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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экология человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-0869</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1444</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">642784</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/humeco642784</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">PLMXNK</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDY ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Chemical composition of drinking water in Murmansk and Kola, element migration forms in waters and the human body, and comparison with the waters in Kirovsk</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Химический состав питьевых вод Мурманска и Колы, формы миграции элементов в водах и организме человека, сравнение с водами Кировска</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Murmansk与Kola地区饮用水的化学组成、元素迁移形态及其在人体内的转化与Kirovsk饮用水的比较研究</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2715-4021</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9034-5445</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mazukhina</surname><given-names>Svetlana I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мазухина</surname><given-names>Светлана Ивановна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Mazukhina</surname><given-names>Svetlana I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Geology and Mineralogy)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р геол.-минерал. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Dr. Sci. (Geology and Mineralogy)</p></bio><email>simazukhina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1699-7584</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1207-1383</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Drogobuzhskaya</surname><given-names>Svetlana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дрогобужская</surname><given-names>Светлана Витальевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Drogobuzhskaya</surname><given-names>Svetlana V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Geology and Mineralogy)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р геол.-минерал. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Dr. Sci. (Geology and Mineralogy)</p></bio><email>s.drogobuzhskaia@ksc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1536-921X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2479-9043</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Masloboev</surname><given-names>Vladimir A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маслобоев</surname><given-names>Владимир Алексеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Masloboev</surname><given-names>Vladimir A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Engineering), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р техн. наук; профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Dr. Sci. (Engineering), Professor</p></bio><email>v.masloboev@ksc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1325-2499</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shirokaya</surname><given-names>Anna A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Широкая</surname><given-names>Анна Александровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Shirokaya</surname><given-names>Anna A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>a.shirokaia@ksc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5973-2441</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ionov</surname><given-names>Nikolai V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ионов</surname><given-names>Николай Васильевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Ionov</surname><given-names>Nikolai V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>Nikolaiionov95@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4195-273X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6283-8010</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakrevskiy</surname><given-names>Yuriy N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Закревский</surname><given-names>Юрий Николаевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Zakrevskiy</surname><given-names>Yuriy N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>zakrev.sever@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of North Industrial Ecology Problems — Subdivision of the Federal Research Centre “Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт проблем промышленной экологии Севера — обособленное подразделение Федерального исследовательского центра «Кольский научный центр Российской академии наук»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Institute of North Industrial Ecology Problems — Subdivision of the Federal Research Centre “Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences”</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Tananaev Institute of Chemistry — Subdivision of the Federal Research Centre “Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт химии и технологии редких элементов и минерального сырья им. И.В. Тананаева — обособленное подразделение Федерального исследовательского центра «Кольский научный центр Российской академии наук»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Tananaev Institute of Chemistry — Subdivision of the Federal Research Centre “Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences”</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Murmansk Arctic University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Мурманский арктический университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Murmansk Arctic University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-11-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>11</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>787</fpage><lpage>798</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-12-11"><day>11</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-10-29"><day>29</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/642784">https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/642784</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND: </bold>This study is a logical continuation of earlier work examining the chemical composition of drinking water in various areas of the Murmansk Region and assessing its potential impact on human health. The relevance of such research is underscored by the fact that several cities and districts of the Murmansk Region exhibit disease incidence rates exceeding national averages. Thermodynamic modeling enables the application of new approaches to examining potential migration forms of chemical elements in natural waters and the formation of secondary phases, depending on various parameters (water chemistry, pH, Eh, temperature, conditions of water formation, etc.). Investigating the transformation of element species upon entry into the human body makes it possible to predict pathological conditions and, consequently, to shift toward disease prevention. Among the analyzed chemical elements, special attention was given to rare and rare earth elements, whose biological properties have attracted increasing scientific interest both in Russia and internationally.