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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экология человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-0869</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1444</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">643126</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/humeco643126</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">RYSREI</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDY ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Content of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in diets of rural adolescents: association with lipid peroxidation processes</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Содержание насыщенных и ненасыщенных жирных кислот в рационе сельских подростков: взаимосвязь с процессами перекисного окисления липидов</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>农村青少年膳食中饱和与不饱和脂肪酸含量：与脂质过氧化过程的相关性</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3255-2013</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3327-4213</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Darenskaya</surname><given-names>Marina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Даренская</surname><given-names>Марина Александровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Darenskaya</surname><given-names>Marina A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor of Russian Academy of Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, профессор РАН</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor of Russian Academy of Sciences</p></bio><email>marina_darenskaya@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2910-0737</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1369-6575</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rychkova</surname><given-names>Lyubov V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рычкова</surname><given-names>Любовь Владимировна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Rychkova</surname><given-names>Lyubov V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Corresponding Member of Russian Academy of Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Corresponding Member of Russian Academy of Sciences</p></bio><email>rychkova.nc@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1427-4734</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3596-8613</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Astakhova</surname><given-names>Tatyana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Астахова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Александровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Astakhova</surname><given-names>Tatyana A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>tatjana_astahova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8533-3119</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6059-0340</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pogodina</surname><given-names>Anna V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Погодина</surname><given-names>Анна Валерьевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Pogodina</surname><given-names>Anna V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>pogodina_av@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2850-9066</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolgikh</surname><given-names>Olga A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долгих</surname><given-names>Ольга Александровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Dolgikh</surname><given-names>Olga A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>iphr@sbamsr.irk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5075-8560</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Klimkina</surname><given-names>Yuliana N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Климкина</surname><given-names>Юлиана Николаевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Klimkina</surname><given-names>Yuliana N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>yuliana_29@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9812-8836</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1340-4457</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yuzvak</surname><given-names>Natalya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юзвак</surname><given-names>Наталья Александровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Yuzvak</surname><given-names>Natalya A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>iuzvak.n@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3354-2992</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1584-0281</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolesnikova</surname><given-names>Lyubov I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колесникова</surname><given-names>Любовь Ильинична</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Kolesnikova</surname><given-names>Lyubov I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, академик РАН</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p></bio><email>kolesnikova20121@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научный центр проблем здоровья семьи и репродукции человека</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-04-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-06-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>10</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>768</fpage><lpage>779</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-12-18"><day>18</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-03-11"><day>11</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/643126">https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/643126</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> <italic>Balanced nutrition</italic> is a key component in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. An adequate intake of fatty acids in the adolescent diet can contribute to resistance against adverse environmental factors. The activity of lipid peroxidation reactions and the antioxidant defense system serves as an indicator of the body’s resistance to adverse influences and its adaptive capacity. However, rural adolescents remain an understudied population.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> To characterize the fatty acid composition of the diets, assess parameters of the lipid peroxidation–antioxidant defense system, and examine potential correlations between them in rural adolescents.