Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)Экология человека1728-08692949-1444Eco-Vector64318710.17816/humeco643187ORIGINAL STUDY ARTICLESОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯResearch ArticleTrends in the physical development of preschool children in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia)Тенденции изменений физического развития дошкольников Республики Саха (Якутия)萨哈共和国（雅库特）学龄前儿童身体发育变化趋势https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5386-90828896-9019PopovValery I.ПоповВалерий ИвановичPopovValery I.
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

д-р мед. наук, профессор

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

9038504004@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7348-99848285540900Y-8078-20184269-6361SkoblinaNatalia A.СкоблинаНаталья АлександровнаSkoblinaNatalia A.
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

д-р мед. наук, профессор

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

skoblina_dom@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5879-23878847-5922ZhukovOleg F.ЖуковОлег ФёдоровичZhukovOleg F.
Russian Federation

Cand. Sci., Associate Professor

канд. пед. наук, доцент

Cand. Sci., Associate Professor

ofzhukov@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8766-39362911-1365SemenovYuri I.СемёновЮрий ИвановичSemenovYuri I.
Russian Federation
yra_semen1109@mail.ruVoronezh State Medical UniversityВоронежский государственный медицинский университет им. Н.Н. БурденкоVoronezh State Medical UniversityRussian National Research Medical University named after N.I. PirogovРоссийский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. ПироговаRussian National Research Medical University named after N.I. PirogovInstitute of Special Education of Russian Academy of EducationИнститут коррекционной педагогики Российской академии образованияInstitute of Special Education of Russian Academy of EducationАutonomous Non-profit Organization for the Harmonious development of Children "Laboratory of Childhood" of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)Автономная некоммерческая организация гармоничного развития детей «Лаборатория детства» Республики Саха (Якутия)Аutonomous Non-profit Organization for the Harmonious development of Children "Laboratory of Childhood" of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)04022025261220243175535591812202428012025Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-VectorCopyright ©; 2024, Эко-ВекторCopyright ©; 2024,2024Eco-VectorЭко-Векторhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/643187

AIM: To study the trends in the physical development of preschool children living in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A study of the physical development of preschool children in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) was conducted in 2024. The main group consisted of 126 boys and 120 girls. For comparison, data on the physical development of preschool children in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) from 2002 were used. The comparison group included 90 boys and 79 girls. The study complied with biomedical ethics requirements. Data were processed using the Statistica 13 PL statistical software package.

RESULTS: In 2024, the body length of boys and girls increased gradually from ages five to six, with boys surpassing girls, which corresponds to the general growth and development patterns. In all age and sex groups of preschool children in 2024, there was a trend toward an increase in the mean values of body length, body mass, and functional indicators—muscle strength and vital lung capacity—compared to 2002.

CONCLUSION: In preschool children of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), there is a trend toward increased body length with increased body mass and accelerated biological maturation, as well as favorable changes in functional indicators, which may suggest signs of acceleration in the region.

Цель исследования. Изучение тенденций физического развития дошкольников, проживающих в Республике Саха (Якутия).

Материалы и методы. В 2024 г. проведено изучение физического развития дошкольников Республики Саха (Якутия). В основную группу вошли 126 мальчиков и 120 девочек. Для сравнения использовали данные о физическом развитии дошкольников Республики Саха (Якутия), полученные в 2002 г. В группу сравнения вошли 90 мальчиков и 79 девочек Исследование соответствовало требованиям биомедицинской этики. Для обработки данных использовали пакет статистических программ Statistica 13 PL.

Результаты. В 2024 г. у мальчиков и девочек показатели длины тела плавно нарастают от пяти к шести годам, мальчики превосходят девочек, что соответствует закономерностям роста и развития. Во всех возрастно-половых группах дошкольников в 2024 г. наблюдается тенденция к увеличению средних значений показателей длины тела, массы и функциональных показателей — мышечной силы и жизненной ёмкости лёгких по сравнению с 2002 г.

Заключение. У дошкольников Республики Саха (Якутия) наблюдается тенденция к увеличению длины тела, массы тела и ускорению сроков биологического созревания, а также изменяются функциональные показатели, что может свидетельствовать о проявлениях процесса акселерации в регионе.

研究目的。研究萨哈共和国（雅库特）（Republic of Sakha, Yakutia）学龄前儿童身体发育的变化趋势。

材料与方法。2024年，研究了萨哈共和国（雅库特）学龄前儿童的身体发育情况。主要研究对象包括126名男孩和120名女孩。为了进行对比，使用了2002年萨哈共和国（雅库特）学龄前儿童的身体发育数据，比较组包括90名男孩和79名女孩。研究符合生物医学伦理要求。 数据处理使用Statistica 13 PL统计软件。

结果。2024年，男孩和女孩的身高在5至6岁期间呈平滑增长趋势，男孩的身高超过女孩，这符合生长发育的规律。在2024年的所有年龄和性别组中，学龄前儿童的身高、体重以及功能性指标（如肌肉力量和肺活量）均较2002年有所提高。

