<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экология человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-0869</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1444</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">643342</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/humeco643342</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">UPXDLG</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDY ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Effects of vaping on the tactile sensitivity of the oral mucosa</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние вейпинга на тактильную чувствительность слизистой оболочки полости рта</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>电子烟对口腔粘膜触觉敏感性的影响</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2281-1333</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3537-8929</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shklyaev</surname><given-names>Aleksey E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шкляев</surname><given-names>Алексей Евгеньевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Shklyaev</surname><given-names>Aleksey E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>shklyaevaleksey@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1588-1862</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3592-1773</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Malakhova</surname><given-names>Inessa G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малахова</surname><given-names>Инесса Геннадьевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Malakhova</surname><given-names>Inessa G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>inessa78@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9076-4486</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khamidullina</surname><given-names>Venera A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хамидуллина</surname><given-names>Венера Альбертовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Khamidullina</surname><given-names>Venera A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>venerochka200@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Izhevsk State Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ижевская государственная медицинская академия</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Izhevsk State Medical Academy</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-02-11" publication-format="electronic"><day>11</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-27" publication-format="electronic"><day>27</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>8</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>567</fpage><lpage>574</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-12-23"><day>23</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-01-28"><day>28</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2024,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/643342">https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/643342</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> The rapid spread of vaping, which directly impacts the oral mucosa, highlights the importance of evaluating its effect on tactile sensitivity in electronic cigarette users.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> To clarify the characteristics of tactile sensitivity of the oral mucosa in electronic cigarette users.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS:<italic> </italic></bold>The study included 80 participants (mean age 23.5±0.2 years), divided into two groups: the observation group (40 regular electronic cigarette users) and the comparison group (40 never-smokers). Each participant underwent an objective dental examination and an assessment of tactile discrimination sensitivity at four alveolar zone points (upper and lower jaws, left and right) using Weber’s compass. Statistical analysis included the calculation of mean values, standard errors, and significance testing using Student’s <italic>t</italic>-test.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> Physical oral examination revealed that the prevalence of gingivitis among electronic cigarette users was six times higher, whereas dental calculus was 7.5 times more frequently relative to the comparison group. The DMF index was 57.1% higher in the vaping group, whereas the Green–Vermillion hygiene index was 109.1% higher. Assessment of tactile discrimination sensitivity revealed that its threshold was significantly higher in electronic cigarette users than in non-smokers. On the upper jaw, sensitivity thresholds in vapers were 1.5 times higher (left: 7.71±0.30 mm, right: 7.63±0.27 mm) compared to non-smokers (left: 5.15±0.06 mm, right: 5.10±0.08 mm). On the lower jaw, the difference was even more pronounced: 2.3 times higher on the left side (13.33±0.49 mm in vapers and 5.69±0.05 mm in non-smokers) and 2.5 times higher on the right side (12.85±0.55 mm in vapers and 5.18±0.05 mm in non-smokers).