Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)Экология человека1728-08692949-1444Eco-Vector69891210.17816/humeco698912BVEJKVREVIEWSОБЗОРЫReview ArticleImpact of ambient air pollution by particulate matter on population healthВлияние загрязнения атмосферного воздуха твёрдыми частицами на здоровье населения大气颗粒物污染对居民健康的影响https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5897-8026569644774003008-6996SamulenkovDmitriy A.СамуленковДмитрий АльбертовичSamulenkovDmitriy A.
Russian Federation
samulenkov_da@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6090-252X65063717019326-5842SladkovaSvetlana V.СладковаСветлана ВладимировнаSladkovaSvetlana V.
Russian Federation
sladkova_sv1@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4220-383X571975955893390-4749SapunovMaxim V.СапуновМаксим ВикторовичSapunovMaxim V.
Russian Federation
mikecf@mail.ruSaint Petersburg State UniversityСанкт-Петербургский государственный университетSaint Petersburg State UniversitySaint Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of SciencesСанкт-Петербургский федеральный исследовательский центр Российской академии наукSaint Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences0103202629032026332961072212202511022026Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-VectorCopyright ©; 2026, Эко-ВекторCopyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector2026Eco-VectorЭко-ВекторEco-Vectorhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/698912

Dust particles are one of the major air pollutants capable of long-range transport. Megacities are a source of large-scale emissions of particulate matter into the atmosphere, which, together with naturally occurring particles, affect human health. This work aimed to summarize current knowledge on the impact of particulate matter on population health, as well as to identify promising research directions and practical environmental policy measures to reduce this impact. The search for relevant information on the effects of particulate matter on population health was performed in PubMed using the Scopus database, as well as in the Russian electronic scientific libraries eLibrary and CyberLeninka. More than 450 initially identified articles were analyzed; of these, 62 were selected based on the presence of data on adverse health effects and exposure levels of particulate matter. The search included publications over the past 20 years, with a focus on studies published in the last decade. Preference was given to cohort studies. The impact of particulate matter on health is primarily determined by its chemical composition and particle size. Particulate matter contributes to the development of cardiovascular diseases and respiratory and ocular disorders, affects overall health status, and has mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. Exposure to particulate matter is associated with premature mortality and reduced life expectancy. There is a need to develop new scientific approaches to rank and assess the effects of complex mixtures of air pollutants. Particulate matter causes substantial harm to population health, affects quality of life and life expectancy, and results in significant economic losses. Establishment of monitoring systems and investigation of the chemical composition of particulate matter in megacities and peripheral areas will provide a basis for developing programs aimed at preventing and reducing particulate matter pollution.

Пылевые частицы — один из основных загрязнителей атмосферы, которые переносятся на большие расстояния. Мегаполисы являются источником массового выброса твёрдых частиц в атмосферу, которые наряду с твердыми частицами естественного образования воздействуют на здоровье человека. Настоящая работа выполнена с целью обобщения актуальных знаний о воздействии твёрдых частиц на здоровье населения, а также выявлению перспективных направлений исследований и практических мер экологической политики, направленных на уменьшение этого влияния. Поиск актуальной информации о влиянии твёрдых частиц на здоровье населения выполнен в поисковой системе PubMed с использованием баз данных Scopus, российских электронных научных библиотек eLibrary и КиберЛенинка. Было проанализировано более 450 первоначально выявленных статей, из них отобрано 62 по принципу наличия в них информации о негативных эффектах влияния и уровне воздействия твёрдых частиц на здоровье населения. Поиск осуществляли среди публикаций, вышедших за последние 20 лет, с акцентом на работах последнего десятилетия. Предпочтение отдавалось статьям с когортными исследованиями. Влияние твёрдых частиц на здоровье в первую очередь обусловлено их химическим составом и размерами. Твёрдые частицы приводят к развитию сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, заболеваниям органов дыхания и глаз, влияют на общее состояние человека, обладают мутагенным и канцерогенным эффектом. Воздействие твёрдых частиц связано с преждевременной смертностью и сокращением продолжительности жизни. Необходима выработка новых научных подходов, чтобы ранжировать и оценить воздействие сложной смеси загрязняющих веществ в воздухе. Твёрдые частицы наносят существенный вред здоровью населения, влияют на качество и продолжительность жизни, вследствие чего причиняют большой экономический ущерб. Построение системы мониторинга, исследование химического состава твёрдых частиц в мегаполисах и на периферии послужат основой для выработки программ по предупреждению и снижению уровня загрязнения твёрдыми частицами.

颗粒物是大气的主要污染物之一，可长距离传输。大都市是向大气中大量排放颗粒物的主要来源，这些颗粒物与自然形成的颗粒物共同影响着人类健康。本研究旨在总结当前关于颗粒物对公众健康影响的认识，并确定该领域未来的研究方向及旨在减轻其影响的生态政策实践措施。通过PubMed搜索引擎及Scopus数据库、俄罗斯电子科学图书馆eLibrary和CyberLeninka数据库，检索了关于颗粒物对公众健康影响的最新信息。对初步筛选出的450余篇文献进行了分析，并根据其中是否包含关于颗粒物对健康的负面影响及其影响程度的信息，最终选取了62篇。检索重点为近20年发表的文献，尤其侧重近十年的研究，并优先选择基于队列研究的文章。颗粒物对健康的影响主要取决于其化学成分和粒径大小。颗粒物可导致心血管疾病、呼吸系统及眼部疾病，影响人体的整体状态，并具有诱变和致癌效应。颗粒物暴露与过早死亡及寿命缩短相关。亟需制定新的科学方法来对空气中复杂的污染物混合物进行分级和评估。颗粒物对居民健康造成重大危害，影响生活质量和寿命，并由此导致巨大的经济损失。建立监测体系，研究大都市及其周边地区颗粒物的化学成分，将为制定预防和降低颗粒物污染的计划奠定基础。

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