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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экология человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-0869</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1444</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">642723</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/humeco642723</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDY ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The prevalence of unhealthy habits in residential areas and personal social circles is associated with smoking and alcohol consumption among young adults</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Распространённость вредных привычек в районе проживания и в личном окружении ассоциируется с курением и употреблением алкоголя молодёжью</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>居住地区及个人社交圈中不良习惯的流行与青少年吸烟和饮酒行为的相关性</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0545-2586</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4362-1967</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maksimov</surname><given-names>Sergey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Максимов</surname><given-names>Сергей Алексеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Maksimov</surname><given-names>Sergey A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>m1979sa@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6370-9426</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9581-1147</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotova</surname><given-names>Marina B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котова</surname><given-names>Марина Борисовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Kotova</surname><given-names>Marina B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Psychology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. психол. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Cand. Sci. (Psychology)</p></bio><email>MKotova@gnicpm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6370-0974</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsagan-Mandzhieva</surname><given-names>Galina N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цаган-Манджиева</surname><given-names>Галина Николаевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Tsagan-Mandzhieva</surname><given-names>Galina N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>gtsaganmandzhieva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2170-1821</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7743-5130</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurakin</surname><given-names>Mikhail S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куракин</surname><given-names>Михаил Сергеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Kurakin</surname><given-names>Mikhail S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Engineering), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р техн. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Dr. Sci. (Engineering), Assistant Professor</p></bio><email>kurakin1979@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8917-7299</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1741-9576</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostina</surname><given-names>Natalia G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костина</surname><given-names>Наталья Геннадьевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Kostina</surname><given-names>Natalia G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Engineering)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. техн. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Cand. Sci. (Engineering)</p></bio><email>kurakin1979@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2852-8718</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7703-6881</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolesnikov</surname><given-names>Vadim N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колесников</surname><given-names>Вадим Николаевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Kolesnikov</surname><given-names>Vadim N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Psychology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. психол. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Cand. Sci. (Psychology)</p></bio><email>kolesnikov@petrsu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4181-9034</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4757-5250</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Suvorov</surname><given-names>Valeriy V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суворов</surname><given-names>Валерий Владимирович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Suvorov</surname><given-names>Valeriy V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (History)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. ист. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Cand. Sci. (History)</p></bio><email>valeriy_s@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6610-6391</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7744-0216</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nesyna</surname><given-names>Svetlana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Несына</surname><given-names>Светлана Вадимовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Nesyna</surname><given-names>Svetlana V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Psychology), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. психол. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Cand. Sci. (Psychology), Assistant Professor</p></bio><email>nesyna@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0689-7010</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6552-0060</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikulina</surname><given-names>Marina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никулина</surname><given-names>Марина Алексеевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Nikulina</surname><given-names>Marina A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Philosophy), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. филос. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Cand. Sci. (Philosophy), Assistant Professor</p></bio><email>nikulina_marina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2024-3786</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2737-3040</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Agayan</surname><given-names>Violetta A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Агаян</surname><given-names>Виолетта Арсеновна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Agayan</surname><given-names>Violetta A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>violletta94@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7158-6123</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6416-6584</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pinchuk</surname><given-names>Yuriy S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пинчук</surname><given-names>Юрий Сергеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Pinchuk</surname><given-names>Yuriy S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>yrii07@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4453-8430</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4456-1297</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Drapkina</surname><given-names>Oksana M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Драпкина</surname><given-names>Оксана