结论。萨哈共和国（雅库特）学龄前儿童身高、体重增长以及生物学成熟加速的趋势，结合功能性指标的改善，可能表明该地区出现加速现象。

physical developmentchildrenlong-term dynamicsaccelerationфизическое развитиедетимноголетняя динамикаакселерация身体发育儿童多年动态加速现象Petrova EV. Homo informaticus: biological and socioanthropotechnical evolution. Humanitarian Vector. 2022;17(2):25–34. doi: 10.21209/1996-7853-2022-17-2-25-34 EDN: LVBNNDLebedeva LS, Kucherova YuA, Godina EZ. Cartographic method for studying secular trend in male stature in Russia and neighboring countries in the 19–20th centuries. Lomonosov Journal of Anthropology (Moscow University Anthropology Bulletin). 2022;(1):41–53. doi: 10.32521/2074-8132.2022.1.041-053 EDN: RIWYZYPopov VI, Ushakov IB, Levushkin SP, et al. Long-term dynamics of the physical development of children in Russia. Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology). 2022;29(2):119–128. doi: 10.17816/humeco96734 EDN: LEWQYCSafonenkova EV. Secular trend and development prospects (literature review). Journal of New Medical Technologies, Eedition. 2022;16(3):83–90. doi: 10.24412/2075-4094-2022-3-3-4 EDN: URHUXGSaldan IP, Filippova SP, Zhukova OV, et al. Current trends in changes of physical development indicators of children and adolescents. Bulleten Medicinskoj Nauki. 2019;(1):14–20. doi: 10.31684/2541-8475.2019.1(13).14-20 EDN: KCYDDWEgorova GA, Kuchma VR, Skoblina NA, Timofeev VN. Factors affecting the physical development of children living in Vilyuysky Ulus of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). RUDN Journal of Medicine. 2005;(2):85–91. (In Russ.) EDN: NYAIIDEverstova AV, Petrova PG, Egorova GA. Physical development of Yakut preschool-age children living in rural area of the RS (Y). Yakut Medical Journal. 2006;(2):20–23. EDN: KGLEGRBurtseva TE. Physical development of RS (Y) children: age and ethnic features. Yakut Medical Journal. 2010;(2):5–6. EDN: OYPEWZBaranov AA, Kuchma VR, Sukhareva LM, et al. Universal assessment of the physical development of younger schoolchildren. Moscow: NCSD of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences; 2010. 34 р. (In Russ.) EDN: XUSPVBMarinova LG, Markova SV, Zakharova NM, et al. Physical development of preschool children of municipal districts of the republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Yakut Medical Journal. 2023;3(3):58–61. doi: 10.25789/YMJ.2023.83.14 EDN: FXTONAMarinova LG, Markova SV, Egorova VB, et al. Physical development of preschool children in the city of Yakutsk, republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Treatment and Prevention. 2024;14(1):21–27. EDN: PJFNYMKuchma VR, Skoblina NA, Milushkina OYu, Bokareva NA. Comparative analysis of physical and biological development of schoolchildren in Moscow. Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian Journal. 2012;91(4):47–52. EDN: PTUMXPPavlovskaja VS, Kalishev MG, Rogova SI. Long-term dynamics of changes of anthropometrical indices of school students. Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian Journal. 2020;99(3):286–290. doi: 10.33029/0016-9900-2020-99-3-286-290 EDN: BRGTFTYatsenko AK, Pervov YuYu, Trankovskaya LV. Regional features dentition in preschool and primary school age in Vladivostok. Russian Journal of Dentistry. 2017;21(1):45–49. doi: 10.18821/1728-28022017;21(1)45-49 EDN: YHTGNPYatsenko AK, Pervov YuYu, Trankovskaya LV, Kutuzova NV. Influence of biological factors on secondary dentition in children aged 3–11 years in Vladivostok. Medical Newsletter of Vyatka. 2019;(2):22–26. EDN: CQACOPPopov VI. Hygienic characteristics of approaches, characterizing the age features and health indicators of children, adolescents and youth. Health Care of the Russian Federation. 2019;63(4):199–204. doi: 10.18821/0044-197X-2019-63-4-199-204 EDN: CBQIZOMarfusalova VP, Sakerdonova AS. A study of the readiness of children of small indigenous peoples of the North to study at school (based on the material of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). European Social Science Journal. 2018;(10):331–336. EDN: DHVKOHLevushkin SP, Sonkin VD, Platonova RI. Schoolchildren's physical development rating cross-regional analysis in different regions of the Russian Federation. Fizicheskaya Kultura: Vospitanie, Obrazovanie, Trenirovka. 2018;(6):22–24. EDN: YMRBLNBerezina NO, Nikitina MA, Khramtsov PI. Characteristics of functional capacities in present-day preschool children. Russian Pediatric Journal. 2011;(3):39–42. EDN: NXBJUNGerasimova AA, Krivolapchuk LI, Chernova MB. Alue of digital load and features of the functional state ofpreschoolers with high and low physical activity. Uchenye Zapiski Universiteta Imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2021; (10):86–93. doi: 10.34835/issn.2308-1961.2021.10.p86-93 EDN: IYABSJ