Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)Экология человека1728-08692949-1444Eco-Vector64356710.17816/humeco643567DPYPNMREVIEWSОБЗОРЫReview ArticleSulfide mineral water as a donor of signaling molecules of the gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfideСульфидная минеральная вода как донор сигнальных молекул газотрансмиттера сероводорода硫化矿泉水作为气体递质硫化氢的信号分子供体https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4676-09723732-6794KhodasevichLeonid S.ХодасевичЛеонид СергеевичKhodasevichLeonid S.
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

д-р мед. наук, профессор

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

nic_kir@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1796-45463748-9802PolyakovaAntonina V.ПоляковаАнтонина ВалентиновнаPolyakovaAntonina V.
Russian Federation

Cand. Sci. (Biology), Associate Professor

канд. биол. наук, доцент

Cand. Sci. (Biology), Associate Professor

av-polyakova@list.ruSochi State UniversityСочинский государственный университетSochi State University030620252806202531117867953112202414042025Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-VectorCopyright ©; 2025, Эко-ВекторCopyright ©; 2025,2025Eco-VectorЭко-Векторhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/643567

BACKGROUND: Hydrogen sulfide is recognized as the third gasotransmitter, playing an essential role in both physiological processes and various diseases. Experimental evidence confirms that it is synthesized in body tissues and has a broad range of physiological effects on the cardiovascular, nervous, and other systems. Studies on the role of H2S in the metabolism of living systems have revealed the existence of donors capable of releasing it, including sulfide mineral water used in balneology.

AIM: To justify the role of sulfide mineral water as a donor of hydrogen sulfide gasotransmitter signaling molecules initiating therapeutic effects.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A review of publications from the past 20 years was conducted using the electronic databases RSCI, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Medline. The search was performed using the following keywords: газотрансмиттеры (gasotransmitters), сероводород (hydrogen sulfide), доноры сероводорода (hydrogen sulfide donors), and сульфидная бальнеотерапия (sulfide balneotherapy). A total of 63 publications most relevant to the topic were selected for analysis.

RESULTS: Hydrogen sulfide belongs to the group of gasotransmitters—gaseous signaling molecules produced by the human and animal body. These molecules play a critical role in cellular regulation and mediate various biological processes. H2S exerts diverse physiological effects on various body systems, including the brain, where it may influence emotional state and behavior. Sources of H2S include gaseous hydrogen sulfide, aqueous solutions of sodium hydrosulfide and sodium sulfide, hydrogen sulfide mineral water, and carbonyl sulfide. The therapeutic effect of topically applied H₂S-containing mineral water is due to the presence of hydrogen sulfide in free, partially bound, and bound forms. Mineral water also contains sulfur, sulfane sulfur (polysulfides), cyclic polynuclear organosulfur compounds, and dialkyl polysulfides. H2S penetrates the bloodstream via the skin, mucous membranes, and respiratory tract. Sulfide balneotherapy promotes reparative regeneration by activating polymorphonuclear leukocytes and enhances the structural organization of collagen fibers in scar tissue. Imbalances in hydrogen sulfide levels—both excess and deficiency—may be associated with several neurodegenerative disorders.

CONCLUSION: Hydrogen sulfide mineral water may serve as a donor of signaling molecules of the gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide, as evidenced by the positive therapeutic outcomes of balneotherapy.

Обоснование. Сероводород признан третьим газотрансмиттером, играющим существенную роль как в физиологических процессах, так и при различных заболеваниях. Экспериментально подтверждено, что он синтезируется в тканях, оказывая разнообразное физиологическое воздействие на сердечно-сосудистую, нервную и другие системы организма. Изучение роли H2S в метаболизме живых систем установило наличие доноров, которые способны его выделять, включая сульфидную минеральную воду, используемую в бальнеологии.

Цель. Обосновать роль сульфидной минеральной воды как донора сигнальных молекул газотрансмиттера сероводорода, инициирующих терапевтический эффект.

Материалы и методы. Проведён анализ публикаций последних 20 лет, отобранных в электронных базах данных РИНЦ, PubMed, Google Scholar и Medline. Поиск осуществляли по ключевым словам «газотрансмиттеры», «сероводород», «доноры сероводорода», «сульфидная бальнеотерапия». В результате было отобрано 63 публикации, наиболее релевантных теме исследования.

Результаты. Сероводород принадлежит к группе газотрансмиттеров — газообразных сигнальных молекул, вырабатываемых организмом человека и животных. Эти молекулы играют важную роль в регуляции клеточной активности и выступают в качестве медиаторов различных процессов. H2S оказывает многогранное физиологическое воздействие на различные системы организма, включая головной мозг, где он может влиять на эмоциональное состояние и поведение. Источниками сероводорода могут служить газообразный H2S, водные растворы гидросульфида и сульфида натрия, сульфидная минеральная вода и карбонилсульфид. Терапевтический эффект наружного применения сероводородных вод обусловлен наличием в них сульфида водорода в свободном, полусвязанном и связанном состояниях. Минеральная вода также содержит серу, сульфаны (полисероводороды), циклические полиядерные сероорганические соединения, а также диалкилполисульфиды. H2S проникает в кровь через кожу, слизистые оболочки и дыхательные пути. Сульфидные бальнеопроцедуры, активируя полиморфно-ядерные мононуклеары, способствуют репаративной регенерации и упорядочивают структуру коллегановых волокон в рубцовой ткани. Нарушение баланса сероводорода, как его избыток, так и дефицит, может быть связано с развитием ряда нейродегенеративных заболеваний.

Заключение. Сульфидная минеральная вода может служить донором сигнальных молекул газотрансмиттера сероводорода, что подтверждают положительные результаты эффективности бальнеотерапии.

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