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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экология человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-0869</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1444</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">77287</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33396/1728-0869-2021-7-4-11</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">FETAL HYPOXIA AS A CAUSE OF UNVAFOURABLE PREGNANCY OUTCOMES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF ASSESSMENT METHODS</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ГИПОКСИЯ ПЛОДА КАК ПРИЧИНА НЕБЛАГОПРИЯТНЫХ ИСХОДОВ БЕРЕМЕННОСТИ: СИСТЕМАТИЧЕСКИЙ ОБЗОР МЕТОДОВ ОЦЕНКИ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarovskaia</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макаровская</surname><given-names>Елизавета Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Baranov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баранов</surname><given-names>Алексей Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой акушерства и гинекологии</p></bio><email>a.n.baranov2011@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Istomina</surname><given-names>N. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Истомина</surname><given-names>Наталья Георгиевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Revaco</surname><given-names>P. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ревако</surname><given-names>Павел Петрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Northern State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Северный государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-07-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>07</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>7</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">NO7 (2021)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">№7 (2021)</issue-title><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>11</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-08-03"><day>03</day><month>08</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Makarovskaia E.A., Baranov A.N., Istomina N.G., Revaco P.P.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Макаровская Е.А., Баранов А.Н., Истомина Н.Г., Ревако П.П.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Makarovskaia E.A., Baranov A.N., Istomina N.G., Revaco P.P.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Макаровская Е.А., Баранов А.Н., Истомина Н.Г., Ревако П.П.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/77287">https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/77287</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Hypoxia is one of the most frequent and serious types of stress for the human body. Hypoxia during pregnancy has adverse effects on fetal that may have implications not only for antenatal, but also postnatal period and even adulthood. Hypoxia usually occurs due to the placental insufficiency - a process in which there is a progressive decrease of the placental functions, when the transfer of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus through the placenta decreases, which leads to hypoxia and acidosis. Subsequent fetal hypoxemia stimulates the suppression of metabolic responses to preserve available nutrients, resulting in fetal growth restriction. This article presents an overview of modern scientific literature considering an etiology and pathophysiology of fetal hypoxia. Special attention is paid on the methods of evaluating fetal hypoxia in obstetric practice, such as Doppler, measuring lactate from fetal scalp blood testing, CTG monitoring, detection of RNA caused by hypoxia in maternal blood, measurement of the pH of the umbilical cord vessels, ECG-STan, fetal pulsoximetry. A new parameter for assessing the condition of the fetus, called the "non-reassuring fetal status" was observed, and the diagnostic criteria were described thoroughly. This systematic review presents a qualitative analysis of diagnostic methods and predictors of the outcome of pregnancies with acute and progressive fetal hypoxia. The study includes full-text publications in Russian and English on the methods of assessing the state of fetal hypoxia during pregnancy and childbirth, as well as their validity. In total, 548 sources were identified in PubMed, SCOPUS and eLIBRARY.RU databases. After screening, 53 articles were selected and included in the qualitative synthesis.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Гипоксия является одним из наиболее частых и серьезных видов стресса для работы организма, а во время беременности она оказывает неблагоприятное воздействие на развитие многих органов и тканей плода, что может грозить осложнениями в постнатальном периоде. Как правило, гипоксия возникает вследствие плацентарной недостаточности - процесса, при котором происходит прогрессирующее ухудшение функционирования плаценты, когда перенос кислорода и питательных веществ к плоду через плаценту снижается, что приводит к декомпенсированной гипоксии и ацидозу. Последующая гипоксемия у плода стимулирует подавление метаболических реакций для сохранения уже доступных питательных веществ, что приводит к задержке роста плода. В статье представлен обзор современной научной литературы, касающийся этиологии и патофизиологии развития гипоксии плода. Особое внимание уделено методам оценки гипоксии плода в акушерской практике, таким как допплерометрия, исследование лактата при заборе крови из предлежащей части плода, КТГ-мониторинг, обнаружение РНК, вызванных гипоксией в материнской крови, измерение рН сосудов пуповины, ЭКГ-STan, фетальная пульсоксиметрия. Также представлен анализ методов диагностики и прогнозирования исхода беременностей при острой и прогрессирующей гипоксии плода. В исследование включались полнотекстовые публикации на русском и английском языках, описывающие методы оценки состояния гипоксии плода при беременности и в родах, а также их валидность. Было идентифицировано 548 источников в базах данных PubMed, SCOPUS, eLIBRARY.RU. После скрининга из них было отобрано и включено в исследование 52 статьи.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hypoxia</kwd><kwd>intrauterine grow restriction</kwd><kwd>acidosis</kwd><kwd>Doppler</kwd><kwd>cardiotocography</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гипоксия</kwd><kwd>синдром задержки развития плода</kwd><kwd>ацидоз</kwd><kwd>допплерометрия</kwd><kwd>кардиотокография</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Акушерство: национальное руководство / под ред. Г М. Савельевой, Г.Т. Сухих, В. Н. Серова, В. Е. Радзинского. 2-е изд., перераб. и доп. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2018. 1088 с.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Колыбина П. В., Ившин А. А. Фетальная пульсоксиметрия - новый тренд в диагностике интранатальной гипоксии плода // Проблемы современной науки и образования. 2016. № 13 (55). 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