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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экология человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-0869</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1444</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">688019</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/humeco688019</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">IPGWUA</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Risk of reproductive disorders among information and communication technology professionals</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Риск репродуктивных нарушений среди специалистов информационно-коммуникационных технологий</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>信息通信技术专业人员的生殖障碍风险</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9506-563X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">6603587324</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">C-4294-2016</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9605-8332</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fatkhutdinova</surname><given-names>Liliya M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фатхутдинова</surname><given-names>Лилия Минвагизовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Fatkhutdinova</surname><given-names>Liliya M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>liliya.fatkhutdinova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5705-2007</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8700-9716</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mukhutdinova</surname><given-names>Adelya R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мухутдинова</surname><given-names>Аделя Ринатовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Mukhutdinova</surname><given-names>Adelya R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>post-graduate student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>post-graduate student</p></bio><email>adelya.gigienist@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0009-9103</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Amirov</surname><given-names>Nail Kh.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Амиров</surname><given-names>Наиль Хабибуллович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Amirov</surname><given-names>Nail Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, академик РАМН</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences</p></bio><email>amirov@kgmu.kcn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Kazan State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-02-18" publication-format="electronic"><day>18</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>33</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>82</fpage><lpage>95</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-07-22"><day>22</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-02-07"><day>07</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/688019">https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/688019</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> Modern information technologies and automation of work processes have been widely integrated into professional activities worldwide, resulting in the widespread emergence of workplaces characterized by exposure to factors potentially associated with reproductive disorders. Changes in working conditions among professionals who intensively use information and communication technologies (ICT professionals) have reduced the relevance of earlier findings on reproductive health risks in this population. This necessitates updated research and reconsideration of previously established assumptions regarding possible associations between reproductive disorders and occupational exposures in ICT professionals.</p> <p><bold>AIM: </bold>This work aimed to systematize and analyze publications on reproductive disorders and their risk factors among ICT specialists from a historical perspective in order to identify current challenges and approaches to studying reproductive health at the present stage.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> A scientific data search on reproductive disorders among individuals who work at computers covering 1972–2024 was conducted in the Medline and eLibrary databases. The analysis included meta-analyses, systematic reviews, cohort studies, case–control studies, and cross-sectional studies for disorders where higher levels of evidence were unavailable. A total of 22 publications were selected for review.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> Some individual studies suggest associations between computer work and threatened miscarriage, spontaneous abortion, and congenital malformations; however, meta-analyses and adjusted risk estimates generally do not confirm these associations. Among potential occupational risk factors for reproductive disorders, electromagnetic radiation, occupational stress, and prolonged sitting have been identified as the most remarkable. Contemporary studies increasingly focus on possible associations with impaired fertility in both women and men.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION: </bold>The conducted analysis did not demonstrate a consistent association between computer work and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Modern research has shifted toward investigating potential effects on fertility. Future studies should consider the multifactorial etiology of reproductive disorders, which may be related to occupational environmental factors, technical devices, and work organization and content. Prospective studies using objective and standardized methodologies are required for a more comprehensive assessment.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Современные информационные технологии и автоматизация рабочих процессов широко внедрены в профессиональную деятельность по всему миру, что обусловливает распространение рабочих мест с рядом факторов, являющихся факторами риска репродуктивных нарушений. Изменения условий труда специалистов, интенсивно использующих информационно-коммуникационные технологии (ИКТ-специалистов), делают менее актуальными результаты проведённых ранее исследований репродуктивных нарушений среди них. Это требует новых исследований и пересмотра сложившихся представлений о возможности связи репродуктивных нарушений с условиями труда ИКТ-специалистов.</p> <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Систематизация и анализ публикаций о репродуктивных нарушениях и их факторах риска среди ИКТ-специалистов в исторической перспективе для определения актуальных проблем и подходов к изучению нарушений репродуктивного здоровья на современном этапе.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> Выполнен поиск публикаций с 1972 по 2024 г. в Medline и eLibrary на тему репродуктивных нарушений у работающих за компьютером. Для анализа были отобраны метаанализы, систематические обзоры, когортные исследования, исследования типа случай–контроль, а также кросс-секционные исследования по тем нарушениям, для которых не было найдено исследований более высокого уровня доказательности. Всего было отобрано 22 публикации.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Отдельные исследования свидетельствуют о наличии связи угрозы прерывания беременности, самопроизвольных абортов и врождённых пороков развития плода с работой за компьютерами, но метаанализ и скорректированные оценки риска показывают отсутствие такой связи. Среди потенциальных факторов риска репродуктивных нарушений наиболее значимыми являются электромагнитное излучение, рабочий стресс, длительное пребывание в рабочей позе сидя. Современные исследования указывают на возможные связи с нарушениями фертильности как среди женщин, так и среди мужчин.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Проведённый анализ не показал устойчивой связи риска осложнений беременности и неблагоприятных исходов беременности с работой за компьютером. Современные исследования сместили фокус на изучение потенциального влияния на фертильность. В дальнейших исследованиях целесообразно обратить внимание на многофакторную этиологию репродуктивных нарушений, которые могут быть связаны с факторами рабочей среды, техническими устройствами, организацией и содержанием работ. Для более глубокого изучения необходимы проспективные исследования с использованием объективных стандартизированных методик.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>论证。现代信息技术和工作流程自动化已广泛应用于全球的专业活动中，这导致了一些工作场所的风险因素成为生殖障碍的风险因素。对于密集使用信息通信技术的专业人员（ICT专业人员）来说，工作条件的变化使得之前关于他们生殖障碍的研究结果不再那么相关。这需要新的研究和重新审视生殖障碍与ICT专业人员工作条件之间可能存在的联系。</p> <p>目的。系统化和分析关于ICT专业人员生殖障碍及其风险因素的历史性出版物，以确定当前阶段研究生殖健康障碍的相关问题和方法。</p> <p>方法。在Medline和eLibrary中搜索1972年至2024年关于计算机工作者生殖障碍的出版物。分析中选择了元分析、系统综述、队列研究、病例对照研究以及对于没有更高证据水平研究的障碍的横断面研究。共选取了22篇出版物。</p> <p>结果。个别研究表明，流产威胁、自发性流产和胎儿先天性畸形与电脑工作有关，但荟萃分析和调整后的风险评估显示不存在这种关联。在生殖障碍的潜在风险因素中，最重要的是电磁辐射、工作压力和长时间坐姿工作。现代研究指出，女性和男性的生育能力问题可能与此有关。</p> <p>结论。分析表明，电脑工作与妊娠并发症和不良妊娠结果之间没有稳定的关联。现代研究将重点转向对生育能力潜在影响的研究。未来的研究应关注与工作环境、技术设备、工作组织和内容相关的多因素生殖障碍病因学。需要使用客观标准化方法进行前瞻性研究以进行更深入的研究。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>reproductive disorders</kwd><kwd>information and communication technologies</kwd><kwd>ICT professionals</kwd><kwd>working conditions</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>репродуктивные нарушения</kwd><kwd>информационно-коммуникационные технологии</kwd><kwd>ИКТ-специалисты</kwd><kwd>условия труда</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>生殖障碍</kwd><kwd>信息通信技术</kwd><kwd>ICT专家</kwd><kwd>工作条件</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="zh">Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was funded by a grant from Kazan State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation with financial support from the state program Priority 2030.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счёт средств гранта Федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения высшего образования «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России при финансовой поддержке Государственной программы «Приоритет-2030».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="zh">The study was funded by a grant from Kazan State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation with financial support from the state program Priority 2030.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Abashkin VV, Abdrakhmanova GI, Vishnevsky KO, et al. 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