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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экология человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-0869</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1444</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">643398</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/humeco643398</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">EQNEBN</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDY ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Standard functional near-infrared spectroscopy parameters in young adults living in different regions of European Russia</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Результаты оценки стандартных показателей функциональной спектроскопии ближнего инфракрасного диапазона у молодых людей, проживающих в различных регионах европейской части России</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>居住在俄罗斯欧洲部分不同地区的青年标准功能性近红外光谱指标评估结果</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6472-839X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57194478275</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">U-2142-2017</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8079-9698</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mulik</surname><given-names>Aleksandr B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мулик</surname><given-names>Александр Борисович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Mulik</surname><given-names>Aleksandr B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor</p></bio><email>mulikab@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9284-3280</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57194476699</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">D-3502-2016</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9859-6036</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ulesikova</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Улесикова</surname><given-names>Ирина Владимировна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Ulesikova</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><email>ulesikovairina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0668-4664</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57195288897</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">GON-7330-2022</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9126-2809</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nazarov</surname><given-names>Nikita O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Назаров</surname><given-names>Никита Олегович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Nazarov</surname><given-names>Nikita O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>naznik86@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7948-1043</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">56089688500</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">HKE-1458-2023</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5271-0260</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kunavin</surname><given-names>Mikhail A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кунавин</surname><given-names>Михаил Алексеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Kunavin</surname><given-names>Mikhail A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology), Associate Professor</p></bio><email>m.kunavin@narfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0350-1359</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">7103242976</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">O-8644-2016</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2952-0619</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Soloviev</surname><given-names>Andrey G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соловьёв</surname><given-names>Андрей Горгоньевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Soloviev</surname><given-names>Andrey G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>asoloviev1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9279-5282</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57194476788</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">U-2181-2017</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2942-6250</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shatyr</surname><given-names>Yulia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шатыр</surname><given-names>Юлия Александровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Shatyr</surname><given-names>Yulia A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology), Associate Professor</p></bio><email>yuliashatyr@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Change Implementation Center of the Ministry of Health of the Moscow Region</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центр внедрения изменений Министерства здравоохранения Московской области</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Change Implementation Center of the Ministry of Health of the Moscow Region</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северный (Арктический) федеральный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Northern State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северный государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Northern State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-05-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-06-28" publication-format="electronic"><day>28</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>11</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>807</fpage><lpage>818</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-12-25"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-04-07"><day>07</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/643398">https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/643398</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> In recent years, numerous studies have attempted to compare the results of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) obtained by different authors using various devices. To reach a consensus on standardizing fNIRS parameters, interpreting data, and ensuring reproducibility, comparative assessments of these parameters in healthy individuals from different geographical and climatic regions are needed.</p> <p><bold>AIM: </bold>To characterize standard fNIRS parameters in young adults living in various environmental conditions.