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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экология человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-0869</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1444</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">643565</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/humeco643565</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">ADYJZU</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Effect of Soil Heavy Metal Contamination on Incidence of Nervous System Disorders</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние загрязнения почвы тяжёлыми металлами на возникновение заболеваний нервной системы</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>土壤重金属污染对神经系统疾病发生的影响</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7970-4059</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8584-5024</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Batyrova</surname><given-names>Gulnara A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Батырова</surname><given-names>Гульнара Арыстангалиевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Batyrova</surname><given-names>Gulnara A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="KZ">Kazakhstan</country></address><bio><p>PhD</p></bio><email>g.batyrova@zkmu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7637-113X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9146-3959</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Umarova</surname><given-names>Gulmira A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Умарова</surname><given-names>Гульмира Арыстангалиевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Umarova</surname><given-names>Gulmira A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="KZ">Kazakhstan</country></address><bio><p>PhD</p></bio><email>uga_80@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4773-0807</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Urazayeva</surname><given-names>Saltanat T.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Уразаева</surname><given-names>Салтанат Тураковна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Urazayeva</surname><given-names>Saltanat T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="KZ">Kazakhstan</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>s.urazaeva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0796-3737</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sarsembin</surname><given-names>Umbetali K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Cарсембин</surname><given-names>Умбетали Куандыкович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Sarsembin</surname><given-names>Umbetali K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="KZ">Kazakhstan</country></address><bio><p>PhD</p></bio><email>umbetali_s.k@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4843-5823</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Issaldinova</surname><given-names>Assel N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исалдинова</surname><given-names>Асель Нурлановна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Issaldinova</surname><given-names>Assel N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="KZ">Kazakhstan</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Master of the Educational program</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>магистр образовательной программы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Master of the Educational program</p></bio><email>aselisaldinova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3922-0054</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Taskozhina</surname><given-names>Gulaim E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Таскожина</surname><given-names>Гулайм Есенбаевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Taskozhina</surname><given-names>Gulaim E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="KZ">Kazakhstan</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>докторант</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>PhD Student</p></bio><email>g.taskozhina@zkmu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7557-8486</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Issanguzhina</surname><given-names>Zhamilia X.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исангужина</surname><given-names>Жамиля Халимовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Issanguzhina</surname><given-names>Zhamilia X.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="KZ">Kazakhstan</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>gamilia0452@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5661-4023</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Umarov</surname><given-names>Yeskendir A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Умаров</surname><given-names>Ескендир Арыстангалиевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Umarov</surname><given-names>Yeskendir A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="KZ">Kazakhstan</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Master of the Natural Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>магистр естественных наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Master of the Natural Sciences</p></bio><email>eskendir.um@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Западно-Казахстанский медицинский университет им. Марата Оспанова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">K. Zhubanov Aktobe Regional University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Актюбинский региональный университет им. К. Жубанова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">K. Zhubanov Aktobe Regional University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-08-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-09-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>7</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>449</fpage><lpage>459</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-12-30"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-08-11"><day>11</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/643565">https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/643565</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Human activities in industrialized economies lead to soil contamination with highly neurotoxic heavy metals accumulating in body tissues. Given the urgent environmental issue of heavy metal accumulation in soil and their toxicity to humans, the aim of the study was to analyse the available scientific data on their neurotoxicity. To achieve this aim, evidence-based papers from the relevant open databases over the past five years have been reviewed. According to scientific evidence, cadmium, chromium, lead, and mercury are considered the most common neurotoxic metals that pollute the soil. The heavy metal toxicity to nervous tissue has various mechanisms, such as the impairment of the cell cycle and metabolism and blood-brain barrier disruption. This leads to structural degeneration of the central nervous system. Cadmium, lead, mercury, and chromium can affect the development and functions of the nervous system, resulting in neurotoxicity that can be fatal in cases of acute poisoning. Screening, identification of populations with the increased risk of metal poisoning, and primary prevention in environmentally unfavourable areas are the appropriate actions to solve the problem of heavy metal contamination of the soil and their adverse effect on the body.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Антропогенная деятельность промышленно развитых стран приводит к загрязнению почвы тяжёлыми металлами, которые аккумулируются в тканях организма и обладают нейротоксическим действием. С учётом острой экологической проблемы накопления в почве тяжёлых металлов и их токсичности для человека целью исследования был анализ актуальных научных данных об их патологическом воздействии их на нервную ткань. Для достижения поставленной цели обработаны доказательные научные статьи релевантных открытых баз данных за последние пять лет. Согласно научным данным, кадмий, хром, свинец и ртуть считаются наиболее распространёнными металлами, которые загрязняют почву и оказывают нейротоксическое действие. Токсичность тяжёлых металлов в нервной ткани реализуется через множественные механизмы, включая нарушение клеточного цикла, метаболических процессов и целостности гематоэнцефалического барьера. Эти воздействия приводят к дегенеративным изменениям структур центральной нервной системы. Кадмий, свинец, ртуть и хром вмешиваются в развитие нервной системы и её функционирование, вызывая нейротоксические эффекты, вплоть до летальных исходов при острых отравлениях. В районах с неблагоприятной экологической обстановкой важно проводить скрининговые исследования для выявления групп населения, подверженных повышенному риску отравления металлами. Это необходимо для реализации первичных профилактических мер. Такие действия помогут снизить негативное влияние загрязнённой почвы, содержащей тяжёлые металлы, на здоровье людей.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>工业发达国家的人类活动导致土壤受到重金属污染，这些金属可在机体组织中累积并产生神经毒性作用。考虑到土壤中重金属累积所引发的严重生态问题及其对人体的毒性，本研究旨在分析现有科学数据，评估其对神经组织的病理性影响。为实现研究目的，对近五年公开数据库中的循证科学文献进行了整理和分析。 科学证据表明，镉、铬、铅和汞是最常见的污染土壤并产生神经毒性作用的金属。重金属在神经组织中的毒性通过多种机制介导，包括细胞周期紊乱、代谢过程破坏以及血脑屏障完整性受损。这些作用最终导致中枢神经系统结构的退行性改变。镉、铅、汞和铬干预神经系统的发育与功能，导致神经毒性效应，在急性中毒时可引起致死结局。对高风险社会群体开展金属中毒筛查，并在生态不利地区实施初级预防，是应对土壤重金属污染及其对人体不良影响的合理措施。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>trace elements</kwd><kwd>soil contamination</kwd><kwd>cadmium</kwd><kwd>lead</kwd><kwd>neurotoxicity</kwd><kwd>mercury</kwd><kwd>chromium</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микроэлементы</kwd><kwd>загрязнение почвы</kwd><kwd>кадмий</kwd><kwd>свинец</kwd><kwd>нейротоксичность</kwd><kwd>ртуть</kwd><kwd>хром</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>微量元素</kwd><kwd>土壤污染</kwd><kwd>镉</kwd><kwd>铅</kwd><kwd>神经毒性</kwd><kwd>汞</kwd><kwd>铬</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Комитет науки Министерства науки и высшего образования Республики Казахстан</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>AP26199833</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Okereafor U, Makhatha M, Mekuto L, et al. 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