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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экология человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-0869</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1444</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">640885</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/humeco640885</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The impact of ventilation systems on the risk of viral transmission (review article)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние систем вентиляции на риск распространения вирусов (обзорная статья)</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>通风系统对病毒传播风险的影响（综述）</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8635-1669</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2376-9125</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Abramkina</surname><given-names>Darya V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абрамкина</surname><given-names>Дарья Викторовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Abramkina</surname><given-names>Darya V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Engineering), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. техн. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>dabramkina@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5290-9162</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Verma</surname><given-names>Vishal</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Верма</surname><given-names>Вишал</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Verma</surname><given-names>Vishal</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Graduate Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант</p></bio><email>vishalverma2k16@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow State University of Civil Engineering</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный строительный университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Moscow State University of Civil Engineering</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-01-12" publication-format="electronic"><day>12</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>419</fpage><lpage>428</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-11-02"><day>02</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-11-26"><day>26</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2024,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/640885">https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/640885</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Understanding the aerosol transmission mechanism of respiratory infectious diseases is crucial for predicting indoor air circulation and optimizing ventilation system design. A literature search was conducted using various keyword combinations in the PubMed database. The selection included studies examining the impact of indoor microclimate parameters and ventilation system performance on the risk of viral transmission. Since 2020, there has been increasing interest in studying how viral infections spread via aerosols within buildings and transportation infrastructure, considering the operational conditions of engineering systems. Currently, substantial evidence supports the dependence of viral aerosol viability on indoor temperature and humidity levels. Maintaining an optimal relative humidity of 40–60% at standard room temperature is essential not only for aerosol stability but also for virus neutralization. However, there is a lack of studies investigating the effects of air mobility and indoor pollution on the stability of viral pathogens. A significant body of literature confirms the influence of ventilation system efficiency on infection risk in buildings. To reduce the spread of respiratory viruses, an air exchange rate of at least 30 m<sup>3</sup>/h per person is recommended. Based on the findings, a set of practical recommendations for ventilation system operation amidst increased disease incidence has been developed. Discrepancies between international and Russian regulatory requirements regarding indoor climate parameters and air quality standards have been identified, emphasizing the need for improved measures to mitigate the spread of respiratory infections.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Понимание механизма аэрозольной передачи респираторных инфекционных заболеваний имеет важное значение для прогнозирования воздушного режима помещений при проектировании систем вентиляции. Поиск теоретических исследований производили с помощью различных комбинаций ключевых слов в базе данных PubMed. В выборке были представлены статьи по влиянию параметров внутреннего микроклимата и условий работы вентиляционных систем на риск распространения вирусов. С 2020 г. наблюдается повышенный интерес к изучению механизма распространения вирусных инфекций посредством аэрозольной передачи внутри зданий и объектов транспортной инфраструктуры с учётом условий эксплуатации инженерных систем. В настоящее время существует серьёзная доказательная база зависимости жизнеспособности вирусных аэрозолей от температурно-влажностного режима помещений. Поддержание оптимальной относительной влажности воздуха от 40 до 60% при стандартной комнатной температуре необходимо не только с точки зрения стабильности аэрозольных систем, но и нейтрализации вирусов. Выявлено недостаточное количество исследований по влиянию подвижности и загрязнения внутренней среды на стабильность вирусных патогенов. Представлена значительная выборка статей, подтверждающих влияние эффективности работы вентиляционных систем на инфекционную нагрузку в зданиях. Для снижения риска распространения респираторных вирусов необходимо обеспечивать расход воздуха не менее 30 м<sup>3</sup>/ч на человека. На основе проведённых теоретических исследований была разработана система практических рекомендаций по режиму работы систем вентиляции в условиях роста заболеваемости. Выявлены отклонения международных и российских нормативно-технических требований по обеспечению комфортных параметров внутреннего микроклимата и качества воздушной среды с точки зрения уменьшения риска распространения респираторных заболеваний.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>了解呼吸道传染病的气溶胶传播机制对于预测室内空气流动模式和优化通风系统设计至关重要。本研究基于 PubMed 数据库，采用多种关键词组合进行文献检索，筛选了研究室内微气候参数和通风系统运行条件对病毒传播风险影响的相关论文。自 2020 年以来，关于建筑物及交通基础设施内病毒气溶胶传播机制的研究逐渐增多，并开始关注工程系统的运行条件对病毒扩散的影响。现有研究证实，病毒气溶胶的存活能力与室内温湿度条件密切相关。维持 40–60% 的相对湿度及标准室温不仅有助于降低气溶胶的稳定性，还可有效降低病毒的活性。然而，关于空气流动特性及室内污染物对病毒病原体稳定性影响的研究仍较为有限。此外，大量文献证实通风系统的效率对建筑物内感染风险有直接影响。为降低呼吸道病毒的传播风险，建议通风量至少达到每人 30 m³/h。基于本综述的研究结果，制定了在呼吸道疾病流行期间优化通风系统运行的实践建议。此外，本研究还分析了国际和俄罗斯在室内气候参数及空气质量要求方面的法规差异，强调了优化通风措施在减少呼吸道疾病传播中的关键作用。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ventilation</kwd><kwd>virus</kwd><kwd>environmental pollutants</kwd><kwd>aerosol</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вентиляция</kwd><kwd>вирус</kwd><kwd>загрязнители окружающей среды</kwd><kwd>аэрозоль</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>通风</kwd><kwd>病毒</kwd><kwd>环境污染物</kwd><kwd>气溶胶</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Vetrova EN, Chernyshova AI, Pritchina TN, et al. 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