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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экология человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-0869</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1444</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">648668</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/humeco648668</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">JVEJYU</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDY ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Circannual variations in partial oxygen density depending on solar activity level and climatic zone</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Цирканнуальные вариации парциальной плотности кислорода в зависимости от уровня солнечной активности и климатического пояса</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>日光活动水平与气候带对氧密度年周期变化的影响</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5318-9623</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7132-3844</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ragozin</surname><given-names>Oleg N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рагозин</surname><given-names>Олег Николаевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Ragozin</surname><given-names>Oleg N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>oragozin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">AHC-1001-2022</contrib-id><name><surname>Muthelo</surname><given-names>Livhuwani</given-names></name><address><country country="ZA">South Africa</country></address><bio><p>PhD</p></bio><email>livhuwani.muthelo@ul.ac.za</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5201-4496</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8125-9359</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shalamova</surname><given-names>Elena Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаламова</surname><given-names>Елена Юрьевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Shalamova</surname><given-names>Elena Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biology), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biology), Associate Professor</p></bio><email>selenzik@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5923-0941</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4369-3372</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gudkov</surname><given-names>Andrei B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гудков</surname><given-names>Андрей Борисович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Gudkov</surname><given-names>Andrei B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>gudkovab@nsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0939-6411</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Radysh</surname><given-names>Ivan V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Радыш</surname><given-names>Иван Васильевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Radysh</surname><given-names>Ivan V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>iradysh@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0199-2948</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2372-6621</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ragozinа</surname><given-names>Elina R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рагозина</surname><given-names>Элина Разифовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Ragozinа</surname><given-names>Elina R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>elinka1000@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5759-0270</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6095-8392</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pogonysheva</surname><given-names>Irina</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Погонышева</surname><given-names>Ирина Александровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology), Associate Professor</p></bio><email>severina.i@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Khanty-Mansiysk State Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ханты-Мансийская государственная медицинская академия</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Khanty-Mansiysk State Medical Academy</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Limpopo University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет Лимпопо</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Limpopo University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Northern State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северный государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Northern State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов им. Патриса Лумумбы</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Nizhnevartovsk State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Нижневартовский государственный университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Nizhnevartovsk State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-07-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>32</fpage><lpage>41</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-01-29"><day>29</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-03-26"><day>26</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/648668">https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/648668</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> Some medical weather classifications identify reduced partial oxygen density in the air as a key parameter affecting human well-being. This parameter can be modulated not only by meteorological factors but also by the helio-geophysical environment. It should be noted that synoptic combinations with elevated oxygen content are not considered among the weather types, although several studies have shown that hyperoxia can have adverse effects on health.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> To assess the influence of circannual variations in solar activity on the changes of atmospheric partial oxygen density in subarctic and subtropical regions.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:<italic> </italic></bold>Calculations of partial oxygen density were based on daily average values of air temperature, atmospheric pressure, and relative humidity of the ambient air. Sunspot number data were obtained from publicly available sources provided by the Royal Observatory of Belgium. Data from 2007 (a year of low solar activity in the 23rd solar cycle) and 2001 (a year of high solar activity) were compared. Wavelet analysis was used for mathematical processing.