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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экология человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-0869</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1444</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">630439</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/humeco630439</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDY ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Analysis of the influence of living conditions, as a collection of social factors within the environment, on mortality rates among the rural and urban populations of the Nenets autonomous okrug from 2000 to 2019</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Оценка влияния условий проживания как совокупности социальных факторов среды обитания на показатели смертности сельского и городского населения Ненецкого АО в 2000–2019 гг.</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>评估生活条件作为栖息地社会因素的集合对2000–2019年涅涅茨自治区农村和城市人口死亡率的影响</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0079-8772</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1683-1401</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dudarev</surname><given-names>Alexey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дударев</surname><given-names>Алексей Анатольевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук</p></bio><email>alexey.d@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7286-7648</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9959-9339</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dozhdikov</surname><given-names>Alexey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дождиков</surname><given-names>Алексей Викторович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>aleksejdozhdikov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Northwest Public Health Research Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северо-Западный научный центр гигиены и общественного здоровья</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-07-04" publication-format="electronic"><day>04</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-08-23" publication-format="electronic"><day>23</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>33</fpage><lpage>48</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-04-17"><day>17</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-06-07"><day>07</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2024,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/630439">https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/630439</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND</bold><bold>:</bold> Currently, in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF), there are evident indications of a deterioration in the medical and demographic situation amidst a lack of adequate social infrastructure development. For the first time, we attempted to analyze the impact of living conditions, which encompass various social factors within the habitat, shaped by the social infrastructure, on the mortality rates of the population of one of the regions within AZRF.</p> <p><bold>AIM</bold><bold>:</bold> To assess the impact of living conditions, as a set of social factors within the environment, on the mortality rates among the rural and urban populations of the Nenets autonomous okrug (NAO) in the period from 2000 to 2019.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS</bold><bold> </bold><bold>AND</bold><bold> </bold><bold>METHODS</bold><bold>:</bold> The databases “Housing and communal services and social infrastructure in NAO in 2000-2019” and “Death cases in NAO in 2000–2019” including information on the population number and age and gender structure of the NAO population across individual settlements have been collected. Using the scoring system for assessing living conditions, a ranking with subsequent division into tertiles of all rural NAO settlements was carried out according to the value of the integral index of living conditions (IILC). A comparative analysis (tertiles with the city, and tertiles with each other) of average annual age-standardized rates of overall mortality, mortality from the main causes and structural components of external causes (EC) of mortality was performed. Relative risks were calculated as the ratio of mortality rates in each tertile to the corresponding indicator for the urban population.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS</bold><bold>: </bold>Average annual standardized rates and relative risks of mortality (total, EC, drowning, freezing, alcohol poisoning and transport accidents) of the NAO population demonstrated a “step by step” increase in the sequence “city — highest tertile — middle tertile — lowest tertile”, i.e. as living conditions worsen and as the IILC decreases. Statistically significant differences were identified between the city and tertiles, as well as between the highest (“favorable” living conditions) and lowest (“unfavorable” living conditions) tertiles in terms of total mortality, mortality from EC, drowning and freezing. Mortality rates from alcohol poisoning and transport accidents also increased as living conditions worsened, although the associations did reach the level of statistical significance. With the exception of suicides, the relative risks of mortality for individual EC reached maximum values in the lowest tertile of living conditions.