Chemical Composition of Drinking Water in Murmansk and Kola, Assessment of Beneficial Properties, Forms of Element Migration in Waters and the Human Body, Comparison with the Waters of Kirovsk



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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The presented work is a logical continuation of the study of the chemical composition of drinking waters in different regions of the Murmansk region, assessing their impact on human health. The relevance of such studies is caused by the excess of the average Russian morbidity rates in a number of cities and districts of the Murmansk region. The use of modeling allows for new approaches to considering the issues of possible forms of migration of chemical elements in natural waters and the formation of newly formed phases depending on various parameters (chemical composition of water, pH, Eh, temperature, conditions of its formation, etc.). Studying the transformation of the forms of elements upon entry into the human body makes it possible to predict pathological conditions and, as a result, the transition to disease prevention. Among the identified chemical elements, special attention is paid to the groups of rare and rare earth elements (REE), since the study of their biological properties has been given special attention in recent years, both in Russia and abroad.

AIM: Assessment of the chemical composition of drinking waters of the centralized water supply districts of Murmansk and their comparison with the chemical composition of the waters of the Central water intake of Kirovsk in terms of maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) and biologically significant concentrations (BPC), assessment of the possible effect of waters on the human body.

METHODS: Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ELAN 9000 DRC-e, Perkin Elmer, USA), potentiometry (Expert-001, Russia), (I-160MI, Belarus), titrimetry used to obtain data. Thermodynamic calculations were performed using the method of physico-chemical (thermodynamic) modeling implemented in the Selector software package.

RESULTS: The difference in the chemical composition of waters in three districts of Murmansk and Kola is shown. The chemical composition of the waters of the Pervomaisky district differs from the waters of other districts in relatively higher concentrations of Y, Zr, La, Ce, U. A comparison of the chemical compositions of the waters of the districts of Murmansk with the chemical composition of the drinking waters of the Tsentralny intake (Kirovsk) indicates higher concentrations of Ca, Mg, Sr, Ba, La, Ce and lower concentrations of F-, Al, NO3-, Na+, HCO3-, U and pH. The change in the forms of migration of elements and newly formed phases in tap water and in the parameters of the human stomach is shown.

CONCLUSION: Drinking water distributed through networks in the districts of Murmansk is low mineralized, for all elements except silicon, the concentrations of macro- and essential elements in drinking waters in Murmansk do not reach the lower values of the BPC. The waters contain rare and rare earths, for which the levels of BPC have not been determined. Using thermodynamic modeling, it is shown that these elements, when they enter the gastrointestinal tract with water, will change the forms of migration and become more mobile. The paper presents, as a first approximation, the forms of lanthanide migration at different parameters of the human stomach, the chlorides of which affect blood clotting.

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Funding source. The study was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation 24-17-00114 “Evaluation of the chemical state of natural and drinking waters of the Murmansk region, forms of migration, impact on the elemental