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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экология человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-0869</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1444</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">685787</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/humeco685787</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">SUPTRD</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDY ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Self-Assessment of Exposure Levels to Harmful Occupational Factors at the Workplaces of Miners</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Самооценка уровней воздействия вредных производственных факторов на рабочих местах шахтёров</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>矿工工作场所有害生产因素作用水平的自我评估</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5983-3547</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8367-0651</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zibarev</surname><given-names>Evgeny V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зибарев</surname><given-names>Евгений Владимирович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Zibarev</surname><given-names>Evgeny V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., заместитель директора по научной работе ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт медицины труда имени академика Н.Ф. Измерова»</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><email>zibarev@irioh.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1211-2926</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9903-1505</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vostrikova</surname><given-names>Svetlana M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вострикова</surname><given-names>Светлана Михайловна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Vostrikova</surname><given-names>Svetlana M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Economics)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. экон. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Cand. Sci. (Economics)</p></bio><email>vostrikovasveta@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6509-2485</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7296-5908</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kravchenko</surname><given-names>Olga K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кравченко</surname><given-names>Ольга Кирилловна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Kravchenko</surname><given-names>Olga K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>kravchenko_ok@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7215-0095</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8631-1898</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bessonova</surname><given-names>Anna K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бессонова</surname><given-names>Анна Константиновна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Bessonova</surname><given-names>Anna K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>bessankonsta@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0036-6603</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1680-7261</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikonova</surname><given-names>Sofia M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никонова</surname><given-names>София Максимовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Nikonova</surname><given-names>Sofia M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sofianikonova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Scientific Research Institute of Occupational Health n.a. academician N.F. Izmerov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт медицины труда им. акад. Н.Ф. Измерова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Scientific Research Institute of Occupational Health n.a. academician N.F. Izmerov</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">All-Russian Research Institute of Labor</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт труда</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">All-Russian Research Institute of Labor</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-08-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-09-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>7</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>504</fpage><lpage>516</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-26"><day>26</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-08-09"><day>09</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/685787">https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/685787</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>BACKGROUND:</italic></bold> The current methodology of special assessment of working conditions does not fully ensure objective identification of hazardous and/or harmful occupational factors in miners’ workplaces, nor does it adequately reflect their actual exposure levels or the specifics of work activities associated with mining conditions, regional climate, and labor intensity at different technological stages. Questionnaire surveys make it possible to supplement the understanding of working conditions, to use these data for identifying hazardous and/or harmful occupational factors as part of workplace assessment, and to assess the individual workers' appraisals of the conditions in which they perform their regular work.</p> <p><bold><italic>AIM: </italic></bold>To evaluate the objectivity of identifying hazardous and/or harmful occupational factors and their levels at miners’ workplaces, and to determine specific features of work and rest regimes and medical care based on questionnaire survey data.