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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экология человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-0869</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1444</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">643389</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/humeco643389</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">DVXEDT</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDY ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Food safety of commercial hydrobionts of the Sea of Japan: persistent organic pollutants in bivalves of the Family Mytilidae</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Пищевая безопасность промысловых гидробионтов Японского моря: стойкие органические загрязнители в моллюсках семейства Mytilidae</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>日本海渔业水生生物的食品安全： Mytilidae软体动物中的持久性有机污染物</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3285-822X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1693-3818</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Borovkova</surname><given-names>Aleksandra D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боровкова</surname><given-names>Александра Дмитриевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Borovkova</surname><given-names>Aleksandra D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>borovkovasdm@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7642-2936</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gavrilova</surname><given-names>Victoria A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаврилова</surname><given-names>Виктория Александровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Gavrilova</surname><given-names>Victoria A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>jones.vika@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2108-4448</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9023-6473</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Donets</surname><given-names>Maksim M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Донец</surname><given-names>Максим Михайлович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Donets</surname><given-names>Maksim M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>maksim.donecz@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0974-9176</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7082-1751</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Belanov</surname><given-names>Maksim A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беланов</surname><given-names>Максим Андреевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Belanov</surname><given-names>Maksim A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>belanov.ma@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5095-7260</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5047-8410</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsygankov</surname><given-names>Vasiliy Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цыганов</surname><given-names>Василий Юрьевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Tsygankov</surname><given-names>Vasiliy Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biology), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biology), Associate Professor</p></bio><email>tsig_90@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pacific Geographical Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Тихоокеанский институт географии Дальневосточного отделения Российской академии наук</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Pacific Geographical Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Far Eastern Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Дальневосточный федеральный университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Far Eastern Federal University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-12-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>12</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>895</fpage><lpage>904</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-12-25"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-12-04"><day>04</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/643389">https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/643389</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> Bivalve mollusks are an important species for commercial harvesting. However, in addition to beneficial nutrients, they may contain hazardous compounds. Persistent organic pollutants are considered one of the most dangerous classes of organic compounds in terms of their impact on the environment and human health.</p> <p><bold>AIM: </bold>This work aimed to assess the food safety of bivalve mollusks of the family <italic>Mytilidae</italic> from the Sea of Japan based on the content of persistent organic pollutants.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> The biological material consisted of soft tissues of four species of bivalve mollusks collected in different areas of Peter the Great Bay in 2017–2022: <italic>Crenomytilus grayanus</italic> (Dunker, 1853), <italic>Modiolus kurilensis</italic> (F.R. Bernard, 1983), <italic>Mytilus trossulus</italic> (A. Gould, 1850), and <italic>Mytilus galloprovincialis</italic> (Lamarck, 1819). The mass concentrations of organochlorine compounds in the biological material were determined using a Shimadzu GC-2010 Plus gas chromatograph equipped with an ECD.