<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экология человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-0869</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1444</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">642908</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/humeco642908</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">FNULXK</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Mental ecology in the social challenges’ age: focus on the depressive and anxiety disorders’ comorbidity</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Ментальная экология в эпоху социальных вызовов: фокус на коморбидность депрессивных и тревожных расстройств</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>社会挑战时代的精神生态学： 聚焦抑郁症和焦虑症的并发症</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5116-836X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2406-9046</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasileva</surname><given-names>Anna V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильева</surname><given-names>Анна Владимировна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Vasileva</surname><given-names>Anna V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><email>annavdoc@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8798-3702</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4799-4121</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karavaeva</surname><given-names>Tatiana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Караваева</surname><given-names>Татьяна Артуровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Karavaeva</surname><given-names>Tatiana A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><email>tania_kar@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9020-3271</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3247-3178</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Radionov</surname><given-names>Dmitriy S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Радионов</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Сергеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Radionov</surname><given-names>Dmitriy S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dumradik@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8653-8183</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1478-0297</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Starunskaya</surname><given-names>Diana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Старунская</surname><given-names>Диана Андреевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Starunskaya</surname><given-names>Diana A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dianastarunskaya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9024-5960</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2431-1397</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Andrianova</surname><given-names>Alexsandra E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андрианова</surname><given-names>Александра Евгеньевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Andrianova</surname><given-names>Alexsandra E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>alexsandra0013@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology named after V.M. Bekhterev</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии им. В.М. Бехтерева</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology named after V.M. Bekhterev</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint-Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Saint-Petersburg State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Centre of Oncology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Петрова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Centre of Oncology</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology named after V.M. Bekhterev</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии им. В.М. Бехтерева</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-03-23" publication-format="electronic"><day>23</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-04-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>9</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>635</fpage><lpage>646</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-12-13"><day>13</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-02-13"><day>13</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/642908">https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/642908</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This review presents a systematization of information on the clinical characteristics of comorbidity of depressive and anxiety disorders, including stress-associated disorders, taking into the framework of mental ecology’s paradigm. It explores the key issues of etiopathogenetic models and ways to optimize personalized therapy for this category of patients, aimed at reducing medical and social risks and strengthening mental health in the face of modern social challenges. The methodological basis for the work was the materials of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the open sources of the Scopus and Web of Science databases on the problems of comorbidity, depression and anxiety disorders. The analysis included studies with quantitative data, including systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Taking into account the growth of scientific activity, an analysis of both published articles and preprints in Russian and English was carried out. The search was carried out using combinations of keywords and a control vocabulary query covering the terms: mental ecology, comorbidity, depression, anxiety disorders, stress, post-traumatic stress disorder, personalized treatment. To assess the medical and social risks, a search was also carried out on alcohol dependence and alcohol abuse, a common problem among this group of patients.