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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экология человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-0869</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1444</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">706428</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/humeco706428</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDY ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">SEASONAL WARMING AND COOLING PERIODS ON THE CRIMEAN PENINSULA: CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>СЕЗОННЫЕ ПЕРИОДЫ ПОТЕПЛЕНИЯ И ПОХОЛОДАНИЯ НА КРЫМСКОМ ПОЛУОСТРОВЕ: ПРИЧИНЫ И ПОСЛЕДСТВИЯ</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9660-8971</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57190571600</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">J-4205-2017</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7932-0070</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Danova</surname><given-names>Tatiana</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Данова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Евгеньевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD. in Geographic, Associate Professor, Researcher of department interaction between the atmosphere and ocean</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат географических наук, доцент, Научный сотрудник Отдела взаимодействия атмосферы и океана</p></bio><email>danova8@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Research Center Marine Hydrophysical Institute of RAS Federal State Institution of Science</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФИЦ Морского гидрофизического института РАН Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-08-05" publication-format="electronic"><day>05</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>33</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-04-20"><day>20</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-06-09"><day>09</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; , Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; , Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; , Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/706428">https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/706428</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>BACKGROUND: </italic></bold>Climate change has a significant impact on public health, morbidity, and mortality. Research into the current characteristics of warming and cooling periods occurring during the warm and cold seasons of the year on the Crimean Peninsula will help fill existing gaps in information on the peninsula's surface temperature regime. This information will aid in developing climate adaptation strategies and measures to reduce excess mortality from heat and cold waves.</p> <p><bold><italic>AIM:</italic></bold><italic> </italic>To determine qualitative and quantitative indicators, occurrence conditions, and consequences of warming and cooling periods on the Crimean Peninsula during both warm and cold seasons.</p> <p><bold><italic>METHODS:</italic></bold><italic> </italic>The study utilized standard statistical methods and visualization of the results. To determine seasonal warming and cooling periods between 2006 and 2023, thresholds were calculated using the 5% and 95% percentiles of seasonal daily temperature distributions.</p> <p><bold><italic>RESULTS:</italic></bold><italic> </italic>The greatest variability in temperature is observed in the cold season, showing an increase in the number and duration of warming periods and a decrease in the number and duration of cooling periods. The investigated period is characterized by extreme temperature minima of -33.6 ℃ and maxima of 38.6 ℃, posing risks to the most vulnerable groups, up to half of the peninsula's population. Due to lower threshold values for warming periods compared to the mainland, hot events on the peninsula are tolerated much more easily compared to other parts of southern Russia. This contributes to the development of year-round climatotherapy centers with comfortable conditions not only on the coast, but also on the mainland. The peninsula's water and electricity supply depend on tourist flows, as do spring cold spells with subzero temperatures lasting more than three days, directly impacting crop diversity and yields. All this is important to the region's economic security.</p> <p><bold><italic>CONCLUSION: </italic></bold>Modern assessment of the characteristics of seasonal warming and cooling periods on the Crimean Peninsula, utilizing the 5% and 95% percentiles of the seasonal distribution of daily temperatures, has helped identify specific time periods where extreme temperatures pose the highest risks to human health on the Crimean Peninsula</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Климатические изменения оказывают значительное влияние на здоровье населения, уровень заболеваемости и смертности. Исследования современных характеристик периодов потепления и похолодания, возникающих в теплый и холодный сезоны года на территории Крымского полуострова, позволят восполнить существующие пробелы в информации о приземном температурном режиме. На основании проведенных исследований возможно выработать подходы по адаптации к климатическим рискам, которые включают меры по снижению избыточной смертности от воздействия волн жары и холода.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования. </bold>Определение качественных и количественных показателей, а также условий возникновения и последствий периодов потепления и похолодания, в теплый и холодный периоды года на территории Крымского полуострова.</p> <p><bold>Методы. </bold>В ходе исследования применены стандартные статистические методы обработки, метод визуализации полученных результатов. Для определения сезонных периодов потепления и похолодания за период 2006-2023 гг. использованы пороги, рассчитанные на основе 5 %-го и 95 %-го процентилей сезонного распределения суточных температур.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Показано, что наибольшей изменчивостью характеризуется температурный режим холодного сезона года, когда наблюдается рост числа случаев и длительности периодов потепления и уменьшение числа случаев и длительности периодов похолодания. Для исследуемого периода лет характерны экстремальные температурные минимумы и максимумы: опасные для наиболее уязвимых групп населения, к которым относится половина жителей полуострова. Благодаря более низким (по сравнению с материковыми показателями) пороговым значениям для периодов потепления, жаркие события на территории полуострова, будут переносится значительно легче, чем на материковой части юга России, что способствует развитию круглогодичных центров климатотерапии не только берегового, но и материкового расположения с комфортными условиями. Для обеспечения экономической безопасности региона значимыми являются зависимость водо- и электроснабжения территории полуострова от численности туристического потока, а также весенние периоды похолоданий с отрицательными температурами воздуха более 3 дней, которые прямым образом влияют на разнообразие сельскохозяйственных культур и их урожайность.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Современная оценка характеристик сезонных периодов потепления и похолодания на территории Крымского полуострова, с использованием 5 %-го и 95 %-го процентилей сезонного распределения суточных температур, позволила выявить временные периоды, для которых характерны максимальные риски негативного воздействия экстремальных температур на здоровье человека на территории Крымского полуострова.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Seasonal warming and cooling periods, people health, risks, Crimean Peninsula</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Сезонные периоды потепления и похолодания, здоровье населения, риски, Крымский полуостров</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><award-id>FNNN-2024-0014</award-id></award-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was conducted under the theme of the Marine Hydrophysical Institute No. FNNN-2024-0014 “Fundamental Research into the Interaction Processes in the Ocean-Atmosphere System that Shape the Variability of the Physical State of the Marine Environment on Various Spatio-Temporal Scales.” (“Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction” code).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках темы Морского Гидрофизического института № FNNN-2024-0014 «Фундаментальные исследования процессов взаимодействия в системе океан-атмосфера, формирующих изменчивость физического состояния морской среды на различных пространственно-временных масштабах» (шифр «Взаимодействие океана и атмосферы»)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1.	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