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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экология человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-0869</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1444</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">678047</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/humeco678047</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">IQWLOU</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDY ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Adrenergic receptor mechanisms of functional sympatholysis in the regulation of regional blood flow in response to epinephrine after 5-day cold acclimation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Адренорецепторные механизмы функционального симпатолизиса в регуляции регионального кровотока на эпинефрин на фоне 5-дневной холодовой адаптации</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>5天寒冷适应条件下肾上腺素对区域血流调节中功能性交感抑制的肾上腺素能机制</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4679-6441</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1718-8446</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ananev</surname><given-names>Vladimir N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ананьев</surname><given-names>Владимир Николаевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Ananev</surname><given-names>Vladimir N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>noradrenalin1952@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4287-8430</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4845-8340</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ananev</surname><given-names>Georgy V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ананьев</surname><given-names>Георгий Владимирович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Ananev</surname><given-names>Georgy V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>gvananiev@pharmstd.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3950-8296</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8602-3159</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Torshin</surname><given-names>Vladimir I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Торшин</surname><given-names>Владимир Иванович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Torshin</surname><given-names>Vladimir I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor</p></bio><email>vtorshin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0672-9164</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1239-5484</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ananeva</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ананьева</surname><given-names>Ольга Васильевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Ananeva</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>olvasan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт медико-биологических проблем Российской академии наук</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pharmstandard JSC</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">АО “ФАРМСТАНДАРТ”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Pharmstandard JSC</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов им. Патриса Лулумбы</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Tyumen State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Тюменский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Tyumen State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-06-02" publication-format="electronic"><day>02</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-07-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>64</fpage><lpage>73</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-04-02"><day>02</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-04-22"><day>22</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/678047">https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/678047</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>BACKGROUND</italic></bold><bold>:</bold>. During muscle contraction, blood flow in the working muscles increases tens of times due to the mechanisms of sympatholysis. However, there are no studies that would quantitatively describe the effect of epinephrine on arterial alpha-adrenergic receptors during sympatholysis against the background of 5-day cold adaptation.</p> <p><bold><italic>AIM</italic></bold><bold><italic>:</italic></bold> Objective. To study the effect of five-day cold adaptation on the adrenoreactivity of muscle arterial vessels during sympatholysis to different doses of epinephrine.</p> <p><bold><italic>MATERIAL AND METHODS</italic></bold><bold><italic>:</italic></bold> Material and methods. The experiments were carried out in 4 groups of rabbits. Control group (N1, n = 20) of rabbits. Sympatholysis group (N2, n = 15): electrical stimulation of muscles (frequency 5 Hz, voltage 10 V, L = 5 ms) to induce sympatholysis. Cold adaptation group (N3, n = 15) after 5-day exposure in a climatic chamber (−10 ° C, 6 h / day). Group (N4, n=15): combination of 5 days of cold adaptation with sympatholysis. In all rabbits, the limb muscles were perfused with blood through the femoral artery after ligation of all anastomoses using a constant-flow pump. After the introduction of 8 doses of epinephrine (0.5–30 μg/kg), the adrenoreactivity of the limb arteries was analyzed using the dose-effect reaction in double inverse Lineweaver–Burk coordinates. This allowed us to determine the number of active adrenoreceptors (Pm) and the sensitivity (1/Km) of adrenoreceptors to epinephrine.