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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экология человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-0869</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1444</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">692191</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/humeco692191</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">QIIRNL</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDY ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Cellular immunity status in women of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Area, Russian Federation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Состояние клеточного иммунитета у женщин Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа Российской Федерации</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>俄罗斯联邦亚马尔-涅涅茨自治区女性的细胞免疫状态</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9587-2500</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2965-1478</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozova</surname><given-names>Olga S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозова</surname><given-names>Ольга Сергеевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Morozova</surname><given-names>Olga S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><email>olia.morozow2011@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-0562</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8507-7525</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dedyukhina</surname><given-names>Oksana E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дедюхина</surname><given-names>Оксана Евгеньевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Dedyukhina</surname><given-names>Oksana E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><email>eli1255@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0745-3099</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6139-1758</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergeeva</surname><given-names>Tatyana B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергеева</surname><given-names>Татьяна Борисовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Sergeeva</surname><given-names>Tatyana B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><email>tanya--86@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1735-6690</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8137-0571</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shashkova</surname><given-names>Elizaveta Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шашкова</surname><given-names>Елизавета Юрьевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Shashkova</surname><given-names>Elizaveta Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><email>eli1255@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4900-4021</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6859-2123</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchegoleva</surname><given-names>Lyubov S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щёголева</surname><given-names>Любовь Станиславовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Shchegoleva</surname><given-names>Lyubov S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor</p></bio><email>shchegoleva60@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр комплексного изучения Арктики им. акад. Н.П. Лаверова Уральского отделения Российской академии наук</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-02-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>33</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>131</fpage><lpage>139</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-10-07"><day>07</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-02-14"><day>14</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/692191">https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/692191</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> The environmental discomfort of the North comprises a combination of physical-geographical, climatic, and hydrological conditions. The combination of extreme environmental factors imposes substantial demands on the human body, compelling it to mobilize physiological reserves and to utilize additional social, biological, and technological means of protection against adverse environmental factors. The status of cellular immunity among residents of the Yamal-Nenets autonomous area remains insufficiently studied.</p> <p><bold>AIM: </bold>This work aimed to assess the status of cellular immunity in women residing in Nadym, Yamalo-Nenets autonomous area.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> This was an observational, cross-sectional study. The sampling principle was random sampling. Forty women residing in the Far North of the Russian Federation (Nadym, Yamal-Nenets autonomous area) were examined during an expedition; all participants were considered apparently healthy. The mean age was 50.07 ± 1.66 years. Peripheral venous blood samples were collected from the cubital vein in the morning under fasting conditions. Leukocyte counts were determined using a Pentra 60 ABX hematology analyzer. The percentage of lymphocyte subpopulations (CD4+, CD5+, CD8+, CD71+, CD95+) was assessed by indirect immunoperoxidase assay using monoclonal antibodies. Reference values specific to residents of the Far North were applied in the study. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel 2010 and Statistica 10.0. For each specified indicator, the following descriptive statistical parameters were calculated: the arithmetic mean (M) and the standard error of the mean (m). Associations between immunological parameters were evaluated using Spearman’s correlation coefficient (r).</p> <p><bold>RESULTS: </bold>Women of the Yamal-Nenets autonomous area demonstrated signs of immune system strain, including reduced proportions of CD5+ lymphocytes (100.00% ± 2.48% of participants), CD4+ cells (25.00% ± 1.24%), and CD95+ cells (42.50% ± 1.62%), along with increased CD8+ cell levels (35.00% ± 1.47%) and leukocytosis (12.50% ± 0.87%). Elevated proportions of monocytes (22.5 ± 1.17% of women), lymphocytes (12.5 ± 0.87% of women), and eosinophils (20.0 ± 1.11% of women) were also observed. These alterations indicate reduced regulatory reserve capacity of immune homeostasis and the formation of environmentally associated secondary immunodeficiency.