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> A cross-sectional analysis was conducted among 76 adolescents (38 boys and 38 girls) aged 14–17 years residing in rural areas of Irkutsk Region. Actual dietary intake was assessed using the 24-hour dietary recall method and compared to established physiological requirements for energy and nutrients. Parameters of the lipid peroxidation–antioxidant defense system were evaluated using spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> The dietary status of rural adolescents was characterized by elevated intake of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and a deficiency in polyunsaturated omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. Notably low intake levels were observed for monounsaturated (myristoleic, palmitoleic) and polyunsaturated (alpha-linolenic, arachidonic, docosahexaenoic, and eicosapentaenoic) fatty acids. Blood analyses in adolescents revealed elevated levels of secondary end products of lipid peroxidation, α-tocopherol, and reduced glutathione, along with decreased levels of primary products, total antioxidant activity, and retinol. Correlation analysis revealed associations between ketodienes and conjugated trienes and estimated dietary level of oleic acid; TBA-reactive substances and arachidonic acid; total antioxidant activity and caprylic and lauric acids; superoxide dismutase activity and estimated dietary level of docosahexaenoic; α-tocopherol and behenic acid. Multiple positive correlations were found between oxidized glutathione and estimated dietary level of caprylic, lauric, palmitic, and stearic acids, total monounsaturated fatty acids, palmitoleic acid, and oleic acid.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> Estimated intake levels of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids help identify dietary deficiencies in rural adolescents and may be associated with high systemic lipid peroxidation activity.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Сбалансированное питание является важнейшим компонентом профилактики сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Достаточный уровень жирных кислот в рационе питания подросткового населения, безусловно, может выступать условием резистентности к неблагоприятным факторам. Активность реакций перекисного окисления липидов и антиоксидантной защиты позволяет оценить устойчивость к негативным воздействиям и определяет адаптивные реакции организма. Не до конца обследованными являются подростки, проживающие на территориях сельских поселений.</p> <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Определить характеристики жирно-кислотного состава пищевого рациона, уровень показателей системы «перекисное окисление липидов–антиоксидантная защита», а также возможные корреляции между ними у подростков, проживающих в сельской местности.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Проведён анализ данных (посредством метода поперечного исследования) 76 подростков (38 юношей и 38 девушек) 14–17 лет, проживающих на сельских территориях Иркутской области. Для оценки фактического питания подростков применяли метод 24-часового воспроизведения питания. Полученные значения сравнивали с нормами физиологических потребностей в энергии и пищевых веществах. Анализ системы «перекисное окисление липидов–антиоксидантная защита» осуществляли с помощью спектрофотометрических и флуорометрических методов исследования.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Пищевой статус сельских подростков характеризовался более высоким потреблением насыщенных и мононенасыщенных жирных кислот при дефиците полиненасыщенных Омега-3 и Омега-6 жирных кислот. Выявлены низкие уровни потребления мононенасыщенных (миристолеиновой, пальмитолеиновой) и полиненасыщенных (альфа-линоленовой, арахидоновой, докозагексановой и эйкозапентаеновой) жирных кислот. В крови подростков отмечены высокие значения вторичных, конечных продуктов перекисного окисления липидов, α-токоферола и восстановленного глутатиона, сниженные уровни первичных продуктов, общей антиокислительной активности и ретинола. Корреляционные зависимости были обнаружены в отношении кетодиенов и сопряжённых триенов с расчётными значениями олеиновой кислоты, продуктов, реагирующих с тиобарбитуровой кислотой, с арахидоновой, общей антиокислительной активности с каприловой и лауриновой кислотами, активности супероксиддисмутазы от расчётного уровня докозагексановой, α-токоферола с бегеновой кислотой. Множественные корреляции положительной направленности выявлены в отношении окисленного глутатиона: с расчётными уровнями каприловой, лауриновой, пальмитиновой, стеариновой, общим показателем мононенасыщенных жирных кислот, пальмитолеиновой и олеиновой жирных кислот.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Расчётные показатели потребления насыщенных и ненасыщенных жирных кислот позволяют выявить алиментарные дефициты в питании подростков и предположительно связать их с высокой активностью процессов липопероксидации на системном уровне.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>背景。均衡膳食是心血管疾病预防的关键因素之一。青少年膳食中充足的脂肪酸摄入，无疑是其抵御不良环境因素的一个重要条件。脂质过氧化反应与抗氧化防御反应的活性，有助于评估个体对不利因素的抵抗能力，并决定其适应性反应。生活在农村地区的青少年尚未被充分研究。</p> <p>目的。明确农村青少年膳食中脂肪酸组成的特征，评估其“脂质过氧化–抗氧化防御”系统的相关指标，并分析二者之间的可能关联。</p> <p>材料与方法。采用横断面研究方法，分析了Irkutsk州农村地区76名14–17岁青少年（38名男生、38名女生）的数据。通过24小时膳食回顾法评估实际摄入，并将其与能量和营养素生理需求标准进行对比。“脂质过氧化–抗氧化防御”系统指标通过分光光度法和荧光光度法测定。</p> <p>结果。农村青少年膳食中饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸摄入较高，而Omega-3和Omega-6多不饱和脂肪酸摄入不足。检测到单不饱和脂肪酸（如肉豆蔻烯酸、棕榈油烯酸）和多不饱和脂肪酸（如α-亚麻酸、花生四烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸和二十碳五烯酸）的摄入水平偏低。在青少年血液中检测到脂质过氧化的终产物、α-生育酚和还原型谷胱甘肽水平升高，而初级产物、总抗氧化活性和视黄醇水平降低。相关性分析显示：酮二烯和共轭三烯与估算的油酸摄入量相关；TBA活性产物与花生四烯酸相关；总抗氧化活性与辛酸和月桂酸相关；超氧化物歧化酶活性与估算的二十二碳六烯酸摄入量相关；α-生育酚与二十二碳酸相关。发现氧化型谷胱甘肽与以下脂肪酸的估算水平之间存在多重正相关：辛酸、月桂酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、总单不饱和脂肪酸、棕榈油烯酸和油酸。</p> <p>结论。膳食中饱和与不饱和脂肪酸的估算摄入量可用于识别农村青少年营养摄入的不足，并可能与系统性脂质过氧化过程的活性升高相关。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>saturated and unsaturated fatty acids</kwd><kwd>actual nutrition</kwd><kwd>lipid peroxidation</kwd><kwd>antioxidant defense</kwd><kwd>rural adolescents</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>насыщенные и ненасыщенные жирные кислоты</kwd><kwd>фактическое питание</kwd><kwd>перекисное окисление липидов</kwd><kwd>антиоксидантная защита</kwd><kwd>сельские подростки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>饱和与不饱和脂肪酸</kwd><kwd>实际膳食</kwd><kwd>脂质过氧化</kwd><kwd>抗氧化防御</kwd><kwd>农村青少年</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Martinchik AN, Baturin AK, Keshabyants EE, et al. 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