Михайловна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Drapkina</surname><given-names>Oksana M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>odrapkina@gnicpm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр терапии и профилактической медицины</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sechenov First Moscow State Medical Univesity</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Sechenov First Moscow State Medical Univesity</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kemerovo State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Кемеровский государственный университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Kemerovo State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Petrozavodsk State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Петрозаводский государственный университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Petrozavodsk State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Балтийский федеральный университет им. И. Канта</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The All-Russian State University of Justice, Rostov Law Institute (branch)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ростовский институт (филиал) Всероссийского государственного университета юстиции</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">The All-Russian State University of Justice, Rostov Law Institute (branch)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff7"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Yamal Multidisciplinary College</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ямальский многопрофильный колледж</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Yamal Multidisciplinary College</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-01-28" publication-format="electronic"><day>28</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>7</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>542</fpage><lpage>552</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-12-09"><day>09</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-01-23"><day>23</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2024,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/642723">https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/642723</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND</bold>: The impact of the prevalence of unhealthy habits in a person’s living environment on the individual likelihood of smoking and alcohol consumption in Russia remains understudied.</p> <p><bold>AIM</bold>: To analyze the associations of smoking and alcohol consumption with the prevalence of unhealthy habits in residential areas and personal social circles.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS</bold>: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022–2023 in six Russian regions, involving students in secondary and higher educational institutions. The study included 2015 men and women aged 25 years and younger. All variables were obtained through a survey method. Associations were assessed using logistic and ordinal regression analysis. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS</bold>: Living in an area with low levels of visible alcohol consumption was associated with a lower individual likelihood of smoking (OR = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.48–0.93), alcohol consumption (OR = 0.57; 95% CI: 0.43–0.76), and with lower cigarette consumption and alcohol intake volumes. An increase in the number of smokers in a person’s close social circle was associated with smoking (OR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.61–1.88), alcohol consumption (OR = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.30–1.48), higher cigarette consumption, and greater alcohol intake. A higher number of alcohol consumers in one’s immediate social environment was also associated with smoking (OR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.06–1.22), alcohol consumption (OR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.05–1.22), and greater alcohol intake.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION</bold>: The frequency of unhealthy habits within close social circles and the level of visible alcohol consumption in residential areas are associated with the individual likelihood and volume of smoking and alcohol consumption among Russian students.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Влияние распространённости вредных привычек в среде обитания человека на индивидуальную вероятность курения и употребления алкоголя в России недостаточно изучено.</p> <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Анализ ассоциаций курения и употребления алкоголя с частотой вредных привычек в районе проживания и личном окружении.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Одномоментное исследование проведено в 2022–2023 гг. в шести регионах России среди учащихся средних и высших учебных заведений. В исследование вошли 2015 мужчин и женщин до 25 лет включительно. Все исследуемые показатели получены опросным методом. Оценку ассоциаций проводили с помощью логистического и порядкового регрессионного анализа. Рассчитывали отношение шансов (ОШ) и 95% доверительный интервал (ДИ).</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Проживание в районе с низким открытым потреблением алкоголя ассоциируется со снижением индивидуальной вероятности курения (ОШ=0,67; 95% ДИ: 0,48–0,93), употребления алкоголя (ОШ=0,57; 95% ДИ: 0,43–0,76), а также количества сигарет и объёмов алкоголя. Увеличение в ближайшем круге общения количества курящих ассоциируется с курением (ОШ=1,74; 95% ДИ: 1,61–1,88), потреблением алкоголя (ОШ=1,39; 95% ДИ: 1,30–1,48), количеством сигарет и объёмом алкоголя. Увеличение в ближайшем окружении количества употребляющих алкоголь ассоциируется с курением (ОШ=1,13; 95% ДИ: 1,06–1,22), потреблением алкоголя (ОШ=1,13; 95% ДИ: 1,05–1,22), а также с объёмом алкоголя.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Частота вредных привычек в ближайшем круге общения и уровень открытого потребления алкоголя в районе проживания ассоциируются с индивидуальной вероятностью и объёмами курения и употребления алкоголя российскими учащимися.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>背景。俄罗斯居住环境中不良习惯的普及程度对个体吸烟和饮酒可能性的影响仍研究不充分。</p> <p>研究目的。研究吸烟和饮酒行为与居住地区及个人社交圈内不良习惯的普及程度之间的相关性。</p> <p>材料与方法。本研究为横断面研究，于 2022–2023 年在俄罗斯六个地区的中等和高等院校学生中进行。研究对象包括 2015 名年龄不超过 25 岁的男性和女性。所有研究数据均通过问卷调查收集。采用逻辑回归分析和有序回归分析评估相关性，并计算优势比（OR）及 95% 置信区间（CI）。</p> <p>结果。居住在低公开饮酒率地区的个体，其吸烟（OR=0.67，95% CI: 0.48–0.93）和饮酒（OR=0.57，95% CI: 0.43–0.76）的可能性较低，同时该因素还与吸烟数量和饮酒量的减少相关。在个人社交圈中，吸烟者数量的增加与个体吸烟（OR=1.74，95% CI: 1.61–1.88）、 饮酒（OR=1.39，95% CI: 1.30–1.48）、吸烟数量和饮酒量的增加相关。此外，个人社交圈中饮酒者数量的增加与个体吸烟（OR=1.13，95% CI: 1.06–1.22）、饮酒（OR=1.13， 95% CI: 1.05–1.22）及其饮酒量的增加存在统计学显著相关性。</p> <p>结论。个人社交圈内不良习惯的普及程度以及居住地区的公开饮酒水平，与俄罗斯在校学生吸烟和饮酒的个人可能性及消费量相关。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>smoking</kwd><kwd>alcohol</kwd><kwd>youth</kwd><kwd>students</kwd><kwd>residential area</kwd><kwd>social circle</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>курение</kwd><kwd>алкоголь</kwd><kwd>молодёжь</kwd><kwd>учащиеся</kwd><kwd>район проживания</kwd><kwd>круг общения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>吸烟</kwd><kwd>饮酒</kwd><kwd>青少年</kwd><kwd>学生</kwd><kwd>居住地区</kwd><kwd>社交圈</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>GBD 2021 Risk Factors Collaborators. 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