and 233 men aged between 18 and 60 years, from Moscow took part in a single-center, cross-sectional, observational study. The program involved measuring body height, weight, body and limb girths, as well as conducting caliperometry, bioimpedance analysis, and administering questionnaires. Indices of body fat distribution were calculated. Additionally, differences in genotype, specifically the rs9939609 T&gt;A variant in the <italic>FTO</italic> gene, were also determined.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> Maintaining a vegetarian diet for at least three years was associated with lower fat and fat-free mass, but not with abdominal fat in both men and women. Engaging in regular physical activity had the most significant impact on abdominal fat in both genders.</p> <p>Furthermore, participating in amateur or professional sports activities for a minimum of 180 minutes per week was associated with lower overall body fat. We found no association between the <italic>FTO</italic> rs9939609 gene and fat accumulation or distribution, regardless of diet and physical activity levels.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> The results suggest that vegetarian diet and regular physical activity are likely to be the most effective total and abdominal fat loss strategy for male and female adult residents of Moscow.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Российская Федерация входит в десятку стран-лидеров по ожирению у взрослого населения.</p> <p><bold>Цель. </bold>Анализ влияния эндогенных (пол, возраст, генотип <italic>FTO</italic>) и экзогенных (особенности диеты, уровень физической активности) факторов на количество жира и его топографию в группе мужчин и женщин, проживающих в Москве.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы.</bold> Проведено одноцентровое одномоментное обсервационное антропогенетическое исследование 464 добровольцев (231 женщина и 233 мужчины) в возрасте от 18 до 60 лет, проживающих в Москве. Программа обследования включала измерение длины и массы тела, обхватов корпуса и конечностей, калиперометрию, биоимпедансометрию и анкетирование. Были рассчитаны индексы топографии жироотложения, определён генотип по варианту<italic> Т/А</italic> гена <italic>FTO</italic> (<italic>rs</italic>9939609).</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Длительная (не менее трёх лет) приверженность вегетарианской диете у мужчин и женщин приводит к снижению жировой и безжировой массы тела и не влияет на выраженность абдоминального жироотложения. Наиболее выраженный эффект на снижение абдоминального жироотложения в подгруппе мужчин и женщин оказывают регулярные физические нагрузки. При этом положительное влияние на снижение количества жира оказывают и любительские, и профессиональные занятия спортом от 180 мин в неделю. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют в пользу отсутствия влияния <italic>Т/А</italic>-замены <italic>FTO </italic>на количественные характеристики жироотложения, а также его топографию в подгруппах мужчин и женщин вне зависимости от модификаций диеты и уровня физической активности.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Для взрослых мужчин и женщин, проживающих в Москве, наиболее эффективными стратегиями по снижению жирового депо и абдоминального жироотложения являются приверженность вегетарианской диете и регулярные физические нагрузки.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>理由 俄罗斯联邦是成人肥胖率最高的十个国家之一。</p> <p>目的 分析内源性因素（性别、年龄、FTO 基因型）和外源性因素（饮食特点、体育锻炼水平）对莫斯科男性和女性群体的脂肪量及其形态的影响。</p> <p>材料和方法。对居住在莫斯科的 464 名年龄在 18 至 60 岁之间的志愿者（女性 231 人，男性 233 人）进行了单中心单阶段人类遗传学观察研究。检查项目包括测量身长和体重、身体和四肢围度、卡尺测量、生物阻抗测量和问卷调查。计算了脂肪沉积地形指数，并根据 FTO 基因的 T/A 变体（rs9939609）确定了基因型。</p> <p>研究结果 男性和女性长期（至少三年）坚持素食可减少体内脂肪和去脂质量，但不会影响腹部脂肪沉积的严重程度。在男性和女性亚组中，经常参加体育锻炼对减少腹部脂肪沉积的效果最为明显。每周 180 分钟的业余和专业运动都对减少脂肪有积极作用。所获得的结果证明，无论饮食结构如何调整，无论体育锻炼水平如何，T/A 替代 FTO 对脂肪沉积的数量特征及其在男性和女性亚组中的地形没有影响。</p> <p>结论 对于生活在莫斯科的成年男性和女性来说，减少脂肪堆积和腹部脂肪沉积的最有效策略是坚持素食和定期体育锻炼。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>obesity</kwd><kwd>FTO</kwd><kwd>diet</kwd><kwd>physical activity</kwd><kwd>lifestyle</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ожирение</kwd><kwd>FTO</kwd><kwd>диета</kwd><kwd>физическая активность</kwd><kwd>образ жизни</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>肥胖</kwd><kwd>FTO</kwd><kwd>饮食</kwd><kwd>体育锻炼</kwd><kwd>生活方式。</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">РНФ</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">RSF</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="zh">RSF</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>№ 22-75-10122</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leskova IV, Ershova EV, Nikitina EA, et al. 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