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Данный обзор представляет систематизацию сведений о клинических характеристиках коморбидности депрессивных и тревожных расстройств, включая стресс-ассоциированные расстройства, в рамках парадигмы ментальной экологии. В нём исследуются ключевые вопросы этиопатогенетических моделей и способы оптимизации персонализированной терапии этой категории пациентов, направленные на уменьшение медико-социальных рисков и укрепление ментального здоровья в условиях современных социальных вызовов. Методической основой для работы стали материалы Всемирной организации здравоохранения и открытые источники баз данных Scopus и Web of Science по проблемам коморбидности депрессии и тревожных расстройств. Проанализировали исследования с количественными данными, включая систематические обзоры и метаанализы. С учётом роста научной активности рассматривали как опубликованные статьи, так и препринты на русском и английском языках. Поиск осуществляли по комбинациям ключевых слов и контрольному словарному запросу, охватывающим термины «ментальная экология», «коморбидность», «депрессия», «тревожные расстройства», «стресс», «посттравматическое стрессовое расстройство», «персонализированное лечение». Для оценки медико-социальных рисков также осуществляли поиск материалов по вопросам алкогольной зависимости и злоупотребления алкоголем — распространённым проблемам среди данной группы пациентов.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>本综述是在精神生态学范式下，对抑郁症和焦虑症的合并症，包括压力相关障碍，这些症状的临床特征信息的系统整理。文中研究的是病因病理学模型的关键问题，以及这类患者优化个性化治疗的方法，针对在现代社会挑战条件下，减少医疗社会风险，加强心理健康。本研究的方法论基础是世界卫生组织的资料，以及Scopus和Web of Science数据库中有关抑郁症和焦虑症的并发症问题的公开资料。分析了包含系统综述和荟萃分析的定量研究数据。鉴于科学活动的增长，此文不仅作为发表文章，而且翻译为俄文和英文。搜索使用了关键词组合和检索词汇查询，涵盖“精神生态学”、“并发症”、“抑郁症”、“焦虑症”、“压力”、 “创伤后应激障碍”和 “个性化治疗”等术语。为了评估医疗和社会风险，对酒精依赖和酗酒问题的资料进行了搜索，这些都是这类患者的常见问题。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mental ecology</kwd><kwd>comorbidity</kwd><kwd>depression</kwd><kwd>anxiety disorders</kwd><kwd>stress</kwd><kwd>post-traumatic stress disorder</kwd><kwd>alcohol dependence</kwd><kwd>alcohol abuse</kwd><kwd>personalized treatment</kwd><kwd>remission stabilization</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ментальная экология</kwd><kwd>коморбидность</kwd><kwd>депрессия</kwd><kwd>тревожные расстройства</kwd><kwd>стресс</kwd><kwd>посттравматическое стрессовое расстройство</kwd><kwd>алкогольная зависимость</kwd><kwd>злоупотребление алкоголем</kwd><kwd>персонализированное лечение</kwd><kwd>стабилизация ремиссии</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>精神生态学</kwd><kwd>并发症</kwd><kwd>抑郁症</kwd><kwd>焦虑症</kwd><kwd>压力</kwd><kwd>创伤后应激障碍</kwd><kwd>酒精依赖</kwd><kwd>酒精滥用</kwd><kwd>个性化治疗</kwd><kwd>缓解稳定</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="zh">Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>XSOZ 2024 0014</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Bronfenbrenner U. Environments in developmental perspective: theoretical and operational models. In: Friedman SL, Wachs TD, editors. Measuring environment across the life span: Emerging methods and concepts. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 1999. P. 3–28. doi: 10.1037/10317-001</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Navarro JL, Tudge JRH. Technologizing Bronfenbrenner: neo-ecological theory. Curr Psychol. 2022;21:1–17. doi: 10.1007/s12144-022-02738-3</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Reupert A. A socio-ecological framework for mental health and well-being. Advances in Mental Health. 2017;15(2):105–107. doi: 10.1080/18387357.2017.1342902</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Slimmen S, Timmermans O, Lechner L, Oenema A. A socio-ecological approach of evidence on associations between social environmental factors and mental health outcomes of young adults: A systematic review. Social Sciences &amp; Humanities Open. 2024;10:101068. doi: 10.1016/j.ssaho.2024.101068</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Sidorov PI. Mental ecology of social epidemies. Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology). 2014;21(1):37–48. doi: 10.17816/humeco17273 EDN: RYIESD</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Rozanov VA, Laskaja DA, Radionov DS, Ruzhenkova VV. Psychosocial stress and its consequences among modern university students: the megalopolis factor. Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology). 