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</bold> The study included 100 clinically healthy Caucasian men and women aged 18–25 years, all native residents of three regions in European Russia: Arkhangelsk Oblast, Volgograd Oblast, and the Republic of Crimea. Hemodynamic responses of the cerebral cortex in the near-infrared range were assessed using the Cortivision Poton Cap C20 device (Cortivision, Poland). The experimental protocol consisted of three stages: Stage 1: baseline fNIRS recording with eyes open (30ʹ); Stage 2: administration of the following tasks: Simple Visual-Motor Reaction (2ʹ), Complex Visual-Motor Reaction (2ʹ), and Kraepelin Test (3ʹ); Stage 3: post-task fNIRS recording with eyes open (1ʹ). For subsequent data analysis, mean fNIRS values of HbO and HbR concentrations (mmol/L) were used for both the baseline and post-task stages.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> Comparative analysis of regional differences in baseline and post-task fNIRS values revealed no statistically significant differences between participants from the modeled regions, which varied considerably in environmental comfort scores (6 points for Arkhangelsk Oblast, 17 points for Volgograd Oblast, 25 points for the Republic of Crimea). At the same time, clear differences in the baseline expression of fNIRS parameters were observed between the sampled groups of male and female participants. Repeatedly observed unidirectional differences in baseline HbO and HbR concentrations between male and female participants were identified in the same cortical areas. In both cases, statistically significant differences in concentrations were identified in symmetrical frontal (AF4–AFp2, AF3–AFp1) and temporal (FTT8–T8, FTT7–T7) leads. In women, higher values were recorded in the frontal cortex, whereas in men, the concentrations of the studied forms of hemoglobin were higher in the temporal regions.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> The study characterized standard fNIRS parameters in young adults residing in varied environmental conditions. The presented data will contribute to improving the reliability and reproducibility of studies conducted using fNIRS technology, thereby facilitating the implementation of advanced neuroimaging methods in both research and clinical practice.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> В последние годы появляются многочисленные попытки соотнесения результатов функциональной спектроскопии ближнего инфракрасного диапазона (fNIRS), полученных разными авторами с использованием различной приборной базы. Для достижения консенсуса в нормировании показателей fNIRS, интерпретации и воспроизведения экспериментальных данных требуется сравнительная оценка этих показателей в группах здоровых людей — жителей различных природно-климатических зон.</p> <p><bold>Цель. </bold>Охарактеризовать проявление стандартных показателей fNIRS у молодых людей, проживающих в различных условиях среды жизнедеятельности.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В исследовании приняли участие 100 клинически здоровых мужчин и женщин европеоидной расы 18–25 лет, коренных жителей трёх регионов европейской части России: Архангельской, Волгоградской областей и Республики Крым. Для оценки гемодинамического ответа коры головного мозга в ближнем инфракрасном диапазоне применяли прибор Cortivision Poton Cap C20 (Cortivision, Польша). Схема исследования включала в себя 3 этапа: 1-й этап — фон fNIRS с открытыми глазами (30ʹ); 2-й этап — предъявление теста «Простая зрительно-моторная реакция» (2ʹ) + предъявление теста «Сложная зрительно-моторная реакция» (2ʹ) + предъявление теста «Крепелин» (3ʹ); 3-й этап — постнагрузочные значения fNIRS с открытыми глазами (1ʹ). Для последующего анализа данных учитывали среднеарифметические значения показателей концентрации оксигенированного и деоксигенированного гемоглобина (ммоль/л) на этапе фона и постнагрузочных значений fNIRS.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Сравнительный анализ региональной выраженности фоновых и постнагрузочных значений показателей fNIRS не выявил статистически значимых различий между представителями населения модельных регионов, характеризующихся существенным перепадом уровня комфортности среды обитания (Архангельская область — 6 баллов, Волгоградская область — 17 баллов, Республика Крым — 25 баллов). Вместе с тем наглядно проявляются различия фоновой выраженности показателей fNIRS между выборочной совокупностью мужчин и выборочной совокупностью женщин, участвовавших в исследовании. Выявлена повторяемость однонаправленных отличий между мужчинами и женщинами, обнаруженных в фоновых значениях оксигенированного и деоксигенированного гемоглобина в одних и тех же областях коры головного мозга. В обоих случаях статистически значимые различия концентраций были определены в симметричных лобных (AF4-AFp2, AF3-AFp1) и височных (FTT8-T8, FTT7-T7) отведениях. У женщин зарегистрированы более высокие значения показателей в лобных отделах коры больших полушарий, а у мужчин, наоборот, концентрации изучаемых форм гемоглобина были выше в височных отделах.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Охарактеризованы проявления стандартных показателей fNIRS у молодых людей, проживающих в различных условиях среды жизнедеятельности. Представленные данные будут способствовать повышению надёжности и воспроизводимости результатов исследований, выполненных с использованием технологии fNIRS, и тем самым стимулировать внедрение передовых методов нейровизуализации функций мозга в исследовательскую деятельность и клиническую практику.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>论证。近年来，越来越多研究尝试比较不同研究者使用不同仪器设备所获得的功能性近红外光谱（functional near-infrared spectroscopy，fNIRS）结果。为实现fNIRS指标的标准化、结果解释和实验数据的可重复性，有必要在生活于不同自然气候区域的健康人群中开展比较性评估。</p> <p>目的。描述生活在不同环境条件下青年的标准 fNIRS 指标表现。</p> <p>材料与方法。研究共纳入100名18–25岁、临床健康的欧洲人种男性与女性，分别为俄罗斯欧洲部分Archangelsk 州、Volgograd州和Republic of Crimea的原住居民。使用Cortivision Photon Cap C20仪器（Cortivision，波兰）记录大脑皮层在近红外光谱范围内的血流动力学反应。研究设计包括三阶段：第一阶段为睁眼基础状态（30秒）；第二阶段依次进行“简单视动反应”（2分钟），“复杂视动反应”（2分钟）和“Kraepelin测试”（3分钟）；第三阶段为睁眼负荷后状态（1分钟）。在后续数据分析中，纳入了基础阶段和负荷后阶段fNIRS中HbO与HbR浓度（mmol/L）指标的平均值。</p> <p>结果。对模型地区人群 fNIRS 指标基础阶段与负荷后阶段的区域表达强度进行比较分析，结果显示在居住环境舒适度显著差异的地区（Volgograd州 — 6分，Volgograd州 — 17分，Republic of Crimea — 25分）之间无统计学显著差异。同时，参与研究的男性与女性样本在fNIRS指标的基础阶段表达水平上表现出明显差异。在HbO和HbR的基础期数值中，男性与女性在大脑皮层相同区域表现出方向一致的重复性差异。在这两种情况下，均在左右对称的额叶导联（AF4-AFp2、AF3-AFp1）和颞叶导联（FTT8-T8、FTT7-T7）中检测到浓度的统计学显著差异。女性在大脑皮层额叶区域的相关指标更高，而男性则在颞叶区域表现出更高的血红蛋白浓度。</p> <p>结论。本研究描述了生活在不同环境条件下青年群体的标准fNIRS指标特征。该数据有助于提升采用fNIRS技术的研究结果的可靠性和可重复性，从而推动先进脑功能神经成像方法在科研与临床实践中的应用。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neurovascular coupling</kwd><kwd>functional near-infrared spectroscopy</kwd><kwd>fNIRS</kwd><kwd>sex differences in fNIRS parameters</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сосудисто-нервная связь</kwd><kwd>функциональная ближняя инфракрасная спектроскопия</kwd><kwd>fNIRS</kwd><kwd>половые различия показателей fNIRS</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>神经-血管耦合</kwd><kwd>功能性近红外光谱</kwd><kwd>fNIRS</kwd><kwd>性别差异fNIRS指标</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="zh">Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Ferrari M, Quaresima V. 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