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> This work aimed to assess the complete chemical composition of drinking water from centralized water supply systems in the administrative districts of Murmansk and to compare it with the chemical composition of water from the Central water intake facility in Kirovsk with respect to maximum permissible concentrations, biologically significant concentrations, and the assessment of their potential health relevance.</p> <p><bold>METHODS: </bold>Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, potentiometry, and titrimetry were employed. Thermodynamic calculations were performed using physico-chemical (thermodynamic) modeling implemented in the Selector software package.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS: </bold>Significant differences in chemical composition were identified among the three districts of Murmansk and Kola. The chemical composition of water from the Pervomaysky district was characterized by comparatively higher concentrations of Y, Zr, La, Ce, and U. Comparison of drinking water from Murmansk districts with water from the Central intake (Kirovsk) showed higher levels of Ca, Mg, Sr, Ba, La, and Ce, and lower levels of F<sup>-</sup>, Al, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, U, and pH. Changes in the migration forms of elements and the formation of newly formed phases were demonstrated both in tap water and under gastric conditions.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION: </bold>Drinking water distributed across Murmansk districts is low-mineralized. Except for silicon, the concentrations of macroelements and essential elements do not reach the lower limits of biologically significant concentrations. The water contains rare and rare earth elements for which biologically significant concentration thresholds have not yet been established. Thermodynamic modeling showed that, upon entering the gastrointestinal tract, these elements change their migration forms and become more mobile. The work presents preliminary data on the migration forms of lanthanides under varying gastric conditions, whose chlorides may influence blood coagulation.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Представленная работа является логическим продолжением изучения химического состава питьевых вод в разных регионах Мурманской области, оценке их влияния на здоровье человека. Актуальность подобных исследований вызвана превышением среднероссийских показателей заболеваемости в ряде городов и районов Мурманской области. Использование моделирования позволяет осуществлять новые подходы к рассмотрению вопросов возможных форм миграций химических элементов в природных водах и формирования новообразованных фаз в зависимости от различных параметров (химического состава воды, рН, Eh, температуры, условий её формирования и др.). Изучение трансформации форм элементов при поступлении в организм человека даёт возможность прогнозирования патологических состояний и, как следствие, перехода к профилактике заболеваний. Среди определяемых химических элементов особое внимание уделено группам редких и редкоземельных, поскольку изучению их биологических свойств в последние годы уделяется особо пристальное внимание как в России, так и за рубежом.</p> <p><bold>Цель<italic>.</italic></bold> Изучение полного химического состава питьевых вод централизованного водоснабжения округов Мурманска и сравнение их с химическим составом вод водозабора «Центральный» Кировска с точки зрения предельно допустимых концентраций и биологически значимых концентраций, а также оценка полезности.</p> <p><bold>Методы. </bold>Использованы масс-спектрометрия с индуктивно связанной плазмой, потенциометрия, титриметрия. Термодинамические расчёты выполнены с помощью метода физико-химического (термодинамического) моделирования, реализованного в программном комплексе «Селектор».</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Показано различие химического состава вод в трёх округах Мурманска и Колы. Химический состав вод Первомайского округа отличается от вод других округов сравнительно более высокими концентрациями Y, Zr, La, Ce, U. Сопоставление химических составов вод округов Мурманска с химическим составом питьевых вод водозабора «Центральный» (Кировск) указывает на более высокие концентрации Са, Mg, Sr, Ba, La, Ce и более низкие концентрации F<sup>-</sup>, Al, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, U и рН. Показано изменение форм миграции элементов и новообразованных фаз в водопроводных водах и при параметрах желудка человека.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Питьевые воды, разводимые по сетям в округах Мурманска, являются маломинерализованными по всем элементам, кроме кремния, концентрации макро- и эссенциальных элементов в питьевых водах Мурманска не достигают нижних значений биологически значимых концентраций. Воды содержат редкие и редкоземельные элементы, для которых не определены уровни биологически значимых концентраций. С помощью термодинамического моделирования показано, что эти элементы при поступлении с водой в желудочно-кишечный тракт будут изменять формы миграции, станут более подвижными. В работе представлены в первом приближении формы миграции лантаноидов при разных параметрах желудка человека, хлориды которых влияют на свёртываемость крови.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>论证。本研究是此前对Murmansk州不同地区饮用水化学组成及其对人体健康影响分析工作的逻辑延续。研究的现实意义在于：Murmansk州部分城市和行政区的疾病发病率高于全俄平均水平。使用建模可以在研究自然水中化学元素可能的迁移形态及新生相的形成时，采用新的研究方法，这些过程取决于多种参数（如水的化学组成、pH、Eh、温度、水体形成条件等）。研究元素进入人体后其化学形态的转化，有助于预测潜在病理过程并开展疾病预防。在所测定的化学元素中，特别关注稀散元素和稀土元素，因为近年俄罗斯和国外对其生物学性质的研究尤为重视。</p> <p>目的。研究Murmansk市不同区集中供水饮用水的完整化学组成，并与Kirovsk Central取水口饮用水的化学组成进行比较，从最高允许浓度和生物学意义浓度角度进行评估，并评价其潜在有益性。</p> <p>方法。使用电感耦合等离子体质谱法、电位分析法和滴定分析法。热力学计算采用物理化学（热力学）建模方法，在Selector软件中完成。</p> <p>结果。结果显示，Murmansk市三个区与Kola市的饮用水化学组成存在差异。Pervomaysky区的饮用水化学组成与其他区不同，表现为较高的Y、Zr、La、Ce和U含量。将Murmansk各区饮用水与Kirovsk Central取水口饮用水进行比较发现：前者具有更高浓度的Ca、Mg、Sr、Ba、La、Ce，且F<sup>-</sup>、Al、NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>、Na<sup>+</sup>、HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>、U以及pH值更低。结果显示，元素的迁移形态及新生相在自来水条件下和人体胃部参数下均发生变化。</p> <p>结论。Murmansk各区供水属于低矿化度饮用水，除硅外，其宏量和必需微量元素浓度均未达到生物学意义浓度的下限。水中含有稀有和稀土元素，而其生物学意义浓度尚未确定。热力学建模显示，这些元素进入胃肠道后迁移形态将改变，迁移性增强。本文在初步层面呈现了镧系元素在人体胃部不同参数下的迁移形态，其中其氯化物会影响血液凝固。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>drinking water</kwd><kwd>inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry</kwd><kwd>thermodynamic modeling</kwd><kwd>maximum permissible concentrations</kwd><kwd>biologically significant concentrations</kwd><kwd>rare earth elements</kwd><kwd>uranium</kwd><kwd>health</kwd><kwd>Murmansk</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>питьевые воды</kwd><kwd>масс-спектрометрия с индуктивно связанной плазмой</kwd><kwd>термодинамическое моделирование</kwd><kwd>предельно допустимые концентрации</kwd><kwd>биологически значимые концентрации</kwd><kwd>редкоземельные элементы</kwd><kwd>уран</kwd><kwd>здоровье</kwd><kwd>Мурманск</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>饮用水</kwd><kwd>电感耦合等离子体质谱法</kwd><kwd>热力学建模</kwd><kwd>最高允许浓度</kwd><kwd>生物学意义浓度</kwd><kwd>稀土元素</kwd><kwd>铀</kwd><kwd>健康</kwd><kwd>Murmansk</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="zh">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>24-17-00114</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Improving the quality of drinking water supply in the Murmansk region as part of the implementation of the federal Clean Water project for 2019–2024. 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