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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экология человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-0869</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1444</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">632920</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/humeco632920</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDY ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Determinants of the morbidity of the rural population in Russia during the COVID-19 pandemic: a regional aspect</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Детерминанты уровня заболеваемости сельского населения Российской Федерации в период пандемии: региональный аспект</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>大流行病期间俄罗斯联邦农村人口发病率的决定因素：地区方面</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5179-7721</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bylina</surname><given-names>Svetlana G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Былина</surname><given-names>Светлана Геннадьевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Economic Sciences, Senior Researcher at the Laboratory of Social Development of the Agro-Industrial Complex and Rural Areas</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат экономических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории социального развития агропромышленного комплекса и сельских территорий</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Cand. Sci. (Economics)</p></bio><email>svbylina@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Agrarian Problems — Subdivision of the Federal State Budgetary Research Institution Saratov Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт аграрных проблем — обособленное структурное подразделение Саратовского научного центра Российской академии наук</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Institute of Agrarian Problems — Subdivision of the Federal State Budgetary Research Institution Saratov Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-07-03" publication-format="electronic"><day>03</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-08-23" publication-format="electronic"><day>23</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>22</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-05-28"><day>28</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-06-13"><day>13</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2024,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/632920">https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/632920</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>MATERIAL</bold><bold> </bold><bold>AND</bold><bold> </bold><bold>METHODS</bold><bold>:</bold> Data from the Federal State Statistics Service, as well as statistical materials from the digest “Rural Healthcare in Russia in 2021”, provided by the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Russian Research Institute of Health” of the Russian Ministry of Health were the main sources of information for this study. Analytical procedures included Pearson correlation analysis, factor analysis (principal component method), hierarchical cluster analysis, multiple linear regression with backward elimination method for selecting variables.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS</bold><bold>:</bold> Six typological groups of regions of the Russian Federation were identified based on the variations in the morbidity rates of the rural population across certain classes of diseases including infectious and parasitic diseases, neoplasms, diseases of the circulatory system, diseases of the respiratory system, digestive system, and external causes. It has been established that there was a differentiation in the regions of Russia in terms of factors influencing the morbidity rate of the rural population by the main classes of diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021. Healthcare system, medical and social factors had the greatest impact on the overall morbidity in the regions of the fourth and fifth classification groups, on the detection of some infectious and parasitic diseases in the regions of the second, fifth and sixth groups, and respiratory and digestive diseases in the third classification group. The housing quality in the regions of almost all groups was one of the most significant social factors. Economic conditions had a significant impact on the incidence of infectious and parasitic diseases in the regions of the third and sixth groups, as well as on the level of injuries and some consequences of external causes in the regions of the first and third groups. Environmental factors were significant determinants of morbidity in the regions of the fifth group. At the same time, regression analysis showed associations between selected factors for all classification groups of regions for some infectious and parasitic diseases. The smallest number of models has been defined for the incidence of neoplasms and circulatory organs.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION</bold><bold>: </bold>Contribution of socioeconomic, demographic, environmental and natural factors to rural public health should guide the development of policies aimed at development of rural healthcare taking into account regional characteristics.