<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экология человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-0869</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1444</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">690295</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/humeco690295</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">RKZLGY</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDY ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Assessment of the pathogenicity of weather and climatic conditions in the Kamchatka Territory</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Оценка патогенности погодно-климатических условий Камчатского края</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Kamchatka Territory气候条件致病性评估</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7682-571X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3907-3488</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pogorelov</surname><given-names>Artur R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Погорелов</surname><given-names>Артур Русланович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Pogorelov</surname><given-names>Artur R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>pogorelov_ar@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pacific Geographical Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Тихоокеанский институт географии Дальневосточного отделения Российской академии наук</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Pacific Geographical Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-09-27" publication-format="electronic"><day>27</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-10-27" publication-format="electronic"><day>27</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>9</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>628</fpage><lpage>639</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-09-11"><day>11</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-09-19"><day>19</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/690295">https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/690295</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND</bold><bold>:</bold><bold> </bold>Climate is one of the most important factors shaping human habitat and health. Given the significance of climate at the macro- and meso-levels, regional-level studies of weather and climatic conditions for medical purposes are particularly relevant. The choice of the Kamchatka Territory for this research is explained by the insufficient knowledge of regional medical and climatic conditions and the need to protect public health.</p> <p><bold>AIM</bold><bold>:</bold><bold> </bold>This study aimed to provide a regional assessment of the pathogenicity of weather and climatic conditions in the Kamchatka Territory.</p> <p><bold>METHODS</bold><bold>:</bold><bold> </bold>The study was based on meteorological data from 2010–2024 collected from meteorological stations covering all climatic subregions and administrative districts of the territory. The assessment was carried out using a composite bioclimatic index (weather pathogenicity index), with the construction of time series for mean annual values and annual cycles. To evaluate the spatial distribution of the index, a series of maps was developed. In addition, correlation analysis was performed between index values and overall population morbidity.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS</bold><bold>:</bold><bold> </bold>Almost homogeneous variation of mean annual index values was identified across the territories of Kamchatka. This reflects the stability of weather and climatic conditions, as well as seasonal and territorial differences in their pathogenicity. Increasing pathogenicity was observed along the main gradient from southeastern and central to northern areas. In the warm season, differences between continental and coastal areas were more pronounced, with the former showing the most favorable (optimal) values of the index across the territory. In the cold season, especially in January, acute pathogenicity was observed throughout the region. The greatest number of correlations was established between morbidity rates and index values during the cold season (with a strong association for respiratory diseases).</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION</bold><bold>:</bold><bold> </bold>This study provides the first assessment of the pathogenicity of weather and climatic conditions in the Kamchatka Territory. A relatively stable spatiotemporal differentiation of pathogenicity was identified. The most suitable and unsuitable areas were determined for implementing medical, sanatorium–resort, and tourism–recreational activities. The most favorable areas were central inland territories, whereas the least suitable were Bering Island and the southwestern coast of Kamchatka.