</p> <p><bold><italic>METHODS: </italic></bold>A cross-sectional study was conducted with a one-time assessment of the prevalence of occupational factors and work environment characteristics using a questionnaire survey of 257 miners from a coal mine in the Kemerovo region. A database was compiled and analyzed, including information on potential exposure levels to hazardous and/or harmful occupational factors at the workplace, tools and equipment used, work and rest regimes, sanitary and welfare conditions, and workers’ health status. The significance of individual hazardous and/or harmful occupational factors in miners’ work was determined, and their ranking and impact on health were evaluated.</p> <p><bold><italic>RESULTS: </italic></bold>By degree of severity and impact on miners’ health, hazardous and/or harmful occupational factors were ranked as follows: aerosols with predominantly fibrogenic effect (3.4 points), workload severity (3.4), noise (3.3), microclimate (3.1), local vibration (2.9), work intensity (2.9), whole-body vibration (2.6), chemical exposure (2.2). The most unfavorable working conditions were observed in shaft sinkers and longwall miners. Overall, 73.1% of miners reported that their work negatively affected their health; among them, 23% rated their health as satisfactory, and 20% as poor or very poor.</p> <p><bold><italic>CONCLUSION: </italic></bold>The findings are of scientific and practical interest, as they provide current data on harmful occupational factors actually identified in miners’ workplaces by different professional groups. The study substantiates the importance of personalized general hygienic and biomedical preventive measures to mitigate modifiable occupational risks and to guide priority areas for preventive interventions.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование</bold>. Методика специальной оценки условий труда не в полной мере позволяет провести на рабочих местах шахтёров объективную идентификацию вредных и (или) опасных производственных факторов, учесть их реальные уровни, а также специфику трудовой деятельности, связанной с особенностями условий добычи, климатом региона, интенсивностью труда на определённом этапе технологического процесса. Анкетный опрос позволяет дополнить представление об условиях труда, использовать эти данные для идентификации вредных и (или) опасных производственных факторов в рамках специальной оценки условий труда и оценить восприятие отдельным работником тех условий, в которых он осуществляет постоянную трудовую деятельность.</p> <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Оценить объективность идентификации вредных и (или) опасных производственных факторов и их уровни на рабочем месте шахтёров, установить особенности труда и отдыха, а также медицинского обеспечения по данным анкетного опроса.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Проведено поперечное исследование с одномоментной оценкой распространённости производственных факторов и особенностей условий труда по данным анкетного опроса 257 работников одной из шахт Кемеровской области. Сформирована и проанализирована база данных, включающая сведения о потенциальных уровнях воздействия при контакте с вредными и (или) опасными производственными факторами на рабочем месте, применяемом инструменте и оборудовании, режимах труда и отдыха, санитарно-бытовых условиях и состоянии здоровья работников. Установлена значимость отдельных вредных и (или) опасных производственных факторов в труде шахтёров, проведено их ранжирование и влияние на состояние здоровья.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> По степени выраженности и влиянию на состояние здоровья шахтёров вредные и (или) опасные производственные факторы ранжированы следующем образом: аэрозоли преимущественно фиброгенного действия (3,4 балла), тяжесть трудового процесса (3,4 балла), шум (3,3 балла), микроклимат (3,1 балла), вибрация локальная (2,9 балла), напряжённость (2,9 балла), общая вибрация (2,6 балла), химический фактор (2,2 балла). Наиболее неблагоприятные условия труда выявлены у проходчиков и горнорабочих очистного забоя; 73,1% шахтёров отметили, что выполняемая работа ухудшает состояние здоровья, среди которых у 23% оно удовлетворительное, а у 20% – тяжёлое и очень тяжёлое.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Полученные результаты представляют научный и практический интерес, так как содержат современные данные о реально идентифицируемых вредных производственных факторах на рабочих местах, выявленных различными профессиональными группами шахтёров. В исследовании обоснована важность персонифицированных общегигиенических и медико-биологических профилактических мероприятий для снижения устранимых факторов профессиональных рисков, выбора приоритетных направлений превентивной работы.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>论证。劳动条件特别评估方法并不能充分、客观地识别矿工工作场所中的有害和（或）危险生产因素，难以全面考虑其实际水平以及与采矿条件、区域气候和某一阶段劳动强度相关的工作特性。问卷调查能够补充对劳动条件的认识，可将所得数据用于在劳动条件特别评估框架下识别有害和（或）危险生产因素，并可用于评估个体劳动者对其长期工作环境的感知。</p> <p>目的。评估矿工工作场所有害和（或）危险生产因素的识别客观性及其水平，并根据问卷调查结果明确劳动与休息制度的特点，以及医疗保障状况。</p> <p>材料与方法。开展了一项横断面研究，对来自Kemerovo area某矿山的257名工人进行了问卷调查，并在同一时间点评估生产因素的普遍性和劳动条件的特征。建立并分析了数据库，其中包括以下内容：在工作场所接触有害和（或）危险生产因素时的潜在作用水平、所使用的工具和设备、劳动与休息制度、卫生与生活条件以及工人的健康状况。进一步确定了矿工劳动中各类有害和（或）危险生产因素的重要性，对其进行了排序，并评估了其对健康的影响。</p> <p>结果。根据其严重程度及对健康影响的程度排序，有害和（或）危险生产因素依次为：以成纤维作用为主的气溶胶（3.4分）、劳动过程强度（3.4分）、噪声（3.3分）、微气候 （3.1分）、局部振动（2.9分）、紧张度（2.9分）、全身振动（2.6分）、化学因素（2.2分）。最不利的劳动条件出现在掘进工和综采工中。73.1%的矿工表示工作对其健康产生不良影响，其中23%自评健康状况为尚可，20%为重度或极重度。</p> <p>结论。本研究结果具有科学和实践意义，提供了关于矿工不同职业群体在工作场所中实际可识别的有害生产因素的最新数据。研究强调了制定个体化的卫生学与医学预防措施的重要性，以降低可避免的职业风险，并为选择预防性工作的优先方向提供依据。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>questionnaire survey</kwd><kwd>miners</kwd><kwd>harmful occupational factors</kwd><kwd>occupational risk</kwd><kwd>health status</kwd><kwd>medical examination</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>анкетный опрос</kwd><kwd>шахтёры</kwd><kwd>вредные производственные факторы</kwd><kwd>профессиональный риск</kwd><kwd>состояние здоровья</kwd><kwd>медицинский осмотр</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>问卷调查</kwd><kwd>矿工</kwd><kwd>有害生产因素</kwd><kwd>职业风险</kwd><kwd>健康状况</kwd><kwd>医学检查</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Filimonov ES, Korotenko OYu, Ulanova EV, Tapeshkina NV. 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