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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экология человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-0869</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1444</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">679250</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/humeco679250</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">HLVFDS</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDY ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Post-COVID Trends of Health-Related Quality of Life in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Динамика качества здоровья госпитализированных пациентов с COVID-19 в постковидный период</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>后新冠期COVID-19住院患者健康质量的动态变化</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9876-9202</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4521-9097</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lakman</surname><given-names>Irina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лакман</surname><given-names>Ирина Александровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Lakman</surname><given-names>Irina A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Engineering), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. техн. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Cand. Sci. (Engineering), Associate Professor</p></bio><email>Lackmania@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2386-6707</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5910-1156</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zagidullin</surname><given-names>Naufal Sh.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Загидуллин</surname><given-names>Науфаль Шамилевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Zagidullin</surname><given-names>Naufal Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>znaufal@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1004-0722</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1449-1716</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Timiryanova</surname><given-names>Venera M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимирьянова</surname><given-names>Венера Маратовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Timiryanova</surname><given-names>Venera M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Economics), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р экон. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Dr. Sci. (Economics), Associate Professor</p></bio><email>79174073127@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8167-4271</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6423-5847</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Badykova</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бадыкова</surname><given-names>Елена Альбертовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Badykova</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>lnurova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5972-6418</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8816-1568</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Davtian</surname><given-names>Paruir A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Давтян</surname><given-names>Паруйр Артакович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Davtian</surname><given-names>Paruir A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>davtyanparuir@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1874-8661</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4542-3725</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gareeva</surname><given-names>Diana F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гареева</surname><given-names>Диана Фирдависовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Gareeva</surname><given-names>Diana F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><email>danika09@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4596-598X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Islanov</surname><given-names>Albert E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исланов</surname><given-names>Альберт Эдуардович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Islanov</surname><given-names>Albert E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>mr.islanov_albert@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1194-2199</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shamuratov</surname><given-names>Murat N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шамуратов</surname><given-names>Мурат Нуриманович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Shamuratov</surname><given-names>Murat N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>shamuratov.murat@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ufa University of Science and Technology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Уфимский университет науки и технологий</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Ufa University of Science and Technology</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bashkir State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Башкирский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Bashkir State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bashkir State Agrarian University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Башкирский государственный аграрный университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Bashkir State Agrarian University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-09-03" publication-format="electronic"><day>03</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-10-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>8</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>598</fpage><lpage>609</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-05-07"><day>07</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-08-20"><day>20</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/679250">https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/679250</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND: </bold>Standardized questionnaires make it possible to track changes in patients’ health-related quality of life after COVID-19 and to identify long-term consequences of the disease.