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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экология человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-0869</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1444</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">686884</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/humeco686884</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">NEJJWY</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDY ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Impact of Hypertension on Cognitive Function in Middle Age in the European North of Russia: P300 Event-Related Potential Study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние артериальной гипертензии на когнитивные функции в среднем возрасте на Европейском Севере России: исследование с применением метода потенциалов, связанных с событием Р300</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>动脉高血压对中年人群认知功能的影响：基于P300事件相关电位的研究</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2323-5246</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9022-9696</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Krivonogova</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кривоногова</surname><given-names>Елена Вячеславовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Krivonogova</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><email>elena200280@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7267-8836</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1086-3008</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Krivonogova</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кривоногова</surname><given-names>Ольга Вячеславовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Krivonogova</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><email>ja.olga1@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7537-0837</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3148-6180</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Poskotinova</surname><given-names>Liliya V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поскотинова</surname><given-names>Лилия Владимировна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Poskotinova</surname><given-names>Liliya V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biology), MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biology), MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><email>liliya200572@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Research Center for Comprehensive Study of the Arctic named after Academician N.P. Laverov of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр комплексного изучения Арктики им. акад. Н.П. Лавёрова Уральского отделения Российской академии наук</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Federal Research Center for Comprehensive Study of the Arctic named after Academician N.P. Laverov of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-08-12" publication-format="electronic"><day>12</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-09-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>7</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>469</fpage><lpage>478</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-07-07"><day>07</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-07-30"><day>30</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/686884">https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/686884</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>B</italic></bold><bold><italic>ACKGROUND: </italic></bold>Hypertension is a known risk factor for adverse cognitive outcomes. The age at which it begins to affect cognitive function remains unclear.</p> <p><bold><italic>AIM: </italic></bold>The work aimed to investigate the impact of elevated blood pressure on cognitive function in middle-aged adults by assessing the auditory P300 event-related potential.</p> <p><bold><italic>METHODS: </italic></bold>This study included residents of Arkhangelsk aged 45–59 years with hypertension (<italic>n</italic> = 102) and without hypertension (<italic>n</italic> = 100). Three age periods were defined: 45–49, 50–54, and 55–59 years. Each age period was divided into two groups: group 1 (control)—individuals without hypertension; group 2—individuals with hypertension of the corresponding age. P300 and N2 components were recorded using a Neuron-Spectrum-4/VPM electroencephalography system (Neurosoft, Russia) with an auditory oddball paradigm. Blood pressure was measured with an OMRON Healthcare automatic tonometer.