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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экология человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-0869</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1444</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">646046</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/humeco646046</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">ILROFE</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Trace element status and health of Northern populations: a scientific review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Микроэлементный статус и здоровье жителей северных регионов: научный обзор</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>北方地区居民的微量元素状态与健康：科学综述</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2432-3408</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7050-3412</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbachev</surname><given-names>Anatoly L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбачев</surname><given-names>Анатолий Леонидович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Gorbachev</surname><given-names>Anatoly L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р. биол. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><email>gor000@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Research Center for Comprehensive Study of the Arctic named after Academician N.P. Laverov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр комплексного изучения Арктики им. акад. Н.П. Лаверова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Federal Research Center for Comprehensive Study of the Arctic named after Academician N.P. Laverov</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-07-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-07-28" publication-format="electronic"><day>28</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>225</fpage><lpage>238</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-01-13"><day>13</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-06-16"><day>16</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/646046">https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/646046</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Available publications define the objectives of biogeochemistry and introduce its key concepts: <italic>living matter</italic> and <italic>biogenic migration of chemical elements</italic>. According to studies, the biochemical parameters of living organisms depend on the geochemical environment and the content of essential elements within it. Researchers suggest that the physiological system of trace elements in living organisms serves as a structural and functional basis for metabolic processes.</p> <p>Biogeochemical provinces are areas with imbalanced concentrations of chemical elements. Trace element imbalance is geochemical diseases in humans and animals, with defined mechanisms of formation. Evidence shows that both deficiencies and excess of bioelements in the human body contribute to psychosomatic disorders, such as lifestyle diseases, reduced fertility, an increase in infertile marriages, and various forms of deviant behavior.</p> <p>Regional biogeochemical research is needed to study the distribution of chemical elements in the environment, plants, animals, and the human body. The natural and climatic conditions and the biogeochemical profile of northern regions are still poorly studied, particularly with regard to the elemental status of residents in the Arctic areas. Low levels of essential elements in the biosphere of the North create a biological burden for the population and contribute to an increased risk of trace element imbalance. Studies have identified common features of elemental status among residents of both the Asian and European North, including widespread deficiencies of cobalt, selenium, calcium, and iodine. Among migrants to the North, lower levels of iron, selenium, and fluoride lead to an acclimatization-related deficiency of these elements.</p> <p>The published data also indicates that the biosphere of the North is polluted. Arctic contamination affects soil and vegetation, drinking water, and leads to bioaccumulation of toxic elements such as mercury, lead, cadmium, and arsenic in living organisms.</p> <p>Nutritional patterns in the North are characterized by a reduced share of traditional food products in the local diet. The natural deficiency of essential elements, enhanced by the loss of biologically valuable nutrition, contributes to further deficiency of iron, zinc, cobalt, copper, manganese, iodine, and selenium, reducing the human body’s adaptive potential in northern conditions.