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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экология человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-0869</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1444</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">77320</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/humeco77320</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Evaluation of the initial manifestations of the toxic process in conditions of chronic action of low subtoxic doses of dioxins polluting the environment</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Оценка начальных проявлений токсического процесса в условиях хронического действия малых субтоксичных доз диоксинов, загрязняющих среду</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7318-8046</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">56046623800</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">F-3019-2017</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4081-9972</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lavrenov</surname><given-names>Anton R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лавренов</surname><given-names>Антон Русланович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н.</p></bio><email>overtaki@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2955-0631</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1658-8379</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ordzhonikidze</surname><given-names>Kristina G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орджоникидзе</surname><given-names>Кристина Георгиевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>chiris.ordj@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6645-8677</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4477-5112</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Roumak</surname><given-names>Vladimir S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Румак</surname><given-names>Владимир Степанович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>roumak@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0398-8694</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">7402063241</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">P-4899-2015</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8606-4506</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>Alexander I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ким</surname><given-names>Александр Иннокентьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biol.), professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., профессор</p></bio><email>aikim57@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1615-2194</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5586-0738</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Umnova</surname><given-names>Natalia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Умнова</surname><given-names>Наталия Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., профессор</p></bio><email>unv2014@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">A.N. Severtsov Institute of ecology and evolution of the Russian academy of sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт проблем экологии и эволюции им. А.Н. Северцова Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow state university</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Vavilov Institute of general genetics of the Russian academy of sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт общей генетики им. Н.И. Вавилова Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Shenzhen MSU–BIT university</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет МГУ–ППИ в Шэньчжэне</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2022-06-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-07-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>199</fpage><lpage>208</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-08-04"><day>04</day><month>08</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-02-14"><day>14</day><month>02</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Lavrenov A.R., Ordzhonikidze K.G., Roumak V.S., Kim A.I., Umnova N.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Лавренов А.Р., Орджоникидзе К.Г., Румак В.С., Ким А.И., Умнова Н.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lavrenov A.R., Ordzhonikidze K.G., Roumak V.S., Kim A.I., Umnova N.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лавренов А.Р., Орджоникидзе К.Г., Румак В.С., Ким А.И., Умнова Н.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/77320">https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/77320</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>AIM</italic></bold><italic>: </italic>To study the state of the genome by indicators of retrotransposon activity — the gene encoding DNA methyltransferase 1 (<italic>DNMT1</italic>); DNA damage in animals from the natural population of the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) living in the vicinity of a preserved landfill contaminated with low concentrations of dioxins (landfill of production and consumption waste — "Salariyevo", Moscow).</p> <p><bold><italic>MATERIAL AND METHODS</italic></bold><italic>:</italic> The activity of ERV-L, B1, and L1 retrotransposons and the transcription level of the <italic>DNMT1</italic> gene were evaluated by real-time PCR. The stability of DNA in liver and bone marrow cells was characterized by the comet assay method. Afterward, the obtained characteristics of the state (stability, reactivity, and damage) of the genome in response to environmental stress factors were compared in groups of animals from the study and conditionally control samples.</p> <p><bold><italic>RESULTS</italic></bold><italic>:</italic> The effects of a decrease in the activity of retrotransposons of classes B1 and L1, and an increase in <italic>DNMT1</italic> gene expression level were revealed in voles from the natural population living under the long-term chronic exposure to low doses of dioxins decrease in the activity of retrotransposons of classes B1 and L1, and an increase in the expression level of the <italic>DNMT1</italic> gene were revealed. An increased level of DNA damage (on average up to 56% of the DNA in the tail of the comet) was detected in hepatocytes, with the addition of winter environmental factors to the chronic effect of small subtoxic doses of dioxins.</p> <p><bold><italic>CONCLUSION</italic></bold><italic>:</italic> Suppression of retrotransposon activity and increased expression of its epigenetic regulator (<italic>DNMT1</italic>) are regarded as adaptive responses to long-term chronic exposure to low doses of dioxins polluting the environment. The alteration in the reactivity and destabilization of the genome indicates the launch of the initial mechanisms of the toxic process formation. The created and tested methodological base for its study opens up prospects for establishing a threshold level, and as a result, substantiating indicators for screening assessment of local (territorial) risk to public health by biomonitoring.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Цель</bold>. Изучить состояние генома по показателям активности ретротранспозонов; по уровню транскрипции гена, кодирующего ДНК-метилтрансферазу 1 (<italic>DNMT1</italic>); повреждаемости ДНК у животных из природной популяции рыжей полёвки, обитающей в загрязнённых малыми концентрациями диоксинов окрестностях законсервированной свалки (полигона отходов производства и потребления «Саларьево», г. Москва).</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы</bold>. Активность ретротранспозонов ERV-L, B1 и L1 и уровень транскрипции гена <italic>DNMT1 </italic>оценивали методом ПЦР в реальном времени. Стабильность ДНК клеток печени и костного мозга характеризовали методом Comet Assay<italic>. </italic>Полученные характеристики состояния (устойчивости, реактивности и повреждаемости) генома в ответ на стрессовые факторы среды обитания сравнивали в группах животных из изучаемой и условно-контрольной выборок.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. В условиях длительного хронического воздействия малых доз диоксинов у полёвок из природной популяции обнаружены эффекты снижения активности ретротранспозонов подклассов B1 и L1 и увеличения уровня экспрессии гена <italic>DNMT1</italic>. Повышенный уровень повреждений ДНК (в среднем до 56% ДНК в хвосте кометы) был выявлен в гепатоцитах при дополнительном к хроническому действию малых субтоксичных доз диоксинов действии зимних факторов среды обитания.</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold>. Подавление активности ретротранспозонов и повышение экспрессии её эпигенетического регулятора (<italic>DNMT1)</italic> можно рассматривать как адаптивную стратегию к длительному хроническому воздействию малых доз диоксинов, загрязняющих среду. Изменение реактивности и дестабилизация генома свидетельствуют о запуске начальных механизмов формирования токсического процесса. Созданная и апробированная методическая база для его изучения открывает перспективы установления порогового уровня и, как следствие, обоснования показателей для скрининговой оценки локального (территориального) риска здоровью населения путем биомониторинга.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dioxins</kwd><kwd>DNA methyltransferase</kwd><kwd>retrotransposons</kwd><kwd>comet assay</kwd><kwd>bank vole</kwd><kwd>landfill</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>диоксины</kwd><kwd>ДНК-метилтрансфераза</kwd><kwd>ретротранспозоны</kwd><kwd>Comet Assay</kwd><kwd>рыжая полёвка</kwd><kwd>свалка</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Программа развития Междисциплинарной научно-образовательной школы Московского государственного университета имени М.В. 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