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование </bold>Анализ зависимости заболеваемости сельского населения от различных факторов среды обитания позволит не только оценить социально-демографические проблемы на уровне регионов Российской Федерации, но и определить направления государственной региональной политики для достижения целей национального развития.</p> <p><bold>Цель </bold>Определение детерминант уровня заболеваемости сельского населения регионов Российской Федерации, в том числе по основным классам заболеваний, среди факторов среды обитания в условиях пандемии COVID-19.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы. </bold>Исходными данными для исследования послужили материалы Федеральной службы государственной статистики, а также статистические материалы сборника «Сельское здравоохранение России в 2021 году», предоставленные Центральным научно-исследовательским институтом организации и информатизации здравоохранения. В процессе исследования использовали методы корреляции Пирсона, факторного анализа (метод главных компонент), иерархического кластерного анализа, множественной линейной регрессии (метод исключения).</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. Получено 6 типологических групп регионов Российской Федерации, отличающихся по уровню заболеваемости сельского населения основными классами болезней: некоторыми инфекционными и паразитарными болезнями, новообразованиями, болезнями органов кровообращения, дыхания, пищеварения, некоторыми последствиями воздействия внешних причин. Установлено наличие дифференциации регионов Российской Федерации по факторам влияния на уровень заболеваемости сельского населения основными классами болезней в период пандемии COVID-19 в 2021 г. Показано, что состояние системы здравоохранения и медико-социальные факторы наибольшее влияние оказывают на общий уровень заболеваемости в регионах четвёртой и пятой классификационных групп, на выявляемость некоторых инфекционных и паразитарных заболеваний — в регионах второй, пятой и шестой групп, болезней органов дыхания и пищеварения — в регионах третьей группы. Среди социальных факторов наиболее значимо качество жилья в субъектах практически всех групп. Экономические условия оказывают существенное влияние на уровень заболеваемости некоторыми инфекционными и паразитарными заболеваниями в регионах третьей и шестой групп, а также на уровень травматизма и некоторых последствий внешних причин в регионах первой и третьей групп. Экологические факторы значимы в регионах пятой группы. При этом лишь для некоторых инфекционных и паразитарных заболеваний получены регрессионные зависимости от выбранных факторов для всех классификационных групп регионов Российской Федерации. Наименьшее число моделей определено для заболеваемости новообразованиями и органов кровообращения.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Значение и вклад социально-экономических, демографических, экологических и природных факторов в формирование общественного здоровья сельского населения должны определять стратегию и тактику государственной региональной политики, направленной на развитие сельского здравоохранения с учётом региональных особенностей.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>论证。分析农村人口发病率对各种生境因素的依赖性不仅可以评估俄罗斯联邦各地区的社会人口问题，还可还可以确定国家地区政策的方向，以实现国家发展目标。</p> <p>目标。 在COVID-19大流行病的环境因素中,，确定俄罗斯联邦各区域农村人口发病率的决定因素,包括主要疾病类别。</p> <p>材料与方法。研究的原始数据来自联邦国家统计局的资料以及 Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of Ministry of Health 提供的《2021 年俄罗斯农村医疗保健》统计资料汇编。在研究过程中，我们使用了 Pearson 相关、因子分析（主成分法）、分层聚类分析、多元线性回归（排除法）等方法。</p> <p>结果。我们得出了 6 个俄罗斯联邦地区类型组，其农村人口发病率因主要疾病类别而异：某些传染病和寄生虫病、肿瘤、循环系统、呼吸和消化系统疾病以及外部原因影响的一些后果。在 2021 年 COVID-19 大流行期间，俄罗斯联邦各地区在影响农村人口主要疾病发病率的因素方面存在差异。结果表明，医疗保健系统的状况以及医疗和社会因素对第四和第五分类组地区的总体发病率影响最大；在第二、第五和第六分类组别地区，医疗保健系统的状况以及医疗和社会因素对某些传染病和寄生虫病的可检测性影响最大；在第三分类组别地区，医疗保健系统的状况以及医疗和社会因素对呼吸系统疾病和消化系统疾病的可检测性影响最大。在社会因素中，最重要的是几乎所有群体的住房质量。经济条件对第三和第六分类组别地区某些传染病和寄生虫病的发病率有显著影响，对第一和第三类组别地区的伤害率和某些外因后果也有显著影响。环境因素在第五组地区非常重要。同时，在俄罗斯联邦各地区的所有分类组中，只有某些传染病和寄生虫病与所选因素存在回归依赖关系。肿瘤和循环器官发病率的模型数量最少。</p> <p>结论。社会经济、人口、环境和自然因素在农村人口公共卫生形成过程中的重要性和作用，应根据地区特点，决定旨在发展农村医疗保健的国家地区政策的战略和策略。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rural population</kwd><kwd>morbidity</kwd><kwd>detection</kwd><kwd>regions of the Russian Federation</kwd><kwd>environmental factors</kwd><kwd>modeling</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сельское население</kwd><kwd>заболеваемость</kwd><kwd>выявляемость</kwd><kwd>регионы Российской Федерации</kwd><kwd>факторы среды обитания</kwd><kwd>моделирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>农村人口</kwd><kwd>发病率</kwd><kwd>可识别性</kwd><kwd>俄罗斯联邦地区</kwd><kwd>环境因素</kwd><kwd>建模</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Правительство РФ госзадание (государственная регистрация)</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Government of the Russian Federation state assignment (state registration)</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>1021060107276-3-5.2.1</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aksenova EI, Grechushkina NA, Kameneva TN, Kamynina NN. 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