</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> The use of electronic cigarettes is accompanied by a significant deterioration in the hygienic condition of the oral mucosa and a reduction in its tactile sensitivity, which may lead to the latent progression of inflammatory and degenerative processes in the oral and dentoalveolar system.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Стремительное распространение вейпинга, оказывающего непосредственное действие на слизистую оболочку полости рта, придаёт актуальность оценке её тактильной чувствительности у пользователей электронных сигарет.</p> <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Уточнить особенности тактильной чувствительности слизистой оболочки полости рта у пользователей электронных сигарет.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В исследовании приняли участие 80 человек (средний возраст 23,5±0,2 года), из которых было сформировано две группы: наблюдения (40 человек, регулярно использующих электронные сигареты) и сравнения (40 никогда не куривших). У каждого обследуемого оценивали объективные стоматологические показатели и тактильную дискриминационную чувствительность в четырёх точках альвеолярной зоны (на верхней и нижней челюстях, слева и справа) с помощью циркуля Вебера. Статистическая обработка включала вычисление средних величин, их ошибок, статистической значимости различий по <italic>t</italic>-критерию Стьюдента.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Объективное исследование полости рта выявило, что частота гингивита у потребителей электронных сигарет в 6 раз выше, зубного камня — в 7,5 раза выше, чем в группе сравнения. Индекс КПУ у курящих на 57,1% выше, чем у некурящих, а индекс гигиены по Грину–Вермиллиону — на 109,1%. При оценке тактильной дискриминационной чувствительности установлено, что её порог у курящих электронные сигареты на верхней челюсти с обеих сторон был в 1,5 раза выше (слева 7,71±0,30 мм, справа 7,63±0,27 мм), чем у некурящих (слева 5,15±0,06 мм, справа 5,10±0,08 мм), на нижней челюсти слева — в 2,3 раза (13,33±0,49 мм и 5,69±0,05 мм соответственно), справа — в 2,5 раза (12,85±0,55 мм и 5,18±0,05 мм соответственно).</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Использование электронных сигарет сопровождается существенным ухудшением гигиенического состояния слизистой оболочки полости рта и вызывает снижение её тактильной чувствительности, что приводит к латентному прогрессированию воспалительных и дистрофических процессов слизистой и зубочелюстного аппарата.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>论证。电子烟的迅速普及直接影响口腔粘膜，使评估电子烟使用者的口腔粘膜触觉敏感性具有重要现实意义。</p> <p>目的。明确电子烟使用者口腔粘膜触觉敏感性的特征。</p> <p>材料与方法。研究共纳入80名受试者（平均年龄 23.5±0.2 岁），分为两组：观察组（40人，定期使用电子烟）和对照组（40人，从未吸烟）。对所有受试者进行客观的口腔检查，并使用韦伯触觉辨别测试测量上、下颌左右四个牙槽区的触觉辨别敏感性。统计分析包括均值计算、标准误差计算，并使用Student’s t检验 进行组间差异显著性分析。</p> <p>结果。口腔检查显示，电子烟使用者牙龈炎发生率较对照组高6倍，牙石形成率高7.5倍。龋失补指数（DMF index）较非吸烟者高57.1%，Greene-Vermillion口腔卫生指数高 109.1%。在触觉辨别敏感性测试中发现，电子烟使用者的触觉阈值较非吸烟者显著升高：上颌两侧分别高 1.5 倍（左侧7.71±0.30 mm，对照组5.15±0.06 mm；右侧7.63±0.27 mm，对照组5.10±0.08 mm）；下颌左侧高 2.3 倍（13.33±0.49 mm，对照组 5.69±0.05 mm），右侧高 2.5 倍（12.85±0.55 mm，对照组 5.18±0.05 mm）。</p> <p>结论。电子烟的使用导致口腔粘膜卫生状况显著恶化，并降低其触觉敏感性，从而引起口腔粘膜及牙颌系统炎症和营养不良性病变的潜在进展。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>vaping</kwd><kwd>electronic cigarettes</kwd><kwd>oral mucosa</kwd><kwd>tactile sensitivity</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вейпинг</kwd><kwd>электронные сигареты</kwd><kwd>слизистая оболочка полости рта</kwd><kwd>тактильная чувствительность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>电子烟使用</kwd><kwd>电子烟</kwd><kwd>口腔粘膜</kwd><kwd>触觉敏感性。</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Podzolkov VI, Vetluzhskaya MV, Abramova AA, et ak. Vaping and vaping-associated lung injury: a review. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv. 2023;95(7):591–596. doi: 10.26442/00403660.2023.07.202293 EDN: DZLOFU</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Novoselova EN. Fight against smoking as a factor of healthy lifestyle. Moscow State University Bulletin. Series 18. Sociology and Political Science. 