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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экология человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-0869</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1444</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">691922</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/humeco691922</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">UHXVKA</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDY ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Age-related characteristics of cardiointervalography and microcirculation parameters at different levels of urbanization</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Возрастные особенности показателей кардиоинтервалографии и микроциркуляции при разной степени урбанизации</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>不同城市化程度下心率变异性与微循环指标的年龄特征</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8812-8559</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">6506652991</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">Е-7522-2019</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7974-4600</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Deryugina</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дерюгина</surname><given-names>Анна Вячеславовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Deryugina</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Biology and Biomedicine Institute</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Head of the Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Biology and Biomedicine Institute</p></bio><email>derugina69@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1255-9760</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7292-6141</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Polozova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полозова</surname><given-names>Анастасия Владимировна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Polozova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><email>p0lozovaav@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7511-5123</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2939-0350</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Danilova</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Данилова</surname><given-names>Дарья Андреевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Danilova</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>danilovad.a@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8062-6297</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6381-2112</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gracheva</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грачева</surname><given-names>Елена Александровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Gracheva</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>lena.gracheva.92@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский Нижегородский государственный университет им. Н.И. Лобачевского</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский Нижегородский государственный университет им. Н.И. Лобачевского</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-01-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-02-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>33</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Экология человека</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="zh">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</issue-title><fpage>20</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-10-04"><day>04</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-12-10"><day>10</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/691922">https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/691922</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:<italic> </italic></bold>Age-related changes in autonomic regulation and microcirculation may be substantially modified by urban environmental factors; however, comparative analyses of these processes in settlements with different levels of urbanization remain insufficiently studied.</p> <p><bold>AIM: </bold>The work aimed to assess the effect of age on spectral parameters of heart rate variability and microcirculation among residents of cities with different levels of urbanization.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> Volunteers from three age groups (group 1, 18–44 years; group 2, 45–59 years; group 3, 60–74 years) permanently residing in a large city (Nizhny Novgorod), an industrial city with a developed chemical industry (Dzerzhinsk), and a small tourist city (Semenov) were examined. Heart rate variability was analyzed using the Poly-Spectrum hardware–software system (Neurosoft, Russia). Microcirculation was assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry (LAZMA analyzer, Russia). Statistical comparisons were performed using Student’s t test with Bonferroni correction.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:<italic> </italic></bold>With increasing age, a decrease in total spectral power of heart rate variability (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05) and individual spectral components was observed. Age-related changes in the heart rate variability spectrum were universal: the greatest increase in the contribution of the very low-frequency component was recorded at the age of 45–59 years among residents of the large city (by 66%), the industrial city (by 38%), and the small city (by 29%) compared with group 1, followed by an increase in high-frequency power at the age of 60–74 years: by 3-fold in large city residents, by 1.4-fold in industrial city residents, and by 1.6-fold in small city residents compared with group 2. However, a very low-frequency component was persistently elevated only among residents of the industrial city aged 60–74 years, exceeding that in group 1 by 21% (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05). In microcirculation, aging was associated with a decrease in cardiac rhythm amplitude and an increase in endothelial rhythm amplitude across all groups. In individuals aged 60–74 years living in the large city and the industrial center, a reduction in myogenic rhythm amplitude was observed, whereas in the tourist city, this parameter demonstrated an opposite trend.