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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экология человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-0869</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1444</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">99722</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/humeco99722</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDY ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Suicidological analysis of Moscow and Saint Petersburg in the context of the pandemic</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Суицидологическая характеристика Москвы и Санкт-Петербурга в контексте пандемии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9641-7120</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">35977467700</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1978-9868</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rozanov</surname><given-names>Vsevolod A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Розанов</surname><given-names>Всеволод Анатольевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>v.rozanov@spbu.ru</email><uri>https://psy.spbu.ru/department/teachers/1599-rozanov-va</uri><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2798-8800</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3552-1894</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenova</surname><given-names>Natalia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семенова</surname><given-names>Наталия Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н.</p></bio><email>mnoma@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6700-0609</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2290-4021</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vuks</surname><given-names>Alexandr Ja.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вукс</surname><given-names>Александр Янович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ayavuks@bekhterev.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1677-0694</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4407-6915</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Freize</surname><given-names>Victoria V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фрейзе</surname><given-names>Виктория Васильевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>v.freize@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5470-4359</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5156-9223</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Malyshko</surname><given-names>Larisa V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малышко</surname><given-names>Лариса Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>lora5497@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3073-6305</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3424-4544</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostyuk</surname><given-names>Georgy P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костюк</surname><given-names>Георгий Петрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>kgr@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0093-1230</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5388-8690</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Isakov</surname><given-names>Vladimir D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исаков</surname><given-names>Владимир Дмитриевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>profivd@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0200-8474</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7765-8978</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yagmurov</surname><given-names>Orazmurad D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ягмуров</surname><given-names>Оразмурад Джумаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>oraz.yagmurov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6339-0198</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4846-6528</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sofronov</surname><given-names>Alexandr G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Софронов</surname><given-names>Александр Генрихович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>alex-sofronov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5618-4206</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9772-0024</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Neznanov</surname><given-names>Nikolay G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Незнанов</surname><given-names>Николай Григорьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>nezn@bekhterev.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">V.M. Bekhterev national research medical center for psychiatry and neurology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии им. В.М. Бехтерева</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St Petersburg university</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Psychiatric hospital no. 1 named after N.A. Alexeev</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Психиатрическая клиническая больница № 1 им. Н.А. Алексеева Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">North-Western state medical university after I.I. Mechnikov, Saint Petersburg</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И.И. Мечникова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bureau of forensic medical examination</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Бюро судебно-медицинской экспертизы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">North-Western state medical university after I.I. Mechnikov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И.И. Мечникова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff7"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Psychiatric hospital no. 3 named after I.I. Skvortsov-Stepanov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Городская психиатрическая больница № 3 им. И.И. Скворцова-Степанова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff8"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pavlov university</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. академика И.П. Павлова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2022-07-03" publication-format="electronic"><day>03</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-07-27" publication-format="electronic"><day>27</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>241</fpage><lpage>252</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-01-28"><day>28</day><month>01</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-03-15"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Rozanov V.A., Semenova N.V., Vuks A.J., Freize V.V., Malyshko L.V., Kostyuk G.P., Isakov V.D., Yagmurov O.D., Sofronov A.G., Neznanov N.G.