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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экология человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-0869</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1444</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">643357</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/humeco643357</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDY ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Analysis of research directions on the application of respiratory gas mixtures in extreme medicine</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анализ направлений научных исследований по применению газовых дыхательных смесей в экстремальной медицине</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>极端医学中呼吸气体混合物应用的科学研究趋势分析</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6998-1669</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1256-5967</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Aleksanin</surname><given-names>Sergey S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексанин</surname><given-names>Сергей Сергеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Aleksanin</surname><given-names>Sergey S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>aleks.serg@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0771-2102</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57197809577</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">LVS-1625-2024</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1692-4593</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Evdokimov</surname><given-names>Vladimir I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Евдокимов</surname><given-names>Владимир Иванович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Evdokimov</surname><given-names>Vladimir I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p>
<p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>9334616@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1465-1539</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9827-8535</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Klenkov</surname><given-names>Ilyas R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кленков</surname><given-names>Ильяс Рифатьевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Klenkov</surname><given-names>Ilyas R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>klen.ir@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5527-9342</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3720-0458</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rybnikov</surname><given-names>Viktor Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыбников</surname><given-names>Виктор Юрьевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Rybnikov</surname><given-names>Viktor Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Dr. Sci. (Psychology), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, д-р психол. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Dr. Sci. (Psychology), Professor</p></bio><email>rvikirina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0535-533X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6513-3583</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pluzhnik</surname><given-names>Mihail S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плужник</surname><given-names>Михаил Сергеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Pluzhnik</surname><given-names>Mihail S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>pluzhnikms@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Nikiforov Russian Center of Emergency and Radiation Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Всероссийский центр экстренной и радиационной медицины им. А.М. Никифорова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">The Nikiforov Russian Center of Emergency and Radiation Medicine</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-02-02" publication-format="electronic"><day>02</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>7</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>503</fpage><lpage>511</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-12-23"><day>23</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-01-23"><day>23</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2024,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/643357">https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/643357</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>AIM</bold>: To analyze the trends and structure of Russian scientific research on the application of respiratory gas mixtures in extreme medicine.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS</bold>:<bold> </bold>A literature search was conducted in the Russian Science Citation Index, identifying 788 Russian publications from 2006 to 2023 on the application of respiratory gas mixtures in extreme medicine. A total of 513 (65.1%) articles from peer-reviewed journals, 118 (15.0%) conference materials, 108 (13.7%) patents for inventions and utility models, and 45 (5.7%) dissertation abstracts were selected. Publications were categorized into the sections of a developed classification system. Diseases for which respiratory gas mixtures were used in treatment and rehabilitation were classified according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). The evolution of research directions was assessed using time series analysis and a second-order polynomial trend calculation across technical, biological, physiological, medical, and psychological sciences, as well as for different gas mixtures.