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION: </bold>Low activity of CD95+, CD5+, and CD4+ lymphocytes associated with high CD8+ levels characterizes the cellular immune response as strained in women residing in Nadym. Immune strain is further reflected by increased monocyte, lymphocyte, and eosinophil counts. The study has limitations related to the sample.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Природная дискомфортность Севера включает совокупность физико-географических, климатических, гидрологических условий. Совокупность экстремальных факторов предъявляет организму значительные требования, вынуждая его использовать физиологические функциональные резервы, дополнительные социальные, биологические и техногенные средства защиты от неблагоприятных факторов окружающей среды. Остаётся мало изученным состояние клеточного иммунитета у жителей Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа.</p> <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Оценить состояние клеточного иммунитета у женщин Надыма Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> Исследование обсервационное поперечное. Принцип формирования выборки: случайная выборка. Выполнено обследование 40 женщин, проживающих на Крайнем Севере Российской Федерации (Надым, Ямало-Ненецкий автономный округ), в условиях экспедиции, все они были условно здоровыми. Средний возраст обследованных — 50,07±1,66 года. Для исследования брали периферическую венозную кровь из локтевой вены утром, натощак. Содержание лейкоцитов определяли с помощью гематологического анализатора Pentra 60 ABX. Процентное содержание лимфоидных субпопуляций (CD4<sup>+</sup>, CD5<sup>+</sup>, CD8<sup>+</sup>, CD71<sup>+</sup>, CD95<sup>+</sup>) определяли методом непрямой иммунопероксидазной реакции с использованием моноклональных антител. В исследовании применяли референсные значения показателей, характерные для жителей Крайнего Севера. Статистическую обработку результатов осуществляли с помощью пакета прикладных программ Microsoft Excel 2010 и Statistica 10.0. По каждому указанному показателю рассчитывали параметры описательной статистики: среднее арифметическое значение (<italic>М</italic>) и стандартную ошибку среднего (<italic>m</italic>). Связи иммунологических показателей изучали с помощью коэффициента Спирмена (<italic>r</italic>).</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> У женщин Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа наблюдается напряжение иммунной системы: дефицит содержания лимфоцитов с рецептором CD5<sup>+</sup> (100,00±2,48% обследованных), с маркёром CD4<sup>+</sup> (25,00±1,24%), с маркёром CD95<sup>+</sup> (42,50±1,62%) на фоне увеличения содержания клеток CD8<sup>+</sup> (35,00±1,47%) и лейкоцитоза (12,50±0,87%). Наблюдается повышение содержания моноцитов (22,5±1,17% женщин), лимфоцитов (12,5±0,87% женщин), эозинофилов (20,0±1,11% женщин), что приводит к сокращению резервных возможностей регуляции иммунного гомеостаза и формированию экологически зависимого вторичного иммунодефицита.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Низкая активность лимфоцитов с рецепторами CD95<sup>+</sup>, CD5<sup>+ </sup>и<sup> </sup>CD4<sup>+</sup>, ассоциированная с высокими концентрациями клеток CD8<sup>+</sup>, характеризует состояние клеточного звена иммунитета как напряжённое у женщин, проживаю щих в Надыме. Напряжение клеточного иммунитета проявляется повышением содержания моноцитов, лимфоцитов, эозинофилов. Существуют ограничения, связанные с выборкой исследования.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>论证。 北方的自然环境严酷性包括一系列自然地理、气候和水文条件。 极端因素的综合作用对机体提出了很高要求，迫使其动用生理功能储备，并利用额外的社会、生物及技术手段来抵御不利的环境因素。亚马尔-涅涅茨自治区居民的细胞免疫状态仍研究不足。</p> <p>目的。 评估亚马尔-涅涅茨自治区纳德姆市女性的细胞免疫状态。</p> <p>方法。 本研究为横断面观察研究。样本形成原则：随机抽样。对居住在俄罗斯联邦远北地区（纳德姆市，亚马尔-涅涅茨自治区）的40名女性在考察期间进行了调查，所有受试者均为条件健康者。受检者平均年龄为50.07±1.66岁。于清晨空腹时从肘静脉采集外周静脉血。使用Pentra 60 ABX血液分析仪测定白细胞含量。淋巴细胞亚群（CD4+、CD5+、CD8+、 CD71+、CD95+）的百分比通过使用单克隆抗体的间接免疫过氧化物酶反应法测定。研究中采用了适用于远北地区居民的参考值。 采用Microsoft Excel 2010和Statistica 10.0软件包对结果进行统计学处理。对每个指标计算描述性统计参数：算术平均值（M）和均值的标准误（m）。免疫学指标间的相关性通过斯皮尔曼相关系数（r）进行分析。</p> <p>结果。 亚马尔-涅涅茨自治区女性观察到免疫系统处于应激状态：CD5+受体淋巴细胞含量不足（100.00±2.48% 受检者），CD4+标记阳性细胞不足（25.00±1.24%），CD95+标记阳性细胞不足（42.50±1.62%），同时伴有CD8+细胞含量增加（35.00±1.47%）和白细胞增多（12.50±0.87%）。此外，观察到单核细胞（22.5±1.17% 女性）、淋巴细胞（12.5±0.87% 女性）、嗜酸性粒细胞（20.0±1.11% 女性）含量增加，这导致免疫稳态调节的储备能力下降，并形成生态依赖性的继发性免疫缺陷。</p> <p>结论。 CD95+、CD5+和CD4+受体淋巴细胞的低活性，与高浓度CD8+细胞相关，表明居住在纳德姆市女性的细胞免疫处于应激状态。细胞免疫的应激状态表现为单核细胞、淋巴细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞含量增加。本研究存在样本量方面的局限性。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>lymphocyte phenotypes</kwd><kwd>North</kwd><kwd>leukocytes</kwd><kwd>T lymphocytes</kwd><kwd>Yamalo-Nenets autonomous area</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фенотипы лимфоцитов</kwd><kwd>Север</kwd><kwd>лейкоциты</kwd><kwd>Т-лимфоциты</kwd><kwd>Ямало-Ненецкий автономный округ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>淋巴细胞表型</kwd><kwd>北方</kwd><kwd>白细胞</kwd><kwd>T淋巴细胞</kwd><kwd>亚马尔-涅涅茨自治区</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="zh">Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>075-00282-25-00</award-id></award-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The publication was prepared as part of the state assignment Physiological Significance of Adaptive and Innate Immune Response Features in the Formation of Immune Homeostasis Reserve Capacity in Residents of the Arctic Region Depending on Age, Sex, and Occupational Status (No. 125021902582-1).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Публикация подготовлена по государственному заданию «Физиологическая значимость особенностей адаптивных и врождённых иммунных реакций в формировании резервных возможностей иммунного гомеостаза у жителей Арктического региона в зависимости от возраста, пола и профессионального статуса» № 125021902582-1.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="zh">The publication was prepared as part of the state assignment Physiological Significance of Adaptive and Innate Immune Response Features in the Formation of Immune Homeostasis Reserve Capacity in Residents of the Arctic Region Depending on Age, Sex, and Occupational Status (No. 125021902582-1).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Shchegoleva LS, Kabbani MS, Sergeeva TB, et al. 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