2023;30(11):805–820. doi: 10.17816/humeco622862 EDN: DQOUPY</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Sidorov PI. Mental terrorism of hybrid wars and asymmetric defense synergetics. Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology). 2014;21(11):38–54. doi: 10.17816/humeco17187 EDN: SYZHTB</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Fadhlia T. The socio-ecological factors associated with resilience in refugees: a systematic scoping review. PsyArXiv Preprints. 2023, July 7. doi: 10.31234/osf.io/bu8ka</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Ventriglio A, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Torales J, et al. New approaches for mental health of social minorities. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2022;34(7-8):760–769. doi: 10.1080/09540261.2022.2133993</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Bhugra D, Killaspy H, Kar A, et al. IRP commission: sexual minorities and mental health: global perspectives. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2022;34(3-4):171–199. doi: 10.1080/09540261.2022.2045912</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Hoppen TH, Priebe S, Vetter I, Morina N. Global burden of post-traumatic stress disorder and major depression in countries affected by war between 1989 and 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Glob Health. 2021;6(7):e006303. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006303</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Vasileva AV, Neznanov NG, Soloviev AG. Mental ecology in the structure of the COVID-19 pandemic (review). Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology). 2022;29(7):461–469. doi: 10.17816/humeco81183 EDN: JIHLGS</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Javaid SF, Hashim IJ, Hashim MJ, et al. Epidemiology of anxiety disorders: global burden and sociodemographic associations. Middle East Current Psychiatry. 2023;30:44. doi: 10.1186/s43045-023-00315-3</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Morina N, Stam K, Pollet TV, Priebe S. Prevalence of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder in adult civilian survivors of war who stay in war-afflicted regions. A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. J Affect Disord. 2018;239: 328–338. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.07.027</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Steel Z, Chey T, Silove D, et al. Association of torture and other potentially traumatic events with mental health outcomes among populations exposed to mass conflict and displacement: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2009;302(5):537–549. doi: 10.1001/jama.2009.1132</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Ng LC, Stevenson A, Kalapurakkel SS, et al. National and regional prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder in sub-Saharan Africa: а systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med. 2020;17(5):e1003090. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003090</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Charlson F, van Ommeren M, Flaxman A, et al. New WHO prevalence estimates of mental disorders in conflict settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2019;394(10194):240–248. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30934-1</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Ichitovkina EG, Sakovich PV, Soloviev AG, Zhernov SV. Preclinical online sсreening for stress-associated disorders in combatants. Psychiatry. 2024;22(2):46–53. doi: 10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-2-46-53 EDN: OEOEEN</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Kivorkova AYu, Soloviev AG. Social-psychological disadaptation and rehabilitation directions for the members of military families. V.M. Bekhterev Review of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology. 2017;(2):3–9. EDN: ZBKATJ</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Bedaso A, Duko B. Epidemiology of depression among displaced people: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res. 2022;311:114493. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114493</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Schouler-Ocak M, Moran JK. Anxiety and mood disorders in forcibly displaced people across the world. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2024;37(1):18–22. doi: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000904</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Madoro D, Kerebih H, Habtamu Y, et al. Post-traumatic stress disorder and associated factors among internally displaced people in South Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2020;16:2317–2326. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S267307</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Ricci F, Torale J, Bener A, et al. Mental health of ethnic minorities: the role of racism. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2023;35(3-4):258–267. doi: 10.1080/09540261.2023.2189951</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Chumakov EM, Ashenbrenner YV, Petrova NN, et al. Mental health, minority stress and discrimination against transgender people: a cross-sectional survey in Russia. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2023;35 (3–4):331–338. doi: 10.1080/09540261.2023.2182668</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Tineo P, Lowe SR, Reyes-Portillo JA, Fuentes MA. Impact of perceived discrimination on depression and anxiety among Muslim college students: The role of acculturative stress, religious support, and Muslim identity. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 2021;91(4):454–463. doi: 10.1037/ort0000545</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Otte C. Incomplete remission in depression: role of psychiatric and somatic comorbidity. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2008;10(4):453–460. doi: 10.31887/DCNS.2008.10.4/cotte</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Ferrari AJ, Charlson FJ, Norman RE, et al. Burden of depressive disorders by country, sex, age, and year: findings from the global burden of disease study 2010. PLoS Med. 2013;10(11):e1001547. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001547</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Drapkina OM, Kontsevaya AV, Kalinina AM, et al. Comorbidity of patients with noncommunicable diseases in general practice. Eurasian guidelines. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2024;23(3):113–418. doi: 10.15829/1728-8800-2024-3996 EDN: AVZLPJ</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Karavaeva TA, Vasileva AV, Radionov DS, et al. Clinical and etiopathogenetic aspects of depressive and anxiety disorders’ comorbidity: towards the problem of achieving stable remission. V.M. Bekhterev Review of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology. 2024;58(4-1):23–33. doi: 10.31363/2313-7053-2024-975 EDN: ABLZDL</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Kotova OV, Belyaev AA, Akarachkova ES. State-of-the-art diagnostic and treatment modalities for anxiety and depression. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(10):648–653 doi: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-10-648-653 EDN: CQIXKM</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Petrova NN, Palkin YuR, Faddeev DV, Zinovieva AG. Comorbidity of depression and anxiety in clinical practice. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2021;121(4):31–37. doi: 10.17116/jnevro202112104131 EDN: RTIDHH</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Möller HJ, Bandelow B, Volz HP, et al. The relevance of 'mixed anxiety and depression' as a diagnostic category in clinical practice. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2016;266(8):725–736. doi: 10.1007/s00406-016-0684-7</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Feinstein AR. The pre-therapeutic classification of co-morbidity in chronic disease. J Chronic Dis. 1970;23(7):455–468. doi: 10.1016/0021-9681(70)90054-8</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Maj M. “Psychiatric comorbidity”: an artefact of current diagnostic systems? Br J Psychiatry. 2005;186:182–184. doi: 10.1192/bjp.186.3.182</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Malygin YаV, Orlova AS, Malygin VL. Conceptualization of comorbid anxiety and depressive disorders and approaches to their managing. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2022;122(6):48–54. doi: 10.17116/jnevro202212206148 EDN: XAHKZY</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Radionov DS, Karavayeva TA, Vasilyeva AV, et al. Peculiarities of alcohol abuse by individuals with neurotic spectrum anxiety disorders. Clinical aspects and issues of psychotherapy. Journal of Addiction Problems. 2023;35(3):27–50. EDN: AQBTRS</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Radionov DS, Karavaeva TA. Clinical characteristics of patients with anxiety disorders who have a certain level of alcohol consumption. Journal of Addiction Problems. 2024;36(3):56–71. EDN: QTPZUV</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Ter Meulen WG, Draisma S, van Hemert AM, et al. Depressive and anxiety disorders in concert-A synthesis of findings on comorbidity in the NESDA study. J Affect Disord. 2021;284:85–97. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.02.004</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Struijs SY, de Jong PJ, Jeronimus BF, et al. Psychological risk factors and the course of depression and anxiety disorders: A review of 15 years NESDA research. J Affect Disord. 2021;295:1347–1359. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.086</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Ruitenberg GM, Booij SHS, Batelaan NMN, et al. Transdiagnostic factors predicting the 2-year disability outcome in patients with anxiety and depressive disorders. BMC Psychiatry. 2023;23(1):443. doi: 10.1186/s12888-023-04919-1</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Goldberg D. Plato versus Aristotle: categorical and dimensional models for common mental disorders. Compr Psychiatry. 