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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экология человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-0869</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1444</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">643503</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/humeco643503</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">WQWAIA</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDY ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Ventricular repolarization in apparently healthy young men under short-term normobaric isocapnic and hypercapnic hypoxic exposure</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Реполяризация желудочков сердца у практически здоровых молодых мужчин при кратковременном воздействии нормобарической изокапнической и гиперкапнической гипоксии</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>几乎健康的年轻男性在短暂暴露于常压等碳酸血症性与高碳酸血症性低氧条件下心室复极反应的研究</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3438-6365</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2894-6435</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zamenina</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Заменина</surname><given-names>Елена Всеволодовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Zamenina</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>e.mateva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5802-3753</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8667-3261</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivonina</surname><given-names>Natalya I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ивонина</surname><given-names>Наталья Ивановна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Ivonina</surname><given-names>Natalya I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><email>bdr13@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2038-2515</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1060-3535</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fokin</surname><given-names>Andrei A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фокин</surname><given-names>Андрей Александрович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Fokin</surname><given-names>Andrei A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>fokin90@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6108-1444</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5424-2991</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Roshchevskaya</surname><given-names>Irina M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рощевская</surname><given-names>Ирина Михайловна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Roshchevskaya</surname><given-names>Irina M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor, Сorresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor, Сorresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p></bio><email>compcard@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Коми научный центр Уральского отделения Российской академии наук</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Сыктывкарский государственный университет имени Питирима Сорокина</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-06-17" publication-format="electronic"><day>17</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-07-20" publication-format="electronic"><day>20</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>123</fpage><lpage>134</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-12-27"><day>27</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-06-03"><day>03</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/643503">https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/643503</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold><bold> </bold>The effects of hypoxic exposure on the human cardiorespiratory system have been extensively studied. Combined hypoxic and hypercapnic exposure has been shown to reduce the severity of adverse outcomes associated with oxygen deficiency across all functional systems, while also improving subjective tolerance to acute hypoxia.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> To assess cardiac electrical activity during the ventricular repolarization phase under exogenous normobaric hypoxic exposure with different inspired carbon dioxide levels in apparently healthy, untrained individuals.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold><bold> </bold>A prospective, single-center, experimental study was conducted. The study included apparently healthy, untrained young men. Exclusion criteria: chronic pulmonary or cardiovascular diseases and recent acute respiratory viral infections. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups based on the type of exposure: exogenous isocapnic hypoxia (Group 1) or exogenous hypercapnic hypoxia (Group 2). Isocapnic and hypercapnic hypoxia were simulated by breathing through a facial mask for 15 minutes. The cardiac electric field was used to assess the amplitude and temporal characteristics of positive and negative extrema during the ventricular repolarization phase based on lead II electrocardiogram findings. The duration of <italic>QT</italic>, J–<italic>T</italic><sub>peak</sub>, and <italic>T</italic><sub>peak</sub>–<italic>T</italic><sub>end</sub> intervals with Bazett's correction was measured.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> Isocapnic hypoxia was found to cause more pronounced changes in SpO<sub>2</sub> and heart rate compared to hypercapnic hypoxia. At comparable SpO<sub>2</sub> levels, analysis of the temporal characteristics of ventricular repolarization demonstrated that the hypercapnic component of the hypoxic gas mixture reduced changes in the duration of nearly all examined electrocardiogram intervals.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold><bold> </bold>The study of ventricular repolarization under hypoxic exposure with various CO<sub>2</sub> levels found that isocapnic hypoxia had a more pronounced stress effect on cardiac electrical activity than hypercapnic hypoxia in apparently healthy young men.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Воздействие гипоксического фактора на функционирование кардиореспираторной системы человека изучено достаточно хорошо. Комбинированное воздействие гипоксического и гиперкапнического факторов снижает степень проявления неблагоприятных эффектов кислородной недостаточности во всех функциональных системах организма и субъективно улучшает переносимость острой гипоксии.</p> <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Изучить электрическую активность сердца в период реполяризации желудочков при воздействии экзогенной нормобарической гипоксии с различным содержанием углекислого газа во вдыхаемом воздухе у практически здорового нетренированного человека.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>Проведено экспериментальное одноцентровое проспективное исследование. В него включены практически здоровые нетренированные мужчины молодого возраста. Среди критериев исключения выделяли наличие хронической бронхолёгочной патологии, сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, а также факта недавно перенесённой острой респираторной вирусной инфекции. Участники исследования рандомно разделены на две группы в зависимости от изучаемого воздействия: 1-я группа — экзогенной изокапнической гипоксии; 2-я группа — экзогенной гиперкапнической гипоксии. Изокапническая и гиперкапническая гипоксия смоделированы путём дыхания через лицевую маску в течение 15 мин. По электрическому полю сердца анализировали амплитудно-временные характеристики положительных и отрицательных экстремумов в фазу реполяризации желудочков по данным электрокардиограммы, полученной во II стандартном отведении, определяли длительность интервалов <italic>QT</italic>, J–<italic>T</italic><sub>peak</sub>, <italic>T</italic><sub>peak</sub>–<italic>T</italic><sub>end</sub>, корригированных по Базетту.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Установлено, что изокапническая гипоксия вызывает более значительное изменение SpO<sub>2</sub> и частоты сердечных сокращений по сравнению с гиперкапнической. При сопоставимых значениях SpO<sub>2</sub> анализ временных характеристик реполяризации показал, что гиперкапнический компонент в гипоксической смеси нивелирует степень изменения длительности практически всех исследуемых интервалов электрокардиограммы.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Проведённое исследование процесса реполяризации желудочков сердца при воздействии гипоксии с различным содержанием CO<sub>2</sub> показало более выраженное стрессовое влияние изокапнической гипоксии на электрическую активность сердца по сравнению с гиперкапнической у практически здоровых молодых мужчин.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>论证。低氧因素对人体心肺系统功能的影响已有充分研究。低氧与高碳酸血症的联合影响可降低机体各功能系统对缺氧状态的不良反应，并在主观上提高对急性低氧的耐受性。</p> <p>目的。探讨在吸入不同二氧化碳浓度的常压低氧条件下，几乎健康的未训练年轻男性在心室复极期的心脏电活动变化。</p> <p>方法。开展了一项单中心前瞻性实验研究。研究对象为几乎健康、无训练的青年男性。排除标准包括慢性支气管肺疾病、心血管疾病及近期急性呼吸道病毒感染史。受试者按所接受的干预随机分为两组：第1组接受等碳酸血症性低氧暴露，第2组接受高碳酸血症性低氧暴露。等碳酸血症性与高碳酸血症性低氧状态通过佩戴面罩吸入混合气体15分钟进行模拟。根据II导联心电图数据，分析心室复极期心电场正负极值的振幅-时间参数，测量QT、J–Tpeak和Tpeak–Tend间期，并根据Bazett公式进行校正。</p> <p>结果。与高碳酸血症性低氧相比，等碳酸血症性低氧引起SpO2和心率的变化更为明显。在两组SpO2值相近的情况下，复极期时间参数的分析表明，低氧混合气体中的高碳酸成分可抵消几乎所有心电图所测间期时长的变化程度。</p> <p>结论。所开展的研究显示，在不同CO2含量的低氧暴露下，等碳酸血症性低氧相比高碳酸血症性低氧对几乎健康的年轻男性心室复极过程中的心脏电活动产生了更明显的应激影响。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cardiac electric field</kwd><kwd>ECG</kwd><kwd>normobaric isocapnic hypoxia</kwd><kwd>hypercapnic hypoxia</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>электрическое поле сердца</kwd><kwd>ЭКГ</kwd><kwd>нормобарическая изокапническая гипоксия</kwd><kwd>гиперкапническая гипоксия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>心电场</kwd><kwd>心电图</kwd><kwd>常压等碳酸血症性低氧</kwd><kwd>高碳酸血症性低氧</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Hitrov NK, Paukov VS. 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