2019;25(4):309–324. doi: 10.24290/1029-3736-2019-25-4-309-324 EDN: QJAHIO</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Miech R, Johnston L, O'Malley PM, et al. Adolescent vaping and nicotine use in 2017–2018 — U.S. national estimates. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(2):192–193. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc1814130</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Miklyaev SV, Blokhina NA, Chuprikov NS. The impact of conventional cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and tobacco heating systems on the oral mucosa. Parodontologiya. 2024;29(2):235–242. doi: 10.33925/1683-3759-2024-877 EDN: ERSKMM</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Gaur S, Agnihotri R. Health effects of trace metals in electronic cigarette aerosols. a systematic review. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2019;188(2):295–315. doi: 10.1007/s12011-018-1423-x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Behar RZ, Luo W, McWhirter KJ, et al. Analytical and toxicological evaluation of flavor chemicals in electronic cigarette refill fluids. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):8288. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-25575-6</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Galikhanova YuI, Shklyaev AE, Pantyukhina AS, et al. Impact of electronic cigarettes on acid-forming and motor functions of the stomach. The Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine. 2023;16(6):14–18. doi: 10.20969/VSKM.2023.16(6).14-18 EDN: IMOQJH</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Kazarin DD, Shklyaev AE, Pantyuhina AS, et al. Characterizing the electrical activity of gastrointestinal tract parts in users of electronic nicotine delivery systems. The Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine. 2024;17(2):45–51. doi: 10.20969/VSKM.2024.17(2).45-51 EDN: KVCDIG</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Galikhanova YuI, Shklyaev AE, Pantyukhina AS, Gorbunov YuV. Impact of electronic cigarettes on quality of life. Bulletin of Dagestan State Medical Academy. 2023;(2):11–14. EDN: VJUKFC</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Kaladze NN, Gorobets SM, Gorobets IV, et al. Analysis of the influence of electronic cigarettes (wapes) on dental status. Crimean Journal of Internal Diseases. 2020;(3):74–79. EDN: RWJGLQ</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Cullen KA, Ambrose BK, Gentzke AS, et al. Notes from the field: use of electronic cigarettes and any tobacco product among middle and high school students-United States, 2011–2018. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018;67(45):1276–1277. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6745a5</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Romanenko IG, Gorobets IV, Gorobets SM, et al. The effect of electronic cigarettes on the oral microbiome and antibacterial properties of saliva. Medicinskij vestnik Severnogo Kavkaza. 2023;18(4):423–428. doi: 10.14300/mnnc.2023.18101 EDN: HFBRXE</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Emelina ES, Dorofeev AE, Emelina GV, et al. The effect of smoking with a steam cocktail on the oral cavity. Challenges in Modern Medicine. 2021;44(2):200–208. doi: 10.52575/2687-0940-2021-44-2-200-208 EDN: YNWMXK</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Dorofeev AE, Sevbitov AV, Zaborskaya PA, et al. Results of a biochemical study of saliva in elderly people using steam cocktails. Challenges in Modern Medicine. 2023;46(2):155–165. doi: 10.52575/2687-0940-2023-46-2-155-165 EDN: ONYSBV</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Chaffee BW. Electronic cigarettes: trends, health effects and advising patients amid uncertainty. J Calif Dent Assoc. 2019;47(2):85–92.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Arutyunov AS, Pertsov SS, Muslov SA, Shanidze ZL. The study of thresholds of pain sensitivity of oral mucosa to mechanical stimuli. Russian Journal of Dentistry. 2018;22(1):11–17. doi: 10.18821/1728-2802-2018-22-1-11-17 EDN: JVTDKM</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Shemonaev VI, Maloletkova AA, Ryzhova IP. The features of tactile sensitivity of human oral mucosa. Challenges in Modern Medicine. 2011;14(10):228–230. EDN: OONXHX</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Iordanishvili AK, Belskikh OA, Tishkov DS, et al. Features of oral cavity and tongue mucosa functioning in chronic renal and intestinal diseases and endocrine pathology. Kursk Scientific and Practical Bulletin Man and His Health. 2015;(4):30–36. EDN: VJKGCB</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
