Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)Экология человека1728-08692949-1444Eco-Vector63419010.17816/humeco634190REVIEWSОБЗОРЫReview ArticlePharmaceutical potential of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.)Перспективы использования растительного сырья клевера лугового (Trifolium pratense L.) в фармацевтический практике草木资源红三叶草 (Trifolium pratense L.) 在药学实践中的应用前景https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9683-78147684-8140KubasovaElena D.КубасоваЕлена ДмитриевнаKubasovaElena D.
Russian Federation

Cand. Sci. (Biology), Associate Professor

канд. биол. наук, доцент

Cand. Sci. (Biology), Associate Professor

lapkino@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3042-42291297-5590KrylovIlya A.КрыловИлья АльбертовичKrylovIlya A.
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor

д-р мед. наук, доцент

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor

krylov.ilya@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1698-64798780-4464KubasovRoman V.КубасовРоман ВикторовичKubasovRoman V.
Russian Federation

Cand. Sci. (Biology), Associate Professor

канд. биол. наук, доцент

Cand. Sci. (Biology), Associate Professor

romanas2001@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6214-307X7111-5243SukhanovAnton E.СухановАнтон ЕвгеньевичSukhanovAnton E.
Russian Federation

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor

канд. мед. наук, доцент

docpharmanton@hotmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4909-53251417-1144NezgovorovDmitry V.НезговоровДмитрий ВикторовичNezgovorovDmitry V.
Russian Federation

Cand. Sci. (Biology), Associate Professor

канд. биол. наук, доцент

Cand. Sci. (Biology), Associate Professor

konan192@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4078-48504097-5036KorobitsynAlexey P.КоробицынАлексей ПетровичKorobitsynAlexey P.
Russian Federation

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)

канд. мед. наук

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)

alkor@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9927-87988717-0391GroshilinVitaly S.ГрошилинВиталий СергеевичGroshilinVitaly S.
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

д-р мед. наук, профессор

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

groshilin@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4625-61863448-9574SafronenkoAndrey V.СафроненкоАндрей ВладимировичSafronenkoAndrey V.
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

д-р мед. наук, профессор

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

andrejsaf@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6334-11699900-8949DergousovaTatyana G.ДергоусоваТатьяна ГригорьевнаDergousovaTatyana G.
Russian Federation

Cand. Sci. (Pharmacy), Associate Professor

канд. фармацевт. наук, доцент

Cand. Sci. (Pharmacy), Associate Professor

Tatyana-701@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2782-70943980-0099GroshilinSergey M.ГрошилинСергей МихайловичGroshilinSergey M.
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

д-р мед. наук, профессор

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

9185546646@rambler.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8345-06451681-3350LinchenkoSergey N.ЛинченкоСергей НиколаевичLinchenkoSergey N.
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

д-р мед. наук, профессор

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

s_linchenko@mail.ruNorthern State Medical UniversityСеверный государственный медицинский университетNorthern State Medical UniversityRostov State Medical UniversityРостовский государственный медицинский университетRostov State Medical UniversityKuban State Medical UniversityКубанский государственный медицинский университетKuban State Medical University22102024101220243131791901012202320092024Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-VectorCopyright ©; 2024, Эко-ВекторCopyright ©; 2024,2024Eco-VectorЭко-Векторhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/634190

BACKGROUND: The development and approval of plant-derived branded drugs have emerged as promising areas in the pharmaceutical industry. Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) has historically been used in folk medicine as a source of biologically active substances with medicinal properties. Red clover is a widely abundant and easily extractable plant, offering a high cost-efficiency. Therefore, red clover extracts may reasonably be proposed as a potential source for the development of new promising pharmaceuticals.

AIM: To evaluate the pharmaceutical potential of biologically active extracts of red clover.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study involved a systematic review of scientific literature sourced from the PubMed biomedical database. A review of the literature was conducted over a 50-year period. The preliminary keyword-based search yielded 1,194 articles. Of these, 41 publications were selected for further analysis, as they were deemed to be the most relevant to the subject matter of the study.

