Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)Экология человека1728-08692949-1444Eco-Vector63399910.17816/humeco633999ORIGINAL STUDY ARTICLESОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯResearch ArticlePolymorphism of genes involved in the regulation of blood pressure in elderly residents of the Arkhangelsk regionПолиморфизм генов, вовлечённых в регуляцию артериального давления, у пожилых жителей Архангельской области阿尔汉格尔斯克州老年居民中参与调节血压的基因多态性https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9346-18986326-5523BebyakovaNatalia A.БебяковаНаталья АлександровнаBebyakovaNatalia A.
Russian Federation

Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor

д-р биол. наук, профессор

Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor

nbebyakova@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9066-56875164-4187PechinkinaNatalia I.ПечинкинаНаталья ИгоревнаPechinkinaNatalia I.
Russian Federation

Junior Researcher

младший научный сотрудник

Junior Researcher

belova-8@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2588-620X9846-7867LevitskySergey N.ЛевицкийСергей НиколаевичLevitskySergey N.
Russian Federation

Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Associate Professor

канд. биол. наук, доцент

Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Associate Professor

sergeylevitski@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9425-38828015-5230ShabalinaIrina A.ШабалинаИрина АлексеевнаShabalinaIrina A.
Russian Federation

Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Associate Professor

канд. биол. наук, доцент

Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Associate Professor

ira_sha@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8902-89479296-2930KudryavtsevAlexander V.КудрявцевАлександр ВалерьевичKudryavtsevAlexander V.
Russian Federation

PhD

ispha09@gmail.comNorthern State Medical UniversityСеверный государственный медицинский университетNorthern State Medical University25102024101220243132332460207202404102024Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-VectorCopyright ©; 2024, Эко-ВекторCopyright ©; 2024,2024Eco-VectorЭко-Векторhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/633999

BACKGROUND: Living in the northern climate is associated with increased cardiovascular stress, which highlights the necessity for the study of candidate genes associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases in both the native population and newcomers. Polymorphic loci of the renin-angiotensin system, NO-synthase, and endothelin-1 system genes have been identified as contributors to cardiovascular dysfunction and age-related blood pressure shifts. It is therefore crucial to assess the genetic polymorphism in the elderly population.

AIM: To compare frequencies of gene alleles and genotypes involved in blood pressure regulation, including angiotensinogen AGT (rs699 and rs4762), angiotensin 2 type 1 receptor AGTR1 (rs5186), angiotensin converting enzyme ACE (rs4646994), endothelial NO synthase NOS3 and endothelin-1 EDN1 (rs5370) genes, in the native and non-native elderly population of the Arkhangelsk region.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a random sample of Arkhangelsk residents between the ages of 60 and 74 years (N=604, with 36.4% of males). The molecular genetic analysis was conducted to determine the alleles and genotypes of six genes that are involved in blood pressure regulation. The Stata 18.0 software was used to assess the deviations of empirical genotype distributions from the predicted Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and to compare the empirical distributions between the study groups.

RESULTS: Alleles associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases were minor in the study population. The genotype frequency distributions for the analyzed genetic variants were consistent with the Hardy–Weinberg principle, with the exception of the T704C variant of the AGT gene (rs699) in the native participants. The allele and genotype frequency distributions in the study sample were found to be similar to those reported worldwide and in European Russia. One exception was AGTR1 gene A1166C frequencies, with their 95% confidence intervals falling below the global level for both native and non-native elderly residents of the Arkhangelsk region. This may suggest that this allele is a selection variant associated with adaptation to the climate of the northern regions.

CONCLUSION: The genetic polymorphism in blood pressure regulation was found to be similar between the native and non-native populations of the Arkhangelsk region. However, the AGTR1 gene A1166C frequency among the native population and newcomers was found to be lower than that observed globally.

Обоснование. Проживание на Севере предъявляет повышенные требования к функционированию сердечно-сосудистой системы, что обусловливает необходимость изучения генов-кандидатов, связанных с риском развития сердечно-сосудистой патологии у коренных и пришлых жителей региона. Полиморфные локусы генов ренин-ангиотензиновой системы, NO-синтазы, системы эндотелина-1 участвуют в нарушениях нормального функционирования сердечно-сосудистой системы, изменяя с возрастом показатели артериального давления. По этой причине важно проводить оценку полиморфизма данных генов среди пожилых людей.