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Климат — важнейший фактор в формировании среды обитания и здоровья человека. С учётом значимости климата на макро- и мезоуровнях особую востребованность приобретает региональный уровень исследований погодно-климатических условий для медицинских целей. Выбор в этом направлении Камчатского края обусловлен недостатком представлений о региональных медико-климатических условиях и потребностью в охране здоровья населения.</p> <p><bold>Цель.</bold><bold> </bold>Региональная оценка патогенности погодно-климатических условий Камчатского края.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold><bold> </bold>Исследование основано на метеоданных за 2010–2024 гг. по метеостанциям, охватившим все климатические подобласти и административные районы субъекта. Оценка строилась на расчёте комплексного биоклиматического индекса (индекса патогенности погоды) с построением рядов динамики среднегодовых показателей и годового хода. Для оценки пространственного распределения индекса разработана серия карт. Дополнительно реализован корреляционный анализ между показателями индекса и общей заболеваемостью населения.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold><bold> </bold>Определено практически однородное варьирование среднегодовых показателей индекса по территориям Камчатки. Это отражает устойчивость погодно-климатических условий, сезонных и территориальных различий их патогенности. Нарастание патогенности происходит по основному направлению от юго-восточных, центральных к северным районам. В тёплый период большую выраженность имеют различия между континентальными и прибрежными территориями, когда в первых из них индекс достигает наилучших (оптимальных) значений в крае. В холодный период, особенно в январе, в регионе повсеместно наблюдается острая патогенность. Наибольшее число корреляционных связей установлено между показателями заболеваемости и индекса за холодный период года (сильная связь — болезни органов дыхания).</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold><bold> </bold>Для Камчатского края впервые проведена оценка патогенности погодно-климатических условий. Выявлена её относительно стабильная пространственно-временная дифференциация. Выделены наиболее пригодные и непригодные территории для реализации мероприятий медицинской, санаторно-курортной, туристско-рекреационной деятельности. К числу первых отнесены центральные внутриматериковые территории, вторых — остров Беринга и юго-западное побережье Камчатки.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>论证：气候是人类生存环境与健康形成的关键因素。鉴于气候在宏观和中观层面的重要性，对天气–气候条件进行区域性医学研究具有特别的医学意义。选择Kamchatka Territory作为研究对象，是由于对该地区医学–气候条件的认识不足，以及保障居民健康的需求。</p> <p>目的：区域性评估Kamchatka Territory天气–气候条件的致病性。</p> <p>方法：研究基于2010–2024年间气象台站数据，覆盖该地区所有气候亚区和行政区。通过计算综合生物气候指数（天气致病性指数），建立年均值动态序列和年度变化曲线。为评估指数的空间分布，绘制了一系列地图。此外，还进行了指数指标与居民总发病率之间的相关性分析。</p> <p>结果：研究表明，Kamchatka Territory各地年均指数值的变化几乎一致。这反映了天气—气候条件的稳定性，以及其致病性在季节和地域上的差异。致病性总体呈现由东南部和中部向北部递增的趋势。在暖季，大陆性地区与沿海地区的差异更为明显，其中大陆性地区的指数达到全区最优（最佳）水平。在寒季，尤其是1月，全区普遍表现为急性致病性。相关性分析显示，发病率与寒季指数之间建立了最多的相关联系（其中呼吸系统疾病的相关性最强）。</p> <p>结论：本研究首次对Kamchatka Territory天气–气候条件的致病性进行了评估。结果揭示了其相对稳定的时空分化格局。划分出了最适宜与最不适宜开展医疗、疗养、旅游与康养活动的区域。前者为中部大陆性地区，后者包括白令岛和Kamchatka Territory西南沿海地区。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>medical climatology</kwd><kwd>bioclimate</kwd><kwd>climate discomfort</kwd><kwd>weather pathogenicity index</kwd><kwd>climatic factors</kwd><kwd>public health</kwd><kwd>population morbidity</kwd><kwd>Kamchatka</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>медицинская климатология</kwd><kwd>биоклимат</kwd><kwd>дискомфортность климата</kwd><kwd>индекс патогенности погоды</kwd><kwd>климатические факторы</kwd><kwd>здоровье населения</kwd><kwd>заболеваемость населения</kwd><kwd>Камчатка</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>医学气候学</kwd><kwd>生物气候</kwd><kwd>气候不适宜性</kwd><kwd>天气致病性指数</kwd><kwd>气候因素</kwd><kwd>居民健康</kwd><kwd>居民发病率</kwd><kwd>Kamchatka</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство науки и высшего образования РФ</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the RF</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>125022102815-5</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Grigorieva EA. Climate and human health: spatial aspects. Health. Medical Ecology. Science. 2017;(4):88–90. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.835339 EDN: ZVZYXV</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Grigorieva EA, Khristoforova NK. Climate and human health at the Russian Far East. Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology). 2019;26(5): 4–10. doi: 10.33396/1728-0869-2019-5-4-10 EDN: SSKGTT</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Klinskaja EO, Grigoreva EA. Weather conditions of the Jewish Autonomous Region as risk factor of development of diseases of respiratory organs of the population. RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety. 2011;(3):45–49. EDN: OCSGBD</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Stefanovich AA, Voskresenskaya EN. Changes in complex bioclimatic indicators in Crimea since the middle of the 20th century. Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology). 2023;30(1):65–77. doi: 10.17816/humeco111767 EDN: VLNKIA</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Tupov SS, Koroleva EG, Pashkov SV. Bioclimatic indicators in regional medico-geographical studies. Proceedings of Voronezh State University. Series: Geography. Geoecology. 2023;(4):98–108. doi: 10.17308/geo/1609-0683/2023/4/98-108 EDN: XPSLUB</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Revich BA, Kharkova TL. Climate risks of social development of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District. Studies on Russian Economic Development. 2023;34(4):536–542. doi: 10.1134/s1075700723040147 EDN: HGOVOK</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Grigorieva EA, Walsh JE, Alexeev VA. Extremely cold climate and social vulnerability in Alaska: problems and prospects. Climate. 2024;12(2):20. doi: 10.3390/cli12020020 EDN: TXDEQF</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Klochkov AA. Population health as the major resource for social-economic development of Kamchatka. In: Conservation of Biodiversity of Kamchatka and Adjacent Seas: Proceedings of the V Scientific Conference. Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky: Kamchatpress; 2004. Р. 187–190. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Naymushina TA, Shmeleva EV. The territory of Kamchatka as a habitat for ethnic groups. In: Kamchatka is inhabited by different peoples: materials of the XXIV Krasheninnikov readings. Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky: Kamchatka Regional Scientific Library; 2007. Р. 129–132. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Perervenko OV, Antoniuk MV. Сlimate, еcological and hygienic characteristics of the spacecraft Kamchatka and health alien population. Health. Medical Ecology. Science. 2010;(3):8–12. EDN: MUDSYH</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Pogorelov AR. Medico-geographical assessment of the prevalence of respiratory diseases in northern and southern areas of the Russian Far East: comparison of Kamchatka and Primorsky Regions. Public Health and Life Environment. 2023;31(4):30–39. doi: 10.35627/2219-5238/2023-31-4-30-39 EDN: SZEKZI</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Rakhmanov RS, Potekhina NN, Grishin IA, et al. Epidemiological features of community-acquired pneumonia under extreme natural-climatic conditions. Public Health and Life Environment. 2017;(4):53–56. doi: 10.35627/2219-5238/2017-289-4-53-56 EDN: YLIDFN</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Pogorelov AR. Self-assessment of health and quality of life in the Kamchatka Region: results of the regional medico-sociological survey. Social aspects of population health. 2022;68(2):4. doi: 10.21045/2071-5021-2021-68-2-4 EDN: SZEKZI</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Rakhmanov RS, Mikhanoshina NV. On problem of evaluation of health risk for population due to natural-climatic conditions of Kamchatka. Public Health and Life Environment. 2014;(3):7–9. EDN: SKHPGX</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Pogorelov AR. Change of severity of weather in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. In: Geosystems and their components in Northeast Asia: evolution and dynamics of natural, natural resource and socio-economic relations. Vladivostok: Dalnauka; 2016. Р. 366–368. EDN: VWJMKZ</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Rakhmanov RS, Bogomolova ES, Razgulin SA, et al. To the question of assessment of health risk of the population of weather-climate conditions in the territory of the Avacha agglomeration of Kamchatka. Occupational Medicine and Human Ecology. 2022;(2):100–112. doi: 10.24412/2411-3794-2022-10208 EDN: RWCTGL</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Rakhmanov RS, Spirin SA. Assessment of the influence of physical factors of the external environment on the heat feeling of a human in the conditions of Kamchatka. Marine Medicine. 