</p> <p><bold><italic>RESULTS: </italic></bold>In the 45–49-year age range, individuals with hypertension of median duration 5 years showed no differences in N2 or P300 latency or in P300 amplitude compared with the control group. In the 50–54-year age range, individuals with hypertension of median duration 8 years showed reduced P300 amplitude in the right parietal (P4) region compared with corresponding controls. In the 55–59-year age range, individuals with hypertension of median duration 9.7 years showed reduced P300 amplitude in parietal (P3, P4), central (C3, C4), and frontal (F3, F4) regions, along with prolonged N2 latency in the left parietal (P3), left anterior temporal (F7), and right frontal (F4) regions.</p> <p><bold><italic>CONCLUSION: </italic></bold>Middle-aged individuals with hypertension demonstrated a decline in attentional resources beginning at 50–54 years, and by 55–59 years this was accompanied by both reduced attentional resources and slowed speed of auditory stimulus discrimination and recognition.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Артериальная гипертензия является фактором риска негативных когнитивных последствий. В каком возрасте она начинает влиять на состояние когнитивных функций, неизвестно.</p> <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Изучение влияния повышенного артериального давления на когнитивные функции у людей среднего возраста путём оценки слухового вызванного потенциала, связанного с событием Р300.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В исследовании приняли участие люди в возрасте 45–59 лет с артериальной гипертензией (<italic>n</italic>=102) и без артериальной гипертензии (<italic>n</italic>=100), проживающие в Архангельске. Выделены три возрастных периода: 45–49 лет, 50–54 года, 55–59 лет. В каждом возрастном периоде выделено две группы: 1-я группа (контрольная) — лица, не имеющие артериальной гипертензии; 2-я группа — лица с артериальной гипертензией соответствующего возраста. Регистрацию компонентов Р300 и N2 проводили на электроэнцефалографе «Нейрон-Спектр-4/ВПМ» («Нейрософт», Россия), использовали парадигму oddball. Артериальное давление измеряли автоматическим тонометром OMRON Healthcare.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> В 45–49 лет у людей с артериальной гипертензией и её медианной длительностью 5 лет не наблюдалось различий в латентном времени N2 и P300 и величине амплитуды Р300 по сравнению с контрольной группой. В 50–54 года у людей с артериальной гипертензией и её медианной длительностью 8 лет отмечалось снижение амплитуды Р300 в теменной (Р4) области справа по сравнению с контрольной группой данного возраста. В 55–59 лет у людей с артериальной гипертензией и её медианной длительностью 9,7 года наблюдалось снижение амплитуды Р300 в теменных (Р3, Р4), центральных (С3, С4), лобных (F3, F4) отделах головного мозга, увеличение латентного времени N2 в теменной (Р3) области слева, передневисочном (F7) отделе слева, лобном (F4) отделе справа.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> В среднем возрасте у людей с артериальной гипертензией с 50–54 лет отмечалось снижение ресурсов внимания, с 55–59 лет наблюдалось снижение ресурсов внимания и замедление скорости дифференцировки и опознания звукового стимула.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>论证。动脉高血压是认知功能受损的重要危险因素。它在何种年龄阶段开始对认知功能产生影响尚不明确。</p> <p>目的。通过评估听觉事件相关电位P300，探讨中年人群动脉高血压对认知功能的影响。</p> <p>材料与方法。研究对象为45–59岁人群，其中高血压患者（n=102），无高血压者（n=100）， 均居住在Arkhangelsk市。按照年龄分为三个阶段：45–49岁、50–54岁、55–59岁。在每个年龄阶段均划分为两组：第1组（对照组）为无动脉高血压者，第2组为相应年龄段的动脉高血压患者。使用«Neuron-Spectrum-4/VPM»（Neurosoft，俄罗斯）脑电图仪，采用oddball范式记录P300与N2成分。血压采用OMRON自动血压计测量。</p> <p>结果。在45–49岁人群中，高血压组患者的中位病程为5年，与对照组相比，在N2与P300潜伏期及P300振幅上未见差异。在50–54人群中，高血压组患者的中位病程为8年，与同龄对照组相比，其右侧顶叶区（P4）的P300振幅显著降低。在55–59岁人群中，高血压组患者的中位病程为9.7年，与对照组相比，在顶叶（P3、P4）、中央区（C3、C4）、额叶（F3、F4）均出现P300振幅下降，并在左侧顶叶区（P3）、左侧额颞区（F7）、右侧额叶区（F4）观察到N2潜伏期延长。</p> <p>结论。在中年人群中，自50–54岁起，动脉高血压患者已出现注意力资源减退；至55–59岁，不仅注意力资源减退，还出现声音刺激区分与识别速度减慢的现象。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>event-related auditory potentials</kwd><kwd>hypertension</kwd><kwd>cognitive functions</kwd><kwd>middle age</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>слуховые потенциалы, связанные с событиями</kwd><kwd>артериальная гипертензия</kwd><kwd>когнитивные функции</kwd><kwd>средний возраст</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>听觉事件相关电位</kwd><kwd>动脉高血压</kwd><kwd>认知功能</kwd><kwd>中年期</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство образования и науки Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="zh">Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>125022002730-2</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Isaykina OYu, Vekhova KA, Drobotov GS, et al. 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