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> The work aimed to evaluate the trends of physical and mental health in patients after hospitalization for COVID-19-associated pneumonia based on health-related quality indices.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> It was a cohort study with two-staged survey (2022 and 2024) using the international VR-12 questionnaire. The study included patients hospitalized at the Bashkir State Medical University Clinic (Ufa) in 2020 for moderate-to-severe COVID-19-associated pneumonia. Based on VR-12 responses, physical and mental component summary scores were calculated. Changes over time were assessed using the Wilcoxon test. Factors influencing index values at each study stage were identified using linear regression models.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> The study included 134 patients who completed the VR-12 questionnaire. Between stage I and stage II, no statistically significant change was observed in the physical component summary score, which was 75 points [54.17; 91.67] (p=0.800). In contrast, a statistically significant decline was found in the mental component summary score at stage II compared with stage I, i.e. 68.33 [52.5; 79.17] vs. 75.83 [59.17; 85.83] points, respectively (p &lt;0.001). Regression analysis demonstrated that the percentage of lung involvement at the time of hospitalization in 2020 for COVID-19-associated pneumonia significantly reduced patients’ self-assessed mental health in 2022 (p=0.045). By 2024, this effect persisted but was attenuated (p=0.072). Importantly, lung involvement had no effect on physical health indicators either 2 or 4 years after hospitalization for COVID-19.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> The evaluation of health-related quality of life trends in patients after COVID-19-associated pneumonia showed that the consequences of moderate-to-severe disease persist for at least four years, manifested by a sustained reduction in self-reported mental health.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Использование стандартизированных опросников позволяет отследить динамику качества здоровья пациентов после COVID-19, а также выявить наличие отдалённых последствий перенесённого заболевания в долгосрочной перспективе.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования.</bold> Оценка динамики физического и психического здоровья пациентов после госпитализации по поводу перенесённой COVID-19-ассоциированной пневмонии на основе индексов качества здоровья.</p> <p><bold>Методы. </bold>Проведено когортное исследование, включавшее два этапа анкетирования (2022 и 2024 гг.) с использованием международного опросника VR-12. В исследование включены пациенты, госпитализированные в клинику Башкирского государственного медицинского университета (Уфа) в 2020 году по поводу COVID-19-ассоциированной пневмонии средней и тяжёлой степени. На основании ответов по опроснику VR-12 рассчитывали индексы физического и психического компонентов здоровья. Сравнение динамики индексов проводили с помощью критерия Вилкоксона. Определяли факторы, влияющие на значения индексов для каждого этапа исследования с помощью уравнений линейной регрессии.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>В исследование включено<bold> </bold>134 пациента, прошедших анкетирование с использованием опросника VR-12. На I и II этапе исследования не отмечено статистически значимых изменений индекса физического компонента здоровья — 75 баллов [54,17; 91,67] (<italic>р</italic>=0,800). В свою очередь, выявлено статистически значимое снижение индекса психического компонента здоровья на II этапе исследования в сравнении с I этапом — 68,33 [52,5; 79,17] и 75,83 баллов [59,17; 85,83] соответственно (<italic>p </italic>&lt;0,001). Проведённой регрессионный анализ продемонстрировал, что процент поражения лёгких при госпитализации в 2020 году по поводу COVID-19-ассоциированной пневмонии статистически значимо снижал самооценку психического здоровья пациентов в 2022 году (<italic>p</italic>=0,045). К 2024 году это влияние сохранено, но ослаблено (<italic>p</italic>=0,072). Тем не менее на показатели физического здоровья данный фактор не влиял как спустя 2, так и 4 года после госпитализации по поводу COVID-19.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Оценка динамики качества здоровья у пациентов после COVID-19-ассоциированной пневмонии, показала, что последствия перенесённого в среднетяжёлой форме заболевания сохраняются как минимум в течение четырёх лет, сопровождаясь снижением самооценки психического здоровья.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>论证：应用标准化问卷可以追踪COVID-19患者在感染后的健康质量动态，并揭示该疾病在长期前景中的远期影响。</p> <p>目的：基于健康质量指数评估因COVID-19相关性肺炎住院后患者的身心健康动态变化。</p> <p>方法：开展队列研究，包括两个阶段的问卷调查（2022年与2024年），采用国际通用VR-12问卷。纳入对象为2020年因中度和重度COVID-19相关性肺炎而住院于Bashkir State Medical University Clinic（Ufa）的患者。根据VR-12问卷结果计算身体与心理健康成分指数。采用Wilcoxon检验比较指数的动态变化。并通过线性回归方程确定在研究各阶段中影响指数数值的因素。</p> <p>结果：共有134名患者完成VR-12问卷。研究第I阶段与第II阶段之间，身体健康成分指数未见统计学显著差异—75 分 [54.17; 91.67]（p=0.800）。相反，心理健康成分指数在第II阶段较第I阶段显著下降，分别为68.33分[52.5; 79.17]与75.83分[59.17; 85.83] （p &lt;0.001）。回归分析显示，2020年因COVID-19相关性肺炎住院时的肺部受累比例在统计学上显著降低了患者在2022年的心理健康自评（p=0.045）。到2024年，这种影响依然存在，但已减弱（p=0.072）。然而，该因素在COVID-19住院后无论经过2年还是4年，对身体健康指数均未产生影响。</p> <p>结论：对在因中度和重度COVID-19相关性肺炎住院后的患者进行健康质量动态评估表明，该疾病的后遗影响至少在四年内持续存在，并伴随患者心理健康自评的下降。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>longitudinal assessment</kwd><kwd>VR-12 questionnaire</kwd><kwd>health-related quality indices</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>оценка в динамике</kwd><kwd>опросник VR-12</kwd><kwd>индексы оценки качества здоровья</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>动态评估</kwd><kwd>VR-12问卷</kwd><kwd>健康质量评估指数</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>22-18-20123</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Cabrera Martimbianco AL, Pacheco RL, Bagattini M, Riera R. 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