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION</bold><bold>: </bold>Statistically significant inverse associations between total mortality, mortality from external causes and its main structural components, and the values of the integral index of living conditions have been identified among the rural population of NAO. A decrease in living conditions was significantly associated with an increase in mortality rates and relative risks.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>В настоящее время в Арктической зоне Российской Федерации наблюдаются явные признаки ухудшения медико-демографической ситуации на фоне низкого уровня развития социальной инфраструктуры. Исследование влияния условий проживания как совокупности социальных факторов среды обитания, формируемой социальной инфраструктурой, на показатели смертности населения одного из регионов Арктической зоны Российской Федерации, проведено впервые.</p> <p><bold>Цель. </bold>Оценить влияние условий проживания как совокупности социальных факторов среды обитания на показатели смертности сельского и городского населения Ненецкого АО в 2000–2019 гг.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы. </bold>Сформированы базы данных «Жилищно-коммунальное хозяйство и социальная инфраструктура в НАО за 2000-2019 годы» и «Случаи смерти в НАО за 2000-2019 годы» (включая информацию о численности и возрастно-половой структуре населения Ненецкого АО) в разрезе отдельных населённых пунктов. С использованием разработанной балльной системы оценки условий проживания выполнено ранжирование (разделение на тертили) всех сельских населенных пунктов Ненецкого АО по величине интегрального индекса условий проживания (ИИУП). Проведён сравнительный анализ (терцили с городом, терцили друг с другом) среднегодовых стандартизованных по возрасту показателей общей смертности, смертности от основных причин и структурных компонентов внешних причин смертности. Относительные эпидемиологические риски рассчитаны как отношения показателей смертности в каждом из терцилей к соответствующему показателю для городского населения.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Среднегодовые стандартизованные показатели и относительные риски смертности (общей, от внешних причин, утоплений, замерзаний, отравлений алкоголем и транспортных несчастных случаев) населения Ненецкого АО ступенчато возрастают в последовательности «город — верхний терциль — средний терциль — нижний терциль», то есть по мере ухудшения условий проживания (по мере снижения ИИУП). Выявлены статистически значимые различия между городом и терцилями, а также между верхним (благоприятные условия проживания) и нижним (неблагоприятные условия проживания) терцилями по показателям общей смертности, смертности от внешних причин, утоплениям и замерзаниям. Показатели смертности от отравлений алкоголем и транспортных несчастных случаев также возрастают (но статистически незначимо) по мере ухудшения условий проживания. За исключением суицидов, относительные риски смертности по отдельным внешним причинам достигают максимальных значений в нижнем терциле.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Выявлены статистически значимые обратные зависимости между показателями общей смертности, смертности от внешних причин (и ее основных структурных компонентов), и величинами ИИУП сельского населения Ненецкого АО: по мере ухудшения условий проживания показатели и относительные риски смертности возрастают.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>论证。目前，在俄罗斯联邦北极地区，由于社会基础设施发展水平低，医疗和人口状况有明显恶化的迹象。作为生活环境的一系列社会因素，社会基础设施对俄罗斯联邦北极地区人口死亡率的影响研究尚属首次。</p> <p>目标。 评估2000-2019年生活条件作为栖息地社会因素对涅涅茨自治区农村和城市人口死亡率的影响。</p> <p>材料与方法。编制了 "2000-2019年涅涅茨自治区的住房和公用事业和社会基础设施 "和 "2000-2019年涅涅茨自治区的死亡人数 "数据库（包括各居住区的涅涅茨自治区人口数量和年龄性别结构的信息）。使用制定的生活条件评估评分系统，按照生活条件综合指数值对涅涅茨自治区的所有农村居民点进行了排序（分为三等分）。对总死亡率、主要死因死亡率和外部死因结构成分的年均年龄标准化比率进行了比较分析（与城市的三等分，三等分之间的比较）。相对流行病学风险的计算方法是，每个三等分层的死亡率与城市人口相应指标的比率。</p> <p>结果。涅涅茨自治区人口的年均标准化死亡率和相对死亡率（一般死亡率、外因死亡率、溺水、冰冻、酒精中毒和交通事故）按 "城市-上三等分-中三等分-下三等分 "的顺序逐步升高，即随着生活条件的恶化（下降）而上升。在一般死亡率、外因死亡率、溺水死亡率和冰冻死亡率方面，城市和三等分之间以及高（生活条件好）和低（生活条件差）三等分之间存在明显的统计学差异。随着生活条件的恶化，酒精中毒和交通事故的死亡率也在增加（但在统计上微不足道）。除自杀外，某些外部原因造成的相对死亡风险在最低三等分中达到最大值。</p> <p>结论。据统计，一般死亡率、外因死亡率（及其主要结构成分）指标与涅涅茨自治区农村人口生活条件综合指数值之间存在明显的反比关系：随着生活条件的恶化，指标值和相对死亡风险都会增加。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Arctic</kwd><kwd>Arctic Zone of the RF</kwd><kwd>Nenets AO</kwd><kwd>living conditions</kwd><kwd>social factors of the habitat</kwd><kwd>social infrastructure</kwd><kwd>mortality</kwd><kwd>external causes of death</kwd><kwd>suicides</kwd><kwd>alcohol poisonings</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Арктика</kwd><kwd>Арктическая зона РФ</kwd><kwd>Ненецкий АО</kwd><kwd>условия проживания</kwd><kwd>социальные факторы среды обитания</kwd><kwd>социальная инфраструктура</kwd><kwd>смертность</kwd><kwd>внешние причины смерти</kwd><kwd>суициды</kwd><kwd>отравления алкоголем</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>北极</kwd><kwd>俄罗斯联邦北极区</kwd><kwd>涅涅茨自治区</kwd><kwd>生活条件</kwd><kwd>居住地的社会因素</kwd><kwd>社会基础设施</kwd><kwd>死亡率</kwd><kwd>外部死因</kwd><kwd>自杀</kwd><kwd>酒精中毒</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральное бюджетное учреждение науки «Северо-Западный научный центр гигиены и общественного здоровья»</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Northwest Public Health Research Center</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dudarev AA, Dozhdikov AV. 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