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Розанов В.А., Семенова Н.В., Вукс А.Я., Фрейзе В.В., Малышко Л.В., Костюк Г.П., Исаков В.Д., Ягмуров О.Д., Софронов А.Г., Незнанов Н.Г.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rozanov V.A., Semenova N.V., Vuks A.J., Freize V.V., Malyshko L.V., Kostyuk G.P., Isakov V.D., Yagmurov O.D., Sofronov A.G., Neznanov N.G.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Розанов В.А., Семенова Н.В., Вукс А.Я., Фрейзе В.В., Малышко Л.В., Костюк Г.П., Исаков В.Д., Ягмуров О.Д., Софронов А.Г., Незнанов Н.Г.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/99722">https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/99722</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>BACKGROUND:</italic></bold> Suicide mortality in Moscow and St. Petersburg — the two most populated federal cities of Russia — is not characterized enough. However, these cities have been mostly affected by the pandemic.</p> <p><bold><italic>AIM:</italic></bold> To analyze the latest trends in suicidal behavior in the historic capitals of Russia in an observational study, taking into account pandemic waves.</p> <p><bold><italic>METHODS:</italic></bold> The monthly numbers of suicides (date of death, sex, age, and method), and number of cases in Moscow (<italic>n</italic>=1558) and St. Petersburg (<italic>n</italic>=2077) from January 01, 2016, to September 30, 2021, were used to calculate frequencies per 100,000 and to analyze tendencies across sex and age groups. Statistics were based on Z-criterion, and confidence intervals were calculated as per Wilson.</p> <p><bold><italic>RESULTS:</italic></bold> Moscow and St. Petersburg belong to regions with suicide rates lower than the world average rates. Suicide mortality in both capitals was declining, but was more pronounced in Moscow. In St. Petersburg, the average rate was 3.28 higher, with 3.53 times in men and 2.84 times higher in women. The male-to-female ratio in St. Petersburg was also higher than that in Moscow (3.39:1 versus 2.87:1). In both cities, the highest rates were found among citizens aged &gt;80 years, and the rates in young and adults (aged 20–49 years) are also high. Those aged 60–69 years have comparatively low rates. After a brief decline in the suicide rates during the first quarantine period in 2021, the decline in Moscow stopped, whereas in St. Petersburg, a gradual increase began, reaching significant levels among men in September. The most traditional method of self-harm (hanging) decreased, whereas the proportion of falls from a height increased (38.8% growth), as well as self-poisoning and self-cutting. A more detailed analysis of the “urban” method of suicide such as falling from a height revealed that in 2021, in St. Petersburg, a category of persons emerged among whom this method has grown dramatically (five times) in men aged &gt;60 years.</p> <p><bold><italic>CONCLUSIONS:</italic></bold> Suicides among the urbanized population of the largest metropolitan areas in Russia during the pandemic demonstrate trends that raise concerns, and the structure of mortality and methods of self-harm are changing. Further monitoring and intensification of preventive measures are needed, especially in St. Petersburg.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Москва и Санкт-Петербург относятся к регионам с низким (ниже среднемирового) уровнем самоубийств. Смертность от самоубийств в двух мегаполисах в период пандемии охарактеризована недостаточно, хотя эти крупнейшие города федерального значения в наибольшей степени пострадали во время пандемии.</p> <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Проанализировать новейшие тенденции суицидального поведения в исторически сформировавшихся столицах России в ходе обсервационного исследования с учётом динамики волн пандемии.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы.</bold> Использованы оперативные данные (по месяцам) о случаях самоубийств (в формате «дата смерти, пол, возраст, способ самоповреждения») за период с 01 января 2016 г. по 30 сентября 2021 г., общим числом по Москве — 1558 случаев, по Санкт-Петербургу — 2077 случаев. Рассчитывали частоту самоубийств на 100 000 населения, динамику и тенденции анализировали в разрезе половозрастных групп (с интервалом 10 лет). Использованы Z-критерий и расчёт доверительных интервалов по Уилсону.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Смертность от суицидов в обоих городах в последнее время снижается, в Москве — более выраженно. Во все исследованные годы в Санкт-Петербурге смертность выше (в среднем — в 3,28 раза) как среди мужчин (в 3,53 раза), так и среди женщин (в 2,84 раза). Соотношение между мужчинами и женщинами в Санкт-Петербурге также выше (3,39:1 по сравнению с 2,87:1 в Москве). В обоих городах наибольшие показатели смертности отмечены в группе лиц старше 80 лет, высоки показатели также среди молодых и зрелых лиц (20–49 лет), сравнительно благополучная ситуация наблюдается среди лиц в возрасте 60–69 лет. После кратковременного снижения уровня самоубийств в период первых карантинов в 2021 году по мере прихода новых волн пандемии снижение в Москве прекратилось, в то время как в Санкт-Петербурге начался постепенный подъём, достигший значимых величин среди мужчин в сентябре 2021 г. Изменилась структура способов самоповреждения за счёт уменьшения наиболее традиционного (повешения) и увеличения доли падений с высоты (на 38,8%), самоотравлений и самопорезов. Детальный анализ такого «городского» способа, как падение с высоты, показал, что в Санкт-Петербурге в 2021 году выявилась категория лиц, среди которых этот способ резко (в 5 раз) участился, — мужчины старше 60 лет.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Суициды среди урбанизированного населения крупнейших мегаполисов России демонстрируют тревожные тенденции на фоне пандемии, меняется структура смертности и способов самоповреждений. Необходимы дальнейшее наблюдение и активизация мер превенции, особенно в Санкт-Петербурге.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>suicide</kwd><kwd>mortality</kwd><kwd>sex and age groups</kwd><kwd>methods of self-harm</kwd><kwd>Moscow</kwd><kwd>Saint Petersburg</kwd><kwd>pandemic</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>самоубийства</kwd><kwd>смертность</kwd><kwd>половозрастные группы</kwd><kwd>способы самоповреждения</kwd><kwd>Москва</kwd><kwd>Санкт-Петербург</kwd><kwd>пандемия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polozhy BS, Gladyshev MV. Regional peculiarities of suicides prevalence in Russia. Russian journal of psychiatry. 2006;(1):38–41. (In Russ).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Положий Б.С., Гладышев М.В. Региональные особенности распространенности суицидов в России // Российский психиатрический журнал. 2006. № 1. 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