</p> <p>An analysis of ecological and medical issues related to iodine allows clarifying its physiological role, assessing iodine sufficiency among the Russian population, identifying iodine deficiency as a public health concern, and proposing corrective measures.</p> <p>In conclusion, maintaining the health of northern populations requires biogeochemical monitoring of Arctic regions, identification of territories predisposed to biogeochemical endemics, and prevention of diseases of geochemical origin.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Литературные данные определяют задачи биогеохимии и вводят её ключевые понятия «живое вещество» и «биогенная миграция химических элементов». Согласно исследованиям, биохимические параметры живых организмов зависят от геохимического окружения и содержания в нём эссенциальных элементов. Учёные предполагают, что физиологическая система микроэлементов у живых организмов служит структурно-функциональной основой метаболических процессов.</p> <p>Биогеохимические провинции представляют собой территории с нарушенным содержанием химических элементов. Микроэлементозы — геохимические заболевания человека и животных и механизмы их формирования. Данные демонстрируют, что дефицит или избыток биоэлементов в организме человека вызывает психосоматические нарушения: болезни цивилизации, снижение фертильности, увеличение числа бесплодных браков, различные формы девиантного поведения.</p> <p>Региональные биогеохимические исследования необходимы для изучения распределения химических элементов в окружающей среде, растениях, животных, организме человека. Природно-климатические условия и биогеохимическая характеристика районов Севера малоизучены, особенно в отношении элементного статуса жителей арктических регионов. Низкое содержание эссенциальных элементов в биосфере Севера создаёт биологические нагрузки для жителей и предопределяет риск развития микроэлементозов. Исследования определяют общие черты элементного статуса жителей Азиатского и Европейского Севера: распространение дефицита кобальта, селена, кальция, йода. У мигрантов Севера понижено содержание железа, селена, фтора, что приводит к акклиматизационному дефициту этих элементов.</p> <p>Литературные данные указывают на загрязнение биосферы Севера. Загрязнение Арктики затрагивает почвенно-растительные комплексы, питьевую воду, а также приводит к кумуляции в живых организмах токсичных элементов: ртути, свинца, кадмия, мышьяка.</p> <p>Особенности питания в условиях Севера связаны с пониженной долей традиционных продуктов питания в рационе жителей. Природный дефицит эссенциальных элементов, усиленный потерей биологически ценного питания, приводит к увеличению дефицита железа, цинка, кобальта, меди, марганца, йода, селена и снижает адаптационный потенциал организма человека в условиях Севера.</p> <p>Анализ эколого-медицинских проблем йода позволяет определить его физиологическую роль, оценить уровень обеспеченности йодом населения России, выявить проблему йодного дефицита и предложить пути её коррекции.</p> <p>В заключении отмечено, что поддержание здоровья жителей Севера требует биогеохимического мониторинга арктических регионов, выявления территорий с повышенной предрасположенностью к биогеохимическим эндемиям и профилактики заболеваний геохимической природы.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>文献资料界定了生物地球化学的研究任务，并引入其核心概念：“生命物质”与“化学元素的生源性迁移”。研究表明，生物体的生化参数取决于地球化学环境及其所含的必需元素。科学界认为，生物体中的微量元素生理系统是代谢过程的结构和功能基础。</p> <p>生物地球化学省是指化学元素含量异常的地区。微量元素病是人类和动物的地球化学性疾病，以及其形成机制。数据显示，人体内生物元素的缺乏或过量可导致多种身心障碍，如文明病、生育能力下降、不孕婚姻比例增加及各种形式的越轨行为。</p> <p>区域性生物地球化学研究对于分析环境、植物、动物及人体中化学元素的分布具有重要意义。北方地区的自然气候条件及生物地球化学特征尚研究不足，尤其缺乏关于北极地区居民元素状态的数据。北方生物圈中必需元素含量较低，给当地居民造成生物学负荷，并增加微量元素病的发生风险。研究指出，亚欧北方居民的元素状态具有共性，主要表现为钴、硒、钙和碘的缺乏。在迁居北方者中，铁、硒和氟的含量普遍偏低，形成了与适应过程相关的元素缺乏状态。</p> <p>文献资料亦指出北方生物圈的污染问题。北极污染影响土壤植被系统与饮用水，并造成生物体内汞、铅、镉、砷等有毒元素的蓄积。</p> <p>北方地区的饮食特点包括传统食物在膳食中所占比例降低。自然环境中必需元素的缺乏，再加上生物学价值食物摄入量的减少，导致铁、锌、钴、铜、锰、碘、硒等元素的缺乏进一步加重，并削弱人体在北方环境中的适应潜能。</p> <p>对碘相关的生态医学问题的分析可帮助明确其生理功能，评估俄罗斯居民的碘营养水平，识别碘缺乏问题，并提出相应的矫正路径。</p> <p>结论指出，保障北方居民健康，需要在北极地区开展生物地球化学监测，识别生物地球化学地方病高发区域，并实施地球化学性疾病的预防策略。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>biogeochemistry</kwd><kwd>chemical elements</kwd><kwd>North</kwd><kwd>biogeochemical provinces</kwd><kwd>population</kwd><kwd>trace element imbalance</kwd><kwd>deficiency correction</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>биогеохимия</kwd><kwd>химические элементы</kwd><kwd>Север</kwd><kwd>биогеохимические провинции</kwd><kwd>население</kwd><kwd>микроэлементозы</kwd><kwd>коррекция дефицита</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>生物地球化学</kwd><kwd>化学元素</kwd><kwd>北方</kwd><kwd>生物地球化学省</kwd><kwd>人群</kwd><kwd>微量元素病</kwd><kwd>缺乏矫正</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Vernadsky VI. 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