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> The mesor, amplitude, coefficient of variation, and rhythm spectrum of sunspot numbers differed significantly between the years of low (2007) and high (2001) solar activity. In 2001, the dominant rhythm was close to a semiannual cycle. In 2007, the rhythm of sunspot numbers was 27.27 days. In Khanty-Mansiysk, the seasonal range of partial oxygen density was ~147 g/m<sup>3</sup> in 2001 and ~70 g/m<sup>3</sup> in 2007. The annual cycle was characterized by prevailing hyperoxia, with upper values reaching 395 g/m<sup>3 </sup>(normal: 285 g/m<sup>3</sup>). In Polokwane, the winter–summer variation in partial oxygen density in 2001 was approximately 24 g/m<sup>3</sup> (virtually the same as in 2007, 30 g/m<sup>3</sup>), which falls into the category of unfavorable hypoxic weather. In the year of high solar activity (2001), a polyrhythmic pattern of both stable and transient rhythms of partial oxygen density was observed in both subarctic and subtropical regions.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> In the subarctic region, wintertime values of partial oxygen density were high in the year of low solar activity and very high in the year of high activity. Seasonal fluctuations between hyperoxia and hypoxia extended far beyond the range of favorable weather types. Fluctuations in partial oxygen density characteristic of the subtropical climate consistently remained within hypoxic ranges, regardless of solar activity levels. During the year of elevated solar activity, both examined regions exhibited polyrhythmic patterns of partial oxygen density, indicative of desynchronosis. It is recommended that medical weather classifications be expanded to include “hyperoxic day” and “hyperoxic weather type.”</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Существуют медицинские классификации погоды, где определяющим параметром, влияющим на самочувствие человека, является снижение в воздухе парциальной плотности кислорода, которая может модулироваться не только метеофакторами, но и гелиогеофизической обстановкой. Необходимо отметить, что среди типов погод не рассматриваются синоптические комбинации с повышенным содержанием кислорода, хотя в ряде исследований установлено негативное воздействие гипероксии на здоровье.</p> <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Оценить влияние окологодовых вариаций солнечной активности на динамику парциальной плотности кислорода атмосферного воздуха в субарктическом и субтропическом регионах.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Для расчёта парциальной плотности кислорода использовали ежедневные среднесуточные значения температуры, атмосферного давления и относительной влажности окружающего воздуха. Данные о числе солнечных пятен получены из общедоступных материалов Королевской обсерватории Бельгии. Сравнивали данные за 2007 г., как наиболее спокойный год 23-го цикла солнечной активности, и за 2001 г., когда активность солнца была высокой. Для математической обработки применяли вейвлет-анализ.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> В годы спокойного (2007 г.) и активного (2001 г.) солнца значимо отличаются мезоры числа солнечных пятен, амплитуда их колебаний, коэффициент вариации и спектр ритмов. В 2001 г. наиболее мощным являлся ритм, близкий к полугодовому. В 2007 г. динамика числа солнечных пятен составляла 27,27 сут. В Ханты-Мансийске размах сезонных колебаний парциальной плотности кислорода в 2001 г. был ~147 г/м<sup>3</sup>, в 2007 ~70 г/м<sup>3</sup>. В годовом цикле превалирует гипероксия с верхней границей 395 г/м<sup>3 </sup>(норма 285 г/м<sup>3</sup>). В Полокване в 2001 г. зимне-летняя вариация парциальной плотности кислорода составляет ~24 г/м<sup>3 </sup>(практически не отличается от 2007 г. — 30 г/м<sup>3</sup>), что попадает в разряд неблагоприятной гипоксической погоды. В год активного солнца (2001 г.) обнаруживается полиритмия постоянных и вставочных ритмов парциальной плотности кислорода как в субарктическом, так и в субтропическом регионах.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> В субарктическом регионе в зимний период наблюдаются высокие значения парциальной плотности кислорода в год спокойного солнца и очень высокие — в год активного солнца. Сезонная вариативность состояния «гипероксия/гипоксия» выходит далеко за рамки благоприятного типа погоды. Для субтропического климата характерны колебания парциальной плотности кислорода в пределах гипоксического статуса вне зависимости от уровня солнечной активности. В год высокой солнечной активности в обоих исследованных регионах выявлена полиритмия парциальной плотности кислорода как признак десинхроноза. Медицинские классификации погод рекомендуем дополнить такими пунктами, как «гипероксический день» и «гипероксический тип погоды».</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>论证。在医学气象分类中，影响人体舒适感受的一个关键因素是空气中氧密度的下降，而该参数不仅受气象条件的调节，还可能受到太阳地球物理环境的影响。值得指出的是，在这些天气类型中尚未纳入富氧的天气组合，尽管已有研究证实高氧状态可能对健康产生不利影响。</p> <p>目的。评估太阳活动的近年周期变化对亚北极和亚热带地区大气氧密度动态的影响。</p> <p>材料与方法。为计算氧密度，使用了每日的平均气温、大气压和相对湿度值。关于太阳黑子数的数据来自Royal Observatory of Belgium公开发布的资料。比较了第23太阳活动周期中最为平静的年份2007年和太阳活动最为活跃的年份2001年的数据。数学分析采用小波分析法。</p> <p>结果。在太阳活动平静（2007年）和活跃（2001年）年份，太阳黑子数的中值、波动幅度、变异系数和节律谱存在显著差异。2001年最显著的节律接近半年周期。2007年太阳黑子数的变化节律为27.27天。在Khanty-Mansiysk，2001年氧密度的季节波动幅度约为147 g/m<sup>3</sup>， 2007年约为70 g/m3。全年周期内以高氧状态为主，其上限为395 g/m3（正常值为285 g/m<sup>3</sup>）。 在Polokwane，2001年冬夏季节的氧密度变化约为 24 g/m3（与2007年的30 g/m3 差异不大），均被归为不利的低氧型天气条件。在太阳活动活跃年（2001年），在亚北极和亚热带地区均发现氧密度存在主节律与插入节律共存的多节律现象。</p> <p>结论。在亚北极地区的冬季，太阳活动平静年份的氧密度水平较高，而在太阳活动活跃年份则达到非常高的水平。“高氧/低氧”状态的季节性变异明显超出有利天气类型的范围。亚热带地区的氧密度波动始终处于低氧状态，且不受太阳活动水平的影响。在太阳活动旺盛年份，两个地区均观察到氧密度节律的多样性，可作为生物节律失调（desynchronosis）的一个指征。建议将“高氧日”和“高氧型天气”纳入医学气象分类体系。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>extreme weather conditions</kwd><kwd>oxygen</kwd><kwd>hypoxia</kwd><kwd>hyperoxia</kwd><kwd>North</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>экстремальные погодные условия</kwd><kwd>кислород</kwd><kwd>гипоксия</kwd><kwd>гипероксия</kwd><kwd>Север</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>极端气象条件</kwd><kwd>氧</kwd><kwd>低氧</kwd><kwd>高氧</kwd><kwd>北方地区</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Otradnova MI, Rogacheva SM, Zhutov AS, Kozlitin AM. 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