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS</bold>: General aspects of respiratory gas mixtures were discussed in 1.5% of studies, technical issues in 8.7%, biological aspects in 13.7%, physiological aspects in 33.7%, medical applications in 40.2%, and psychological aspects in 2.2%. An increasing trend in publications across these domains was observed. Among the analyzed studies, xenon was included in 47.3% of gas mixtures, helium in 19.4%, increased and decreased oxygen content in 11.5% and 9.7%, respectively, and other gases in 12.1%. A growing trend in the use of xenon and helium in respiratory gas mixtures was identified. In 53.2% of technical science studies, devices for generating pharmaceutical substances from respiratory gas mixtures were examined. In 34.9% of biological studies, biomarkers of respiratory gas mixture exposure in animal models were analyzed. In 55.5% of physiological studies, the effects of respiratory gas mixtures on optimizing functional state and performance in extreme professions were examined, including athletes (44.3%), seafarers (29.1%), pilots (5.5%), and firefighters and rescue workers (21.1%). In medical research, 78.3% of studies focused on evaluating treatment effectiveness.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION</bold>: Overall, a positive effect has been observed from the use of inert gases in respiratory gas mixtures for improving the functional state of patients with specific conditions and increasing stress resistance in professionals working in extreme conditions. At the same time, further research is needed to study the effects of various respiratory gas mixtures on the bodies of animals and humans, the extraction of inert gases from the environment, and lowering their cost of production.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Цель</bold>. Выявить динамику и структуру направлений научных исследований российских авторов по применению газовых дыхательных смесей в экстремальной медицине.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. Провели поиск публикаций в Российском индексе научного цитирования и изучили 788 отечественных публикаций за 2006–2023 гг. по применению газовых дыхательных смесей в экстремальной медицине. Статей в рецензируемых журналах отобрано 513 (65,1%), материалов конференций — 118 (15,0%), патентов на изобретения и полезные модели — 108 (13,7%), авторефератов диссертаций — 45 (5,7%). Публикации соотнесли с рубриками разработанного классификатора. Нозологии, при лечении и реабилитации которых применяли газовые дыхательные смеси, распределили по классам Международной классификации болезней и проблем, связанных со здоровьем (МКБ-10). Развитие направлений научных исследований изучали при помощи анализа динамических рядов и расчёта полиномиального тренда второго порядка применительно к техническим, биологическим, физиологическим, медицинским и психологическим наукам и различным газовым смесям.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. Общие вопросы применения газовых дыхательных смесей рассматривались в 1,5% работ, технические проблемы — в 8,7%, биологические — в 13,7%, физиологические — в 33,7%, медицинские — в 40,2%, психологические — в 2,2%. Отмечается динамика увеличения числа публикаций по перечисленным проблемам. В анализируемом массиве в состав газовых дыхательных смесей ксенон входил в 47,3% работ, гелий — в 19,4%, повышенное и пониженное содержание кислорода — в 11,5 и 9,7%, другие газы — в 12,1%. Выявлена динамика увеличения применения в газовых дыхательных смесях ксенона и гелия. В работах по техническим наукам в 53,2% случаев представлялись устройства для получения фармацевтических субстанций газовых дыхательных смесей, в структуре биологических исследований — в 34,9% работ маркеры применения газовых дыхательных смесей на животных, в физиологических исследованиях в 55,5% изучалось влияние газовых дыхательных смесей на оптимизацию функционального состояния и работоспособность специалистов экстремальных профессий, в том числе спортсменов (44,3%), моряков (29,1%), лётчиков (5,5%), пожарных, спасателей и пр. (21,1%), в структуре медицинских работ в 78,3% случаев исследовали эффективность лечения.</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold>. В целом отмечается позитивное влияние применения в составе газовых дыхательных смесей инертных газов для оптимизации функционального состояния организма пациентов при некоторых нозологиях и повышения стрессоустойчивости специалистов экстремальных профессий. В то же время необходимо продолжить исследования по изучению влияния различных комбинаций газовых дыхательных смесей на организм животных и человека, извлечению из окружающей среды инертных газов и снижению их себестоимости.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>研究目的。分析俄罗斯学者关于呼吸气体混合物在极端医学中应用研究的动态和结构。</p> <p>材料与方法。 在俄罗斯科学引文索引（RSCI）中检索相关文献，并分析了2006年至2023年间国内关于呼吸气体混合物在极端医学中应用的788篇论文。其中，期刊论文（经同行评审）513篇（65.1%），会议论文118篇（15.0%），发明专利和实用新型专利108项（13.7%）， 学位论文摘要45篇（5.7%）。将这些出版物归类到制定的分类系统中，并根据国际疾病分类（ICD-10）将呼吸气体混合物用于治疗和康复的疾病按类别进行分组。研究方向的发展通过动态序列分析进行评估，并计算适用于技术、生物学、生理学、医学和心理学学科及各种呼吸气体混合物的二次多项式趋势。</p> <p>结果。关于呼吸气体混合物应用的一般性问题占1.5%，技术问题占8.7%，生物学问题占13.7%，生理学问题占33.7%，医学问题占40.2%，心理学问题占2.2%。研究显示，关于上述问题的相关出版物数量呈增长趋势。在分析的文献中，47.3%的研究涉及氙气，19.4%涉及氦气，11.5%和9.7%的研究分别涉及高氧和低氧气体混合物，12.1%的研究涉及其他气体。研究表明，氙气和氦气在呼吸气体混合物中的应用呈增长趋势。在技术科学领域，53.2%的研究涉及用于生产呼吸气体混合物药物物质的装置。在生物学研究中，34.9%的论文涉及动物实验的呼吸气体混合物标志物。在生理学研究中，55.5%的研究关注呼吸气体混合物对极端职业人员（包括运动员44.3%、海员29.1%、飞行员5.5%、消防员、救援人员等21.1%）功能状态和工作能力优化的影响。在医学研究中，78.3%的研究评估了治疗效果。</p> <p>结论。研究表明，呼吸气体混合物中惰性气体的应用可改善特定疾病患者的功能状态，并增强极端职业从业人员的抗压能力。同时，仍需进一步研究不同组合的呼吸气体混合物对动物和人体的影响，以及从环境中提取惰性气体的技术和降低其成本的策略。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>respiratory gas mixtures</kwd><kwd>nitrogen</kwd><kwd>xenon</kwd><kwd>argon</kwd><kwd>helium</kwd><kwd>functional status</kwd><kwd>physical performance</kwd><kwd>extreme activities</kwd><kwd>scientometric analysis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>газовые дыхательные смеси</kwd><kwd>азот</kwd><kwd>ксенон</kwd><kwd>аргон</kwd><kwd>гелий</kwd><kwd>функциональное состояние</kwd><kwd>работоспособность</kwd><kwd>экстремальная деятельность</kwd><kwd>наукометрический анализ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>呼吸气体混合物</kwd><kwd>氮气</kwd><kwd>氙气</kwd><kwd>氩气</kwd><kwd>氦气</kwd><kwd>功能状态</kwd><kwd>身体性能</kwd><kwd>极端职业活动</kwd><kwd>科学计量分析</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Sergeev AA. 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