2022;8(2):54–60. doi: 10.22328/2413-5747-2022-8-2-54-60 EDN: MHHQNG</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Rakhmanov RS, Bogomolova ES, Spirin SA. To the question of the influence of meteorological factors on population health in the conditions of the Kamchatsky Krai. Sanitary Doctor. 2022;(8):607–614. doi: 10.33920/med-08-2208-08 EDN: VCUWAD</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Derkacheva LN. Medical and climatic conditions of the Far Eastern region and their impact on respiratory system. Bulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration. 2000;(6):51–54. EDN: HRSDGN</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Grigorieva EA. The acclimatization stress for respiratory organs of people changing their geographic latitudes over the Russian Far East. The Bulletin of the North-East Scientific Center. 2011;(3):83–88. EDN: NXSWAX</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Gritsina OP, Yatsenko AK, Trankovskaya LV, et al. Analysis of bioclimatic comfort indicators in the Far Eastern Federal District. Pacific Medical Journal. 2025;(1):45–50. doi: 10.34215/1609-1175-2025-1-45-50 EDN: UIXZYB</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Grigorieva EA. Climate as an ecological factor of human life [dissertation]. Vladivostok; 2016. 363 р. Available from: https://www.dvfu.ru/upload/medialibrary/938/Григорьева_ДД_2017_11_01.pdf (In Russ.) EDN: PDEXFA</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>de Freitas CR, Grigorieva EA. A comparison and appraisal of a comprehensive range of human thermal climate indices. Int J Biometeorol. 2017;61(3):487–512. doi: 10.1007/s00484-016-1228-6</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Stefanovich AA, Voskresenskaya EN. Modern assessment methods of comfort of bioclimatic conditions for resort areas. Monitoring Systems of Environment. 2021;(1):7–17. doi: 10.33075/2220-5861-2021-1-7-17 EDN: OXSSOO</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Boksha VG. Handbook of climatotherapy. Kyiv: Zdorovya; 1989. 203 p. (In Russ.) ISBN: 5-311-00337-5</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Vykhovanets YuG, Tetyura SM, Vykhovanets TA, et al. Assessment of the influence of meteorological and environmental factors on diseases of the circulatory system in the population of the industrial region. Health Care of the Russian Federation. 2025;69(1):70–76. doi: 10.47470/0044-197X-2025-69-1-70-76 EDN: FHHQXY</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Perevedentsev YuP, Shumikhina AV. The dynamics of the bioclimatic indices of environmental comfort in the Udmurt Republic, Russia. Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Estestvennye Nauki. 2016:158(4):531–547. EDN: XWRPVV</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Perevedentsev YuP, Malkhazova SM, Aukhadeev TR, Shantalinsky KM. Medical and demographic consequences of climate change and the assessment of comfort level of weather-climatic conditions in the Volga Federal District. Geography, Environment, Sustainability. 2016;9(4):63–76. doi: 10.15356/2071-9388_04v09_2016_05 EDN: YMDBCR</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Kondratyuk VI. Climate of Kamchatka. Moscow: Gidrometeoizdat; 1974. 202 p. (In Russ.) URL: https://search.rsl.ru/ru/record/01007408384</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Andreev SS. Integral assessment of climatic comfort on the example of the territory of the Southern Federal District of Russia. St. Petersburg: RGGMU; 2011. 302 р. (In Russ.) EDN: QMBWRV</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Aizenshtat BA, Lukina LP. Thermal regime of man. St. Petersburg: Gidrometeoizdat; 1993. 167 p. (In Russ.) ISBN: 5-286-00951-4</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Grigorieva EA. Climatic discomfort and morbidity at the Russian Far East. Regional Problems. 2018;21(2):105–112. doi: 10.31433/1605-220X-2018-21-2-105-112 EDN: XSAFDF</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Pogorelov AR. Territorial differentiation of public health in Kamchatka Krai. Regional Research. 2022;(1):56–67. doi: 10.5922/1994-5280-2022-1-5 EDN: ZJBCSP</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Lisina IA, Vasilevskaya LN, Lebedeva OI, Volkova DI. A study of the spatial and temporal distribution of the total climate pathogenicity index of Primorsky Krai for 2011–2020. Pacific Geography. 2022;(4):72–81. doi: 10.35735/26870509_2022_12_7 EDN: DTXNIU</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
