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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экология человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-0869</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1444</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">705151</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/humeco705151</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDY ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">ELEMENTAL STATUS AND SEX DIFFERENCES IN CEREBRAL METABOLISM: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ЭЛЕМЕНТНЫЙ СТАТУС И ПОЛОВЫЕ РАЗЛИЧИЯ ЦЕРЕБРАЛЬНОГО МЕТАБОЛИЗМА: ПОИСКОВОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6472-839X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8079-9698</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mulik</surname><given-names>Alexander B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мулик</surname><given-names>Александр Борисович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Mulik</surname><given-names>Alexander B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor</p></bio><email>mulikab@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9279-5282</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2942-6250</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shatyr</surname><given-names>Yulia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шатыр</surname><given-names>Юлия Александровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Shatyr</surname><given-names>Yulia A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Biological Sciences, Docent, Senior Researcher, Research Department of Medical and Biological, Research Center</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, доцент, старший научный сотрудник научно-исследовательского отдела медико-биологических исследований научно-исследовательского центра</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology), Associate Professor</p></bio><email>yuliashatyr@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7948-1043</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5271-0260</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kunavin</surname><given-names>Mikhail A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кунавин</surname><given-names>Михаил Алексеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Kunavin</surname><given-names>Mikhail A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology), Associate Professor</p></bio><email>m.kunavin@narfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0350-1359</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2952-0619</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Solovyev</surname><given-names>Andrey G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соловьёв</surname><given-names>Андрей Горгоньевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Solovyev</surname><given-names>Andrey G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>asoloviev1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9284-3280</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9859-6036</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ulesikova</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Улесикова</surname><given-names>Ирина Владимировна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Ulesikova</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><email>ulesikovairina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0161-5977</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6860-8990</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Glushakov</surname><given-names>Ruslan I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глушаков</surname><given-names>Руслан Иванович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>vmeda-nio@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия имени С.М. Кирова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северный (Арктический) федеральный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Northern State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северный государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Northern State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-06-18" publication-format="electronic"><day>18</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>33</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-03-29"><day>29</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-04-22"><day>22</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; , Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; , Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; , Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/705151">https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/705151</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>BACKGORUND:</italic></bold><italic> Current data characterizing the role of elemental status and gender in the individualization of cerebral homeostasis do not reveal systemic links between the organization of metabolic activity in nerve tissues in various regions of the brain and the content of biologically significant chemical elements in men and women. Obtaining this kind of knowledge provides the prospect of modulating desired neurophysiological states of the central nervous system by adjusting the chemical levels in the human body based on gender. The use of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) allows us to identify the location and level of cerebral metabolic activity in men and women with different elemental statuses.</italic></p> <p><bold><italic>AIM:</italic></bold><italic> To identify associations between the levels of biologically significant chemical elements in the bodies of men and women and the expression of standard fNIRS parameters.</italic></p> <p><bold><italic>METHODS:</italic></bold><italic> The study involved students from state universities, native residents of three regions of European Russia: the Arkhangelsk and Volgograd regions, and the Republic of Crimea, aged 18–25 years (49 men and 51 women). Elemental status was determined based on the levels of biologically significant micro- and macroelements (Al, As, B, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, I, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Se, Si, Sn, V, and Zn) in hair samples. A Cortivision Poton Cap C20 (Cortivision, Poland) equipped with 20 optodes (10 sources and 10 detectors) with a sampling frequency of 7.8125 Hz was used to assess the hemodynamic response of the cerebral cortex in the near infrared range.</italic></p> <p><bold><italic>RESULTS:</italic></bold><italic> In the male sample, a more organized and stable clustering of both fNIRS parameters and chemical elements was observed. In the female sample, the cluster structure of HbO/HbR parameters was less organized and stable, which may indicate greater functional flexibility and plasticity of the neurovascular system in women. Gender differences in the nature of cerebral oxygenation regulation are further confirmed by the specific grouping of chemical elements. In men, the identified clusters demonstrate a clearer association with spatial regions (in particular, the association of the Ca, Cr, Hg, and Si group with fNIRS parameters in the parietal-occipital regions). In women, the elements are organized into larger and less region-specific clusters, which also indicates a more global and systemic nature of their influence on neurometabolic processes.</italic></p> <p><bold><italic>CONCLUSION:</italic></bold><italic> The obtained results expand our understanding of the role of chemical elements in the regulation of cerebral blood flow and indicate the need to consider gender in neurometabolism studies.</italic></p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Современные данные, характеризующие роль элементного статуса и пола в индивидуализации церебрального гомеостаза организма, не раскрывают системных связей организации метаболической активности нервных тканей различных областей головного мозга с содержанием биологически значимых химических элементов отдельно в организме мужчин и в организме женщин. Получение такого рода знания обеспечивает перспективу модулирования желательных нейрофизиологических состояний центральной нервной системы, посредством коррекции содержания химических элементов в организме человека с учетом его половой принадлежности. Использование функциональной спектроскопии в ближней инфракрасной области (fNIRS) позволяет выявить локализацию и уровень церебральной метаболической активности у мужчин и женщин с различным элементным статусом.</p> <p><bold>Цель: </bold>Выявить связи содержания биологически значимых химических элементов в организме мужчин и женщин с выраженностью стандартных показателей fNIRS.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> В исследовании приняли участие студенты государственных вузов, коренные жители трех регионов европейской части России: Архангельской и Волгоградской областей, Республики Крым в возрасте 18–25 лет, всего 49 мужчин и 51 женщина. Элементный статус определялся по содержанию в пробах волос биологически значимых микро- и макроэлементов (Al, As, B, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, I, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Se, Si, Sn, V, Zn). Для оценки гемодинамического ответа коры головного мозга в ближнем инфракрасном диапазоне применяли прибор Cortivision Poton Cap C20 (Cortivision, Польша), укомплектованный 20 оптодами (10 источников и 10 детекторов) с частотой дискретизации 7,8125 Гц.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> В выборке мужчин наблюдается более организованная и устойчивая кластеризация как показателей fNIRS, так и химических элементов. В женской выборке кластерная структура показателей HbO/HbR оказалась менее организованной и стабильной, что может свидетельствовать о большей функциональной гибкости и пластичности нейроваскулярной системы у женщин. Половые различия в характере регуляции церебральной оксигенации дополнительно подтверждаются спецификой группировки химических элементов. У мужчин выделенные кластеры демонстрируют более четкую привязку к пространственным регионам (в частности, связь группы Ca, Cr, Hg, Si c показателями fNIRS в теменно-затылочных областях). У женщин элементы организуются в более крупные и менее регион-специфичные кластеры, что также указывает на более глобальный и системный характер их влияния на процессы нейрометаболизма.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Полученные результаты расширяют понимание роли химических элементов в регуляции церебрального кровотока и указывают на необходимость учета пола в исследованиях нейрометаболизма. </p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cerebral homeostasis, gender, macronutrients, micronutrients, elemental status, fNIRS</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>церебральный гомеостаз, пол, макроэлементы, микроэлементы, элементный статус, fNIRS</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out as part of the implementation of research and development under the academic strategic leadership program “Priority 2030”.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках реализации НИР по программе академического стратегического лидерства «Приоритет-2030».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Baj J, Kowalska B, Flieger W, et al. 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