2000;41(2 Suppl 1): 8–13. doi: 10.1016/s0010-440x(00)80002-4</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>Helzer JE, Kraemer HC, Krueger RF. The feasibility and need for dimensional psychiatric diagnoses. Psychol Med. 2006;36(12):1671–1680. doi: 10.1017/S003329170600821X</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>Insel T, Cuthbert B, Garvey M, et al. Research domain criteria (RDoC): toward a new classification framework for research on mental disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167(7):748–751. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09091379</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><mixed-citation>Kotov R, Krueger RF, Watson D, et al. The Hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology (HiTOP): A dimensional alternative to traditional nosologies. J Abnorm Psychol. 2017;126(4):454–477. doi: 10.1037/abn0000258</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><mixed-citation>Michelini G, Palumbo IM, DeYoung CG, et al. Linking RDoC and HiTOP: A new interface for advancing psychiatric nosology and neuroscience. Clin Psychol Rev. 2021;86:102025. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102025</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><mixed-citation>Kircanski K, LeMoult J, Ordaz S, et al. Investigating the nature of co-occurring depression and anxiety: Comparing diagnostic and dimensional research approaches. J Affect Disord. 2017;216:123–135. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.006</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B47"><label>47.</label><mixed-citation>Choi KW, Kim YK, Jeon HJ. Comorbid anxiety and depression: clinical and conceptual consideration and transdiagnostic treatment. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2020;1191:219–235. doi: 10.1007/978-981-32-9705-0_14</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B48"><label>48.</label><mixed-citation>van Loo HM, Beijers L, Wieling M, et al. Prevalence of internalizing disorders, symptoms, and traits across age using advanced nonlinear models. Psychological Medicine. 2023;53(1):78–87. doi: 10.1017/S0033291721001148</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B49"><label>49.</label><mixed-citation>Neznanov NG, Vasilyeva AV, Salagay OO. The role of psychotherapy as a medical specialty in public health. Public Health. 2022;2(2):40–57. doi: 10.21045/2782-1676-2022-2-2-40-57 EDN: DVNJTE</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B50"><label>50.</label><mixed-citation>Psychotherapy: a national guide. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media Publishing Group Limited Liability Company; 2023. 992 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B51"><label>51.</label><mixed-citation>Bandelow B, Allgulander C, Baldwin DS, et al. World federation of societies of biological psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders — Version 3. Part I: Anxiety disorders. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2023;24(2):79–117. doi: 10.1080/15622975.2022.2086295</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B52"><label>52.</label><mixed-citation>Karavaeva TA, Vasileva AV, Poltorak SV, et al. Principles and algorithms of neurotic level anxiety disorders (anxiety-phobic, panic and generalized anxiety disorder psychopharmacological treatment). V.M. Bekhterev Review of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology. 2016;(1):3–9. EDN: WFETFJ</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B53"><label>53.</label><mixed-citation>Gómez Penedo JM, Flückiger C. Interpersonal problems as a predictor of outcome in psychotherapy for depressive and anxiety disorders: а multilevel meta-analysis. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2023;91(10):562–573. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000828</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B54"><label>54.</label><mixed-citation>Nowak J, Nikendei C, Rollmann I, et al. Characterization of different types of anxiety disorders in relation to structural integration of personality and adverse and protective childhood experiences in psychotherapy outpatients — a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry. 2023;23(1):501. doi: 10.1186/s12888-023-04988-2</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B55"><label>55.</label><mixed-citation>Rueff M, Reese G. Depression and anxiety: A systematic review on comparing ecotherapy with cognitive behavioral therapy. Journal of Environmental Psychology. 2023;90:102097. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvp.2023.102097</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B56"><label>56.</label><mixed-citation>Cuijpers P, Sijbrandij M, Koole SL, et al. The efficacy of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy in treating depressive and anxiety disorders: a meta-analysis of direct comparisons. World Psychiatry. 2013;12(2):137–148. doi: 10.1002/wps.20038</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B57"><label>57.</label><mixed-citation>Barlow DH, Harris BA, Eustis EH, Farchione TJ. The unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders. World Psychiatry. 2020;19(2):245–246. doi: 10.1002/wps.20748</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B58"><label>58.