</p> <p><bold><italic>RESULTS</italic></bold><bold><italic>:</italic></bold> Sympatholysis after 5 days of cold adaptation (N4) was much less for all doses of epinephrine than without cold (N2), which proved a decrease in blood flow in the working muscles during sympatholysis against the background of cold. Analysis of this mechanism in double inverse Lineuwer-Burk coordinates revealed an increase in the number of active a-ARs (by 1.407 times or 40.7%) to Pm=312.5 mmHg during sympatholysis after cold with Pm=222 mmHg during sympatholysis without cold. At the same time, after cold (N4) during sympatholysis, the sensitivity (1/Km) of alpha-adrenoreceptors to epinephrine increased by 1.632 times (by 63.2%) to 1/Km=0.08 from the value of 1/Km=0.049 during sympatholysis without cold (N2). Complete leveling of sympatholysis after cold with 30 μg/kg epinephrine confirms the critical role of dose-dependent pharmacokinetics of arterial tone regulation under cold stress conditions.</p> <p><bold><italic>CONCLUSION</italic></bold><bold><italic>:</italic></bold> Conclusion. The obtained data allow us to draw the following conclusion: sympatholysis against the background of 5 days of cold persists, but was less than sympatholysis without cold. Increased adrenergic vasoconstriction after 5 days of cold optimizes heat conservation, but reduces blood flow in the working muscles, which limits physical performance. The discovered mechanisms explain the phenomenon of "early cold asthenia" in individuals with short-term arctic exposure, characterized by a decrease in tolerance to physical activity while maintaining basic hemodynamic homeostasis.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> При сокращении мышц увеличивается кровоток в работающих мышцах в десятки раз благодаря механизмам симпатолизиса. Однако отсутствуют исследования, которые бы количественно описывали влияние эпинефрина на альфа-адренорецепторы артерий при симпатолизисе на фоне 5-дневной холодовой адаптации.</p> <p><bold>Цель работы.</bold> Исследовать влияние пятидневной холодовой адаптации на адренореактивность артериальных сосудов мышц при симпатолизисе на разные дозы эпинефрина.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы</bold>. Исследование проведено в 4 группах кроликов: <bold>контрольная группа (N1, n=20)</bold> кроликов; <bold>группа симпатолизиса (N2, n=15) с </bold>электростимуляцией мышц (частота 5 Гц, напряжение 10 В, L= 5 мс) для индукции симпатолизиса; <bold>группа холодовой адаптации (N3, n=15) после</bold> 5-дневной экспозиции в климатической камере<bold> </bold>(−10°C, 6 ч/сутки);<bold> </bold><bold>группа кроликов с </bold>сочетанием 5 дней холодовой адаптации и индукции симпатолизиса (N4, n=15).<bold> </bold>У всех кроликов через бедренную артерию после перевязки всех анастомозов насосом постоянного расхода перфузировали кровью артерии мышц конечности. После введения 8 доз эпинефрина (0,5–30 мкг/кг) по реакции «доза-эффект» анализировалась адренореактивность артерий конечности в двойных обратных координатах Lineweaver–Burk. Это позволило определить количество активных адренорецепторов (Pм), и чувствительность (1/Кm) адренорецепторов к эпинефрину.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold><bold> Симпатолизис после 5 дней холодовой адаптации (</bold><bold>N</bold><bold>4) был на все дозы эпинефрина намного меньше, чем без холода (</bold><bold>N</bold><bold>2), что доказывало уменьшение кровотока в работающих мышцах при симпатолизисе на фоне холода. Анализ этого механизма в двойных обратных координатах Лайниувера-Берка выявил при симпатолизисе после холода увеличение количества активных </bold><bold>a</bold><bold>-</bold><bold>AR</bold><bold> (в 1,407 раза или на 40,7%) до </bold><bold>Pm</bold><bold>=312,5 мм рт.ст. по сравнению с </bold><bold>Pm</bold><bold>=222 мм рт.ст. при симпатолизисе без холода. Одновременно после холода (</bold><bold>N</bold><bold>4) при симпатолизисе увеличилась чувствительность (1/</bold><bold>Km</bold><bold>) в 1,632 раза (на 63,2%) альфа-адренорецепторов к эпинефрину до 1/</bold><bold>Km</bold><bold>=0,08 по сравнению от величины 1/</bold><bold>Km</bold><bold>=0,049 при симпатолизисе без холода (</bold><bold>N</bold><bold>2). </bold>Полная нивелировка симпатолизиса после холода при 30 мкг/кг эпинефрина подтверждает критическую роль дозозависимой фармакокинетики регуляции тонуса артерий в условиях холодового стресса.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Полученные данные позволяют сделать следующее заключение: симпатолизис на фоне 5 дней холода сохраняется, но в меньшей степени, чем симпатолизис без холода. Усиление адренергической вазоконстрикции после 5 дней холода оптимизирует теплосбережение, но снижает кровоток в работающих мышц, что лимитирует физическую работоспособность. Обнаруженные механизмы объясняют феномен "ранней холодовой астении" у лиц с краткосрочной арктической экспозицией, характеризующейся снижением толерантности к физическим нагрузкам при сохранении базового гемодинамического гомеостаза.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rabbits</kwd><kwd>5-day cold acclimation</kwd><kwd>epinephrine</kwd><kwd>arterial adrenergic receptors</kwd><kwd>sympatholysis</kwd><kwd>electrical muscle stimulation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кролики</kwd><kwd>5-дневная холодовая адаптация</kwd><kwd>эпинефрин</kwd><kwd>адренорецепторы артерий</kwd><kwd>симпатолизис</kwd><kwd>электростимуляция мышц</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>兔</kwd><kwd>5天寒冷适应</kwd><kwd>肾上腺素</kwd><kwd>动脉肾上腺素能受体</kwd><kwd>交感抑制</kwd><kwd>肌肉电刺激</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Voronkov NS, Popov SV, Naryzhnaya NV, et al. 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