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> Organic toxicants were detected in all studied samples at levels in the range of 0.00012–141.319 ng/g wet weight. The highest concentrations were found in the samples collected from Amur Bay. The levels of persistent organic pollutants detected in mollusks were substantially lower than the maximum permissible limits established by the Russian regulations, with median values ranging from 0.0002% to 2% of the maximum permissible concentration. Thus, the content of persistent organic pollutants in bivalve mollusks of the family <italic>Mytilidae</italic> does not pose a threat to human health.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:<italic> </italic></bold>According to the obtained data, the content of persistent organic pollutants in the soft tissues of bivalve mollusks of the family <italic>Mytilidae</italic> does not exceed the current regulatory standards of the Russian Federation. These hydrobionts may be used for human consumption. Nevertheless, given the detection of prohibited compounds in the studied samples, systematic monitoring of the accumulation of persistent organic pollutants in the soft tissues of commercially harvested species from the coastal waters of the Sea of Japan should be continued.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Двустворчатые моллюски являются важным объектом промысла. Однако наряду с полезными веществами они могут содержать опасные для здоровья соединения. Стойкие органические загрязняющие вещества считаются одним из наиболее опасных классов органических соединений с точки зрения воздействия на окружающую среду и здоровье людей.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold>. Оценка пищевой безопасности двустворчатых моллюсков семейства Mytilidae из Японского моря по содержанию стойких органических загрязняющих веществ.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> Биологическим материалом служили мягкие ткани четырёх видов двустворчатых моллюсков, отобранных в разных частях залива Петра Великого в 2017–2022 гг.: <italic>Crenomytilus grayanus</italic> (Dunker, 1853), <italic>Modiolus kurilensis</italic> (F.R. Bernard, 1983), <italic>Mytilus trossulus</italic> (A. Gould, 1850), <italic>Mytilus galloprovincialis</italic> (Lamarck, 1819). Основное определение массового содержания хлорорганических соединений в биоматериале проводили на газовом хроматографе Shimadzu GC-2010 Plus с ECD.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Результаты показали присутствие органических токсикантов во всех исследованных образцах в диапазоне от 0,00012 до 141,319 нг/г сырой массы. Наиболее высокие концентрации обнаружены в пробах, отобранных на территории Амурского залива. Обнаруженные в моллюсках уровни стойких органических загрязнителей были существенно ниже предельно допустимых значений нормативно-правовой базы Российской Федерации, а медианные значения составляли от 0,0002 до 2% от предельно допустимой концентрации. Таким образом, содержание стойких органических загрязнителей в двустворчатых моллюсках семейства Mytilidae не представляет угрозы для здоровья человека.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Согласно полученным данным, содержание стойких органических загрязняющих веществ в мягких тканях двустворчатых моллюсков семейства Mytilidae не превышает действующих нормативов Российской Федерации. Гидробионты могут быть использованы населением в пищу. Тем не менее в связи с фактом обнаружения запрещённых соединений в исследованных образцах необходимо продолжать систематические наблюдения за накоплением стойких органических загрязнителей мягкими тканями промысловых объектов прибрежных акваторий Японского моря.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>论证。双壳类软体动物是重要的渔业对象。然而，除有益营养成分外，其体内亦可能含有对人体健康具有潜在危险的化合物。持久性有机污染物被认为是从环境和人类健康影响角度来看最危险的有机化合物类别之一。</p> <p>目的。评估日本海<italic>Mytilidae</italic>双壳类软体动物中持久性有机污染物的含量，以判定其食品安全性。</p> <p>方法。研究对象为2017–2022年间在Peter the Great Bay不同海域采集的4种双壳类软体动物的软体组织：<italic>Crenomytilus grayanus</italic>（Dunker, 1853）、<italic>Modiolus kurilensis</italic>（F.R. Bernard, 1983）、<italic>Mytilus trossulus</italic>（A. Gould, 1850）和<italic>Mytilus galloprovincialis</italic>（Lamarck, 1819）。生物材料中氯代有机化合物的质量含量主要采用配备ECD的气相色谱仪Shimadzu GC-2010 Plus 进行测定。</p> <p>结果。研究结果显示，所有样品中均检出有机毒性物质，其含量范围为0.00012–141.319 ng/g湿重。最高浓度出现在Amur Bay采集的样品中。贻贝体内检出的持久性有机污染物含量显著低于俄罗斯联邦法规规定的最大允许值，其中位值为最大允许浓度的0.0002–2%。因此，<italic>Mytilidae</italic>双壳类软体动物中持久性有机污染物的含量不对人体健康构成威胁。</p> <p>结论。根据获得的数据，<italic>Mytilidae</italic>双壳类软体动物软体组织中持久性有机污染物的含量未超过俄罗斯联邦现行标准。 该类水生生物可被用于人类食品消费。然而，鉴于在研究样品中发现了被禁止使用的化合物，有必要继续对日本海沿岸水域渔业对象软体组织中持久性有机污染物的累积开展系统性监测。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>persistent organic pollutants</kwd><kwd>organochlorine pesticides</kwd><kwd>polychlorinated biphenyls</kwd><kwd>food safety</kwd><kwd>bivalve mollusks</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>стойкие органические загрязняющие вещества</kwd><kwd>хлорорганические пестициды</kwd><kwd>полихлорированные бифенилы</kwd><kwd>пищевая безопасность</kwd><kwd>двустворчатые моллюски</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>持久性有机污染物</kwd><kwd>有机氯农药</kwd><kwd>多氯联苯</kwd><kwd>食品安全</kwd><kwd>双壳类软体动物</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>FZNS-2023-0011</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Sedova LG. 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