</label><mixed-citation>Carlucci L, Saggino A, Balsamo M. On the efficacy of the unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev. 2021;87: 101999. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2021.101999</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B59"><label>59.</label><mixed-citation>Antuña-Camblor C, Gómez-Salas FJ, Burgos-Julián FA, et al. Emotional regulation as a transdiagnostic process of emotional disorders in therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2024;31(3):e2997. doi: 10.1002/cpp.2997</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B60"><label>60.</label><mixed-citation>Merzel C, D'Afflitti J. Reconsidering community-based health promotion: promise, performance, and potential. Am J Public Health. 2003;93(4):557–574. doi: 10.2105/ajph.93.4.557</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B61"><label>61.</label><mixed-citation>Neznanov NG, Vasileva AV. Digitalization in mental health care. New opportunities for specialists and patients. National Health Care. 2023;4(2):15–24. doi: 10.47093/2713-069X.2023.4.2.15-24 EDN: ZEHQGY</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B62"><label>62.</label><mixed-citation>Chekhonadsky II, Skripov VS, Semenova NV, et al. Capabilities of telemedicine consultations of patients with mental disorders. Russian Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. 2021;24(9):74–78. doi: 10.17116/profmed20212409174 EDN: XNYBUY</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B63"><label>63.</label><mixed-citation>Vasileva AV, Karavaeva TA, Radionov DS. Post-traumatic stress disorder psychotherapy — integrating the experience of an emergency. Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy. 2023;31(3):47–68. doi: 10.17759/cpp.2023310303 EDN: ITHMHZ</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B64"><label>64.</label><mixed-citation>Burchert S, Alkneme MS, Alsaod A, et al. Effects of a self-guided digital mental health self-help intervention for Syrian refugees in Egypt: а pragmatic randomized controlled trial. PLoS Med. 2024;21(9):e1004460. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004460</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B65"><label>65.</label><mixed-citation>Liem A, Natari RB, Jimmy, Hall BJ. Digital health applications in mental health care for immigrants and refugees: a rapid review. Telemed J E Health. 2021;27(1):3–16. doi: 10.1089/tmj.2020.0012</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B66"><label>66.</label><mixed-citation>Fabian KE, Foster KT, Chwastiak L, et al. Adapting a transdiagnostic digital mental health intervention for use among immigrant and refugee youth in Seattle: a human-centered design approach. Transl Behav Med. 2023;13(11):867–875. doi: 10.1093/tbm/ibad041</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B67"><label>67.</label><mixed-citation>Turner S, Mota N, Bolton J, Sareen J. Self-medication with alcohol or drugs for mood and anxiety disorders: а narrative review of the epidemiological literature. Depress Anxiety. 2018;35(9):851–860. doi: 10.1002/da.22771</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B68"><label>68.</label><mixed-citation>Voepel-Lewis T, Stoddard SA, Ploutz-Snyder RJ, et al. Effect of comorbid psychologic and somatic symptom trajectories on early onset substance use among U.S. youth in the ABCD study. Addict Behav. 2025;160:108181. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108181</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B69"><label>69.</label><mixed-citation>Cooper ML, Russell M, Skinner JB, et al. Development and validation of a three dimensional measure of drinking motives. Psychol Assess. 1992;4:123–132. doi: 10.1037/1040-3590.4.2.123</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B70"><label>70.</label><mixed-citation>Klimanova SG, Berezina AA, Trusova AV, et al. The relationship between clinical characteristics of patients with alcohol use disorder and drinking motives. V.M. Bekhterev Review of Psychiatry and Medical Рsychology. 2022;56(4):63–76. doi: 10.31363/2313-7053-2022-4-63-76 EDN: EHFFQI</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B71"><label>71.</label><mixed-citation>Ferrie ML, Lheureux A, Vujanovic AA, et al. Co-occurring posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and alcohol use behaviors: the mediating role of drinking to cope with PTSD symptoms. J Dual Diagn. 2023;19(4):221–230. doi: 10.1080/15504263.2023.2260326</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B72"><label>72.</label><mixed-citation>Goldstein AL, Vilhena-Churchill N, Stewart SH, et al. Coping motives as moderators of the relationship between emotional distress and alcohol problems in a sample of adolescents involved with child welfare. Adv Ment Health. 2012;11(1):67–75.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B73"><label>73.</label><mixed-citation>Dyer ML, Heron J, Hickman M, Munafò MR. Alcohol use in late adolescence and early adulthood: The role of generalized anxiety disorder and drinking to cope motives. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2019;204:107480. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.04.044</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