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:<italic> </italic></bold>The type of settlement influences universal age-related changes associated with a reduction in the activity of autonomic regulatory mechanisms as a whole. The greatest strain on regulatory systems was observed in middle-aged individuals (45–59 years), with subsequent persistence in older individuals (60–74 years) residing in an industrial center with a developed chemical industry, compared not only with residents of a small tourist city but also with those of a large city. These findings are relevant for the assessment of prenosological conditions and are important for the development of preventive public health measures.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Возрастные изменения вегетативной регуляции и микроциркуляции могут существенно изменяться под влиянием факторов городской среды, однако сравнительный анализ этих процессов в населённых пунктах с различной степенью урбанизации остаётся недостаточно изученным.</p> <p><bold>Цель. </bold>Оценить влияние возраста на спектральные показатели вариабельности сердечного ритма и микроциркуляции у жителей городов с различной степенью урбанизации.</p> <p><bold>Методы. </bold>Обследованы добровольцы трёх возрастных групп (1-я — 18–44 года; 2-я — 45–59 лет; 3-я — 60–74 года), постоянно проживающие в мегаполисе (Нижний Новгород), промышленном центре с выраженной химической промышленностью (Дзержинск) и малом туристическом городе (Семёнов). Вариабельность сердечного ритма анализировали на аппаратно-программном комплексе «Поли-Спектр» («Нейрософт», Россия). Микроциркуляцию оценивали методом лазерной допплеровской флоуметрии (анализатор «ЛАЗМА», Россия). Для статистического сравнения использовали t-критерий Стьюдента с поправкой Бонферрони.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>С увеличением возраста наблюдали снижение общей мощности спектра вариабельности сердечного ритма (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0,05) и отдельных спектральных компонентов. Возрастная динамика спектра вариабельности сердечного ритма носила универсальный характер: максимальный рост вклада очень низкочастотного компонента регистрировали в возрасте 45–59 лет у жителей мегаполиса (на 66%), промышленного города (на 38%) и малого города (на 29%) по сравнению с 1-й возрастной группой с последующим увеличением мощности высокочастотного компонента в возрасте 60–74 лет: у жителей мегаполиса в 3 раза, у жителей промышленного города — в 1,4 раза, у жителей небольшого города — в 1,6 раза по сравнению со 2-й возрастной группой. Однако только для жителей промышленного города в возрасте 60–74 лет отмечали сохранение повышенного очень низкочастотного компонента на 21% (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0,05) относительно 1-й группы. В микроциркуляции с возрастом выявлено снижение амплитуды сердечного ритма и рост эндотелиального ритма во всех группах. При этом у жителей в возрасте 60–74 лет, проживающих в мегаполисе и промышленном центре, отмечали снижение амплитуды миогенного ритма, тогда как в туристическом городе этот показатель демонстрировал противоположную динамику.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Тип населённого пункта оказывает влияние на универсальные возрастные изменения, связанные с уменьшением активности регуляторных механизмов действия вегетативной нервной системы в целом. Наибольшее напряжение регуляторных систем характерно для лиц среднего возраста (45–59 лет) с последующим сохранением у лиц старшей возрастной группы (60–74 года) в промышленном центре с развитой химической промышленностью по сравнению не только с жителями малого туристического города, но и с жителями мегаполиса. Эти данные актуальны в анализе донозологического состояния и важны для разработки превентивных мер по охране здоровья населения.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>论证。城市环境因素可能显著影响自主神经调节和微循环的年龄变化，但对不同城市化程度地区这些过程的比较分析仍然研究不足。</p> <p>目的。评估年龄对不同城市化程度城市居民心率变异性和微循环光谱指标的影响。</p> <p>方法。调查了三个年龄组的志愿者（第1组：18-44岁；第2组：45-59岁；第3组：60-74岁）， 他们常住在大城市（下诺夫哥罗德）、以化学工业为主的工业中心（捷尔任斯克）和小型旅游城市（谢梅诺夫）。心率变异性在“Poly-Spectrum”（“Neurosoft”，俄罗斯）硬件软件系统上进行分析。微循环通过激光多普勒流量测定法（“LAZMA”分析仪，俄罗斯）进行评估。统计比较采用了经Bonferroni校正的t检验。</p> <p>结果。随着年龄的增加，观察到心率变异性总谱功率及个别谱成分均出现下降（p &lt;0,05）。 心率变异性谱的年龄动态具有普遍性：非常低频成分的贡献最大值出现在45-59岁年龄段，与第一年龄组相比，在大城市、工业城市和小城市居民中分别增加了66%、38%和29%。随后在60-74岁年龄段，高频成分的功率出现增加，与第二年龄组相比，上述三类城市居民的增加幅度分别为3倍、1.4倍和1.6倍。然而，只有工业城市60-74岁的居民，其非常低频成分仍保持在较高水平，较第一组高出21%（p &lt;0.05）。在微循环中，随着年龄的增长，所有组别的心率振幅下降，内皮节律增加。同时，在60-74岁居住在大城市和工业中心的居民中， 观察到肌源性节律振幅的下降，而在旅游城市，这一指标显示出相反的动态。</p> <p>结论。居民点的类型会影响与自主神经系统调节机制活动减少相关的普遍年龄变化。与小型旅游城市和大城市的居民相比，化工发达的工业中心中年人（45-59岁）的调节系统压力最大，并在老年组（60-74岁）中保持。这些数据在分析亚临床状态时具有重要意义，并对制定预防性健康保护措施至关重要。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>age</kwd><kwd>cardiointervalography</kwd><kwd>microcirculation</kwd><kwd>urban environment</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>возраст</kwd><kwd>кардиоинтервалография</kwd><kwd>микроциркуляция</kwd><kwd>городская среда</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>年龄</kwd><kwd>心动周期图</kwd><kwd>微循环</kwd><kwd>城市环境。</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (FSWR-2025-0009).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование профинансировано Министерством науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации (FSWR-2025-0009).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="zh">The study was funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (FSWR-2025-0009).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Kabisch N, an den Bosch M, Lafortezza R. 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