Цель. Сравнение частот аллелей генов и генотипов, вовлечённых в регуляцию артериального давления, включая гены ангиотензиногена AGT (rs699 и rs4762), рецептора 1 типа ангиотензина 2 AGTR1 (rs5186), ангиотензин-превращающего фермента ACE (rs4646994), эндотелиальной NO-синтазы NOS3 и эндотелина-1 EDN1 (rs5370), у коренных и некоренных пожилых жителей Архангельской области.

Материал и методы. Проведено поперечное исследование с использованием случайной выборки жителей Архангельска в возрасте 60–74 лет (n=604, мужчины — 36,4%). Молекулярно-генетический анализ включал определение аллелей и генотипов шести генов, вовлечённых в регуляцию артериального давления. Оценка соответствия эмпирических распределений генотипов теоретически ожидаемым по равновесию Харди–Вайнберга и сравнение эмпирических распределений в группах производили в программном обеспечении Stata 18.0.

Результаты. Аллели, ассоциированные с риском развития сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, в исследуемой популяции были минорными. Частотные распределения генотипов изучаемых вариантов нуклеотидной последовательности генов соответствовали закону Харди–Вайнберга, за исключением варианта T704C гена AGT (rs699) у коренных жителей. Не было выявлено значимых отклонений распределения частот аллелей и генотипов в изучаемой выборке от общемировых данных и от данных по жителям европейской части России, кроме частот аллеля 1166С гена AGTR1, 95% доверительные интервалы для которых у некоренных и коренных пожилых жителей Архангельской области находились ниже общемирового уровня. Это предположительно свидетельствует, что данный аллель является вариантом отбора, связанным с адаптацией к условиям Севера.

Заключение. Полиморфизм генов, вовлечённых в регуляцию артериального давления, не различался у коренных и некоренных жителей Архангельской области. Однако частоты встречаемости аллеля 1166С гена AGTR1 среди коренных и некоренных жителей области были ниже в сравнении с общемировыми данными.

背景。北方地区的生活对心血管系统提出了更高的要求，因此有必要研究与心血管疾病风险相关的候选基因，这些基因涉及本地和非本地居民。肾素-血管紧张素系统、NO合酶和内皮素-1系统基因的多态性位点与心血管系统功能异常有关，并随着年龄增长影响血压变化。因此，对老年人群中这些基因的多态性进行评估非常重要。

研究目的。比较阿尔汉格尔斯克州本地和非本地老年居民中与血压调节相关基因的等位基因频率和基因型，包括血管紧张素原AGT基因（rs699和rs4762）、血管紧张素II 1型受体AGTR1基因（rs5186）、血管紧张素转化酶ACE基因（rs4646994）、内皮型NO合酶NOS3基因和内皮素-1 EDN1基因（rs5370）。

材料和方法。本研究为横断面研究，采用随机抽样法选取阿尔汉格尔斯克市60-74岁居民（N=604，其中男性占36.4%）。分子遗传学分析包括六个与血压调节相关基因的等位基因和基因型的检测。基因型分布的观察值与哈迪-温伯格平衡的理论预期值的适配性和组间观察分布的比较在Stata 18.0软件中完成。

结果。在研究人群中，与心血管疾病风险相关的等位基因为次要等位基因。除AGT基因的T704C位点（rs699）在本地居民中外，研究基因位点的基因型频率分布符合哈迪-温伯格平衡。阿尔汉格尔斯克州老年本地和非本地居民的等位基因和基因型频率分布与全球数据和俄罗斯欧洲地区居民数据无显著差异，但AGTR1基因1166C等位基因频率的95%置信区间在本地和非本地老年居民中低于全球水平。这可能表明该等位基因是与北方环境适应相关的选择性变体。

结论。阿尔汉格尔斯克州本地和非本地居民中调节血压的基因多态性没有显著差异。然而，AGTR1基因1166C等位基因的频率在该地区本地和非本地居民中均低于全球数据。

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