RESULTS: Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is a widespread, perennial officinal herb. Herbal extracts have been demonstrated to have a wide range of biological activities. The majority of these compounds are isoflavones, flavonoids, saponins, clovamides, and phenolic acids. Isoflavones are phytoestrogens that have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of female reproductive system diseases. Moreover, scientific studies have evidenced their anti-inflammatory and reparative potential, along with efficacy in the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders. Flavonoids, saponins, clovamides, and phenolic acids have been documented to produce antioxidant and antiplatelet effects.

CONCLUSION: Among biologically active extracts of red clover, isoflavones have been identified as the most promising for pharmacological applications. Furthermore, there are other compounds with a well-documented therapeutic potential that require further investigation to develop novel branded drugs.

Обоснование. Перспективными направлениями в фармацевтической практике становятся создание и регистрация оригинальных лекарственных средств на основе растительного сырья. Клевер луговой (Trifolium pratense L.) с давних времён использовался в народной медицине благодаря содержанию большого количества биологически активных веществ, обладающих лечебными свойствами. Он произрастает на больших площадях, экстракты просты в процедуре извлечения из растительного сырья и имеют определённую экономическую привлекательность. В этой связи соединения, извлечённые из клевера лугового, можно рассматривать в качестве потенциальных предшественников для разработки новых перспективных фармацевтических препаратов.

Цель. Оценить перспективы использования в фармацевтической практике биологически активных веществ, извлечённых из растительного сырья клевера лугового.

Материал и методы. Проанализированы научные публикации из базы данных биомедицинских исследований PubMed, использована методика систематического обзора. Глубина поиска — 50 лет. Первоначально по ключевым словам определены 1194 статьи, из которых выделена 41 публикация, максимально приближенная к тематике исследования.

Результаты. Клевер луговой (Trifolium pratense L.) — широко распространённое многолетнее травянистое растение, относится к фармакопейной группе. Полученные из растительного сырья извлечения обладают широким спектром биологической активности. Наибольшую долю среди них составляют изофлавоны, флавоноиды, сапонины, кловамиды и фенольные кислоты. Изофлавоны обладают фитоэстрогенным эффектом, в этой связи они с успехом используются в лечении заболеваний репродуктивной системы. Кроме того, доказаны их противовоспалительные и репаративные свойства; они могут использоваться для профилактики и восстановления метаболических расстройств. Флавоноиды, сапонины, кловамиды и фенольные кислоты обладают антиоксидантным и антиагрегантным эффектами.

Заключение. Среди извлекаемых из клевера лугового биологически активных веществ наибольшее применение в фармакологической практике найдено для изофлавонов. В то же время существует ряд других потенциально эффективных соединений с известными лечебными свойствами. Требуется их дальнейшее изучение с целью создания новых оригинальных лекарственных средств.

背景。在药学实践中，基于植物资源开发和注册原创药物成为前景广阔的发展方向。红三叶草（Trifolium pratense L.）自古以来因其含有大量具有治疗作用的生物活性物质而被广泛应用于民间医学。该植物分布广泛，提取过程简便，具有一定的经济吸引力。因此，从红三叶草中提取的化合物可作为开发新型药物的潜在前体。

研究目的。评估从红三叶草植物资源中提取的生物活性物质在药学实践中的应用前景。

材料和方法。分析了来自 PubMed 生物医学研究数据库的科学文献，采用系统综述方法，搜索范围为过去 50 年。根据关键词初步筛选出 1194 篇文章，其中 41 篇与研究主题高度相关的文献被选中。

结果。红三叶草（Trifolium pratense L.）是一种广泛分布的多年生草本植物，属于药典类植物。其植物资源提取物具有广泛的生物活性，主要成分包括异黄酮、黄酮类化合物、皂苷、三叶草酰胺和酚酸。异黄酮具有植物雌激素效应，因而在治疗生殖系统疾病中被广泛应用。此外，其抗炎和修复特性已被证实，可用于预防和恢复代谢紊乱。黄酮类、皂苷、三叶草酰胺和酚酸具有抗氧化和抗聚集作用。

结论。在红三叶草中提取的生物活性物质中，异黄酮在药学实践中的应用最为广泛。同时，红三叶草中还含有许多具有已知治疗功效的潜在活性化合物，需进一步研究以开发新型原创药物。

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