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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экология человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-0869</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1444</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">634678</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/humeco634678</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Intestinal microbiota of indigenous peoples of the North: a systematic review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Кишечная микробиота коренных народов Севера (систематический обзор)</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>北方原住民的肠道微生物群（系统综述）</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1501-7433</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9571-3044</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sivtseva</surname><given-names>Tatyana M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сивцева</surname><given-names>Татьяна Михайловна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Sivtseva</surname><given-names>Tatyana M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><email>tm.sivtseva@s-vfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanova</surname><given-names>Michiye A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанова</surname><given-names>Мичийэ Анатольевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Stepanova</surname><given-names>Michiye A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Undergraduate Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>магистрант</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Undergraduate Student</p></bio><email>michiyastepanov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1395-8256</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8399-6329</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>Raisa N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>Раиса Николаевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>Raisa N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>prn.inst@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8099-2270</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4442-3374</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenov</surname><given-names>Sergey I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семенов</surname><given-names>Сергей Иннокентьевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Semenov</surname><given-names>Sergey I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>insemenov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9529-2488</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2730-0390</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Osakovsky</surname><given-names>Vladimir L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осаковский</surname><given-names>Владимир Леонидович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Osakovsky</surname><given-names>Vladimir L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><email>iz_labgene@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">North-Eastern Federal University named after M.K. Ammosov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северо-Восточный федеральный университет им. М.К. Аммосова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">North-Eastern Federal University named after M.K. Ammosov</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-01-03" publication-format="electronic"><day>03</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-20" publication-format="electronic"><day>20</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>337</fpage><lpage>351</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-07-29"><day>29</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-11-07"><day>07</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/634678">https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/634678</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>BACKGROUND:</italic></bold> The microbiota of the indigenous population of the North may play a pivotal role in the development of the polar (northern) type of metabolism supporting increased energy demands and maintaining body homeostasis in extreme cold climates. However, this area remains relatively understudied. Sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA allows for establishing the full taxonomic composition of microbial communities, thereby facilitating novel insights into the interplay between microbiota, environmental conditions, and the formation of health in different populations.</p> <p><bold><italic>AIM:</italic></bold> The aim of this review is to evaluate the factors and principles of microbiota development in extreme climatic conditions and its potential impact on health in the indigenous peoples of the North.</p> <p><bold><italic>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</italic></bold> A systematic review was conducted based on the 2020 PRISMA guidelines. Original studies were searched for across the PubMed, eLibrary, and Google Scholar databases using Russian keywords “микробиота кишечника” (“intestinal microbiota”), “Север” (“North”), and English “gut microbiome,” “16S rRNA,” and “Arctic.”</p> <p><bold><italic>RESULTS:</italic></bold> Having filtered the results of the primary selection of articles in accordance with the search criteria, five publications were identified that presented the results of intestinal microbiota 16S rRNA studies in Canadian Inuit, Alaska Natives, and Yakuts of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). The intestinal microbiota of native residents of the North differs is characterized by inter- and intra-population variability in the diversity and taxonomic composition. Despite similar climatic conditions and dietary patterns, microbiota composition of different Northern populations reflects differences in traditional activities, dietary habits, and surrounding animals.</p> <p><bold><italic>CONCLUSION:</italic></bold> Results of available studies are insufficient to form a comprehensive understanding of the northern microbiome and its role in maintaining the health of the indigenous peoples of the North. Nevertheless, the composition of the intestinal microbiota of the northern populations is shown to be diverse and favorable for the metabolic health; further studies are required to identify the mechanisms of the metabolic health formation in cold climate conditions.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Микробиота коренного населения Севера может иметь важное значение в формировании полярного (северного) типа метаболизма, направленного на обеспечение повышенных энергетических потребностей и сохранение гомеостаза организма в экстремальных условиях холодного климата, однако эта область остаётся малоизученной. Секвенирование 16S рРНК бактерий позволяет установить полный таксономический состав микробного сообщества, что открывает перспективы для изучения связи микробиоты с условиями окружающей среды и формированием здоровья в разных популяциях.</p> <p><bold>Цель.</bold> На основе обзора литературных данных оценить факторы и принципы формирования микробиоты в экстремальных климатических условиях и её возможную роль в формировании здоровья у коренных народов Севера.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. Систематический обзор проведён на основе рекомендаций PRISMA (2020 г.). Поиск источников оригинальных исследований осуществляли в базах данных PubMed, eLibrary и Google Scholar по ключевым словам: «микробиота кишечника», «Север», «gut microbiome», «16S rRNA», «Arctic».</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> После фильтрации результатов первичного отбора статей в соответствии с критериями поиска было выявлено 5 публикаций, в которых представлены результаты исследования 16S рРНК кишечной микробиоты канадских инуитов, коренных жителей Аляски, якутов Республики Саха (Якутия). Кишечная микробиота представителей народов, проживающих в условиях Севера, отличается по разнообразию и таксономическому составу как от других групп населения, так и между собой. Несмотря на имеющееся сходство климатических условий и типа питания, различия в традиционных занятиях, рационе и видах окружающих животных находят отражение в составе микробиоты разных популяций Севера.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Проведённые к настоящему времени исследования недостаточны для формирования цельного представления о северном микробиоме и его роли в сохранении здоровья коренных народов Севера. Тем не менее показано, что состав кишечной микробиоты популяций Севера разнообразен и имеет черты, благоприятные для метаболического здоровья, что требует дальнейшего изучения для выявления механизмов формирования метаболического здоровья в условиях холодного климата.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>背景。北方原住民的肠道微生物群可能在形成极地（北方）代谢类型中具有重要作用。这种代谢类型旨在满足高能量需求并在寒冷气候的极端条件下维持机体稳态。然而，该领域的研究仍然十分有限。通过16S rRNA细菌测序可以揭示微生物群的完整分类组成，为研究微生物群与环境条件的关系以及不同群体健康状况的形成机制提供了前景。</p> <p>研究目的。基于文献数据综述，评估在极端气候条件下形成肠道微生物群的因素与原则，并分析其在北方原住民健康维持中的潜在作用。</p> <p>材料与方法。本系统综述遵循PRISMA（2020年）指南。研究人员通过关键词“肠道微生物群”、“北方”、“gut microbiome”、“16S rRNA”、“Arctic”，在PubMed、eLibrary和Google Scholar数据库中搜索相关原始研究文献。</p> <p>结果。通过筛选符合搜索标准的文章，共发现5篇文献。这些文献涵盖了加拿大因纽特人、阿拉斯加原住民以及萨哈共和国（雅库特）雅库特人肠道微生物群的16S rRNA研究结果。结果表明，居住在北方地区的原住民的肠道微生物群在多样性和分类组成上不仅与其他人群不同，也因各自的传统活动、饮食结构和动物资源的差异而彼此不同。尽管气候条件和饮食类型存在一定相似性，这些差异仍显著。</p> <p>结论。目前的研究不足以全面了解北方原住民的肠道微生物群及其在健康维持中的作用。然而，现有文献表明，北方原住民的肠道微生物群具有多样性，并具备有利于代谢健康的特征。这一发现表明，需要进一步研究，以揭示寒冷气候条件下代谢健康形成的潜在机制。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gut microbiome</kwd><kwd>16S rRNA</kwd><kwd>North</kwd><kwd>adaptation</kwd><kwd>cold</kwd><kwd>Inuit</kwd><kwd>Yakut</kwd><kwd>Sakha</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кишечный микробиом</kwd><kwd>16S рРНК</kwd><kwd>Север</kwd><kwd>адаптация</kwd><kwd>холод</kwd><kwd>инуиты</kwd><kwd>якуты</kwd><kwd>саха</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>肠道微生物群</kwd><kwd>16S rRNA</kwd><kwd>北方</kwd><kwd>适应</kwd><kwd>寒冷</kwd><kwd>因纽特人</kwd><kwd>雅库特人</kwd><kwd>萨哈</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство науки и высшего образования РФ</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>FSRG-2023-0003</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shahi SK, Zarei K, Guseva NV, Mangalam AK. 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