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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экология человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-0869</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1444</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">77293</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33396/1728-0869-2021-7-51-57</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">BREAST CANCER IN WESTERN KAZAKHSTAN: INCIDENCE, MORTALITY AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH SURVIVAL</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>РАК МОЛОЧНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ В ЗАПАДНОМ КАЗАХСТАНЕ: ЗАБОЛЕВАЕМОСТЬ, СМЕРТНОСТЬ И ФАКТОРЫ, ВЛИЯЮЩИЕ НА ВЫЖИВАЕМОСТЬ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Aitmagambetova</surname><given-names>Marzhan A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Айтмагамбетова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD candidate</p></bio><email>inzhumarzhan90@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bekmukhambetov</surname><given-names>Yerbol Zh.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бекмухамбетов</surname><given-names>Е. Ж.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Smagulova</surname><given-names>Gaziza A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смагулова</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tulyayeva</surname><given-names>Anar B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Туляева</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Koyshybaev</surname><given-names>Arip K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Койшибаев</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grjibovski</surname><given-names>Andrey M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гржибовский</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Marat Ospanov West Kazakhstan Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Западно-Казахстанский медицинский университет им. Марата Оспанова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Association of Individual Entrepreneurs and Legal Entities "National Chamber of Health"</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Объединение Индивидуальных Предпринимателей и Юридических лиц «Национальная Палата Здравоохранения»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Northern State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северный государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">North-Eastern Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северо-восточный федеральный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Al Farabi Kazakh National University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казахский национальный университет им. Аль-Фараби</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-07-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>07</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>7</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">NO7 (2021)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">№7 (2021)</issue-title><fpage>51</fpage><lpage>57</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-08-03"><day>03</day><month>08</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Aitmagambetova M.A., Bekmukhambetov Y.Z., Smagulova G.A., Tulyayeva A.B., Koyshybaev A.K., Grjibovski A.M.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Айтмагамбетова М.А., Бекмухамбетов Е.Ж., Смагулова Г.А., Туляева А.Б., Койшибаев А.К., Гржибовский А.М.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Aitmagambetova M.A., Bekmukhambetov Y.Z., Smagulova G.A., Tulyayeva A.B., Koyshybaev A.K., Grjibovski A.M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Айтмагамбетова М.А., Бекмухамбетов Е.Ж., Смагулова Г.А., Туляева А.Б., Койшибаев А.К., Гржибовский А.М.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/77293">https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/77293</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. Incidence of and mortality from breast cancer varies considerably between countries. The evidence from Kazakhstan, however, is almost non-existent in international peer-reviewed literature. Aim: To study incidence of and mortality from breast cancer in Western Kazakhstan and assesse selected determinants of survival among breast cancer patients. Methods: A registry-based historical cohort study. Data on all primary cases of breast cancer in the Aktobe region in 2014-2018 and their follow-up data were obtained from the regional cancer registry. Standardized incidence and mortality data were calculated using Segi world reference population. One- and five-years survival was calculated using actuarial analysis. Factors associated with survival were assessed using multivariable Cox regression. Crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HR) were calculated with 9 5 % confidence intervals (CI). Results: From 2014 to 2018, 891 new cases and 251 deaths from breast cancer were registered in the Aktobe region. Standardized incidence of breast cancer increased from 40.8 to 44.6 per 100,000 while standardized mortality decreased from 12.4 to 8.8 per 100,000 during the study period. Only 16.4 % of cases were diagnosed at stage I, while 21.6 % of cancer cases were detected at stage III or IV. One- and five-year survival estimates based on the registry data was 94.5 % (95 % CI: 92.5-96.5) and 90.2 % (95 % CI: 88.2-92.2), respectively. Patients with stage III (HR = 7.4, 95 % CI: 1.7-31.6) and stage IV (HR = 29.7, 95 % CI: 6.7-131.8) had shorter survival than patients with stage I. Conclusions: Both incidence and mortality of breast cancer in Western Kazakhstan are lower than in most European countries. The incidence has been gradually increasing while no clear pattern on mortality was observed. Surprisingly high level of five-year survival in the study area requires further investigation. The results should be interpreted with caution assuming valid data on cancer-specific mortality and non-differential reporting of deaths across the studied characteristics.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Введение: Рак молочной железы (РМЖ) является самым распространенным злокачественным новообразованием у женщин. Заболеваемость РМЖ и смертность от него сильно различаются в разных странах, однако сведения из Казахстана по данной теме по-прежнему редко встречаются в международной рецензируемой литературе. Цель: изучить заболеваемость и смертность от РМЖ в Западном Казахстане и оценить влияние ряда факторов на выживаемость пациентов. Методы: Данные о всех первичных случаях РМЖ за период 2014-2018 гг. получены из Западно-Казахстанского онкологического регистра в Актюбинской области. Расчет стандартизованных показателей заболеваемости и смертности проводили с использованием референтной мировой популяции Sеgi. Однолетняя и пятилетняя выживаемость рассчитывались с помощью актуарного анализа. Факторы, влияющие на выживаемость, изучали с помощью многомерного анализа пропорциональных рисков Кокса с расчетом нескорректированных и скорректированных относительных рисков (HR) с 95 % доверительными интервалами (ДИ). Результаты: За период с 2014 по 2018 г. зарегистрирован 891 новый случай РМЖ и 251 летальный исход от РМЖ в Актюбинской области. Стандартизованная заболеваемость РМЖ увеличилась с 40,8 до 44,6 на 100 000 населения, в то время как смертность от РМЖ снизилась от 12,4 до 8,8 на 100 000 населения за изучаемый период. Только 16,4 % случаев были диагностированы на I стадии. На стадиях III и IV зарегистрированы 21,6 % случаев. Одно- и пятилетняя выживаемость по данным регистра составили 94,5 (95 % ДИ: 92,5-96,5) % и 90,2 (95 % ДИ: 88,2-92,2) % соответственно. Только стадии болезни III (HR = 7,4, 95 % ДИ: 1,7-31,6) и IV (HR = 29,7, 95 % ДИ: 6,7-131,8) на момент постановки диагноза были значимо связаны с повышенным риском более раннего летального исхода. Выводы: Заболеваемость РМЖ в Западном Казахстане увеличивается, но она все еще значительно ниже, чем в большинстве стран Европейского региона ВОЗ. Смертность от РМЖ снижается и находится несколько ниже, чем в большинстве европейских стран. Высокая пятилетняя выживаемость нуждается в более детальном изучении причин. Результаты исследования следует интерпретировать с осторожностью при допущении достаточной валидности данных и отсутствии дифференциальных систематических ошибок в оценке смертности относительно изучаемых факторных признаков.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>breast cancer</kwd><kwd>incidence</kwd><kwd>mortality</kwd><kwd>survival</kwd><kwd>Kazakhstan</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак молочной железы</kwd><kwd>заболеваемость</kwd><kwd>смертность</kwd><kwd>выживаемость</kwd><kwd>Казахстан</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Рахимова М. Н., Уразаева С. Т., Уразаев О. Н., Бегалин Т. Б. Эпидемиология рака молочной железы в странах СНГ и Республике Казахстан (литературный обзор) // West Kazakhstan Medical journal. 2019, Т. 61(1). С. 46-55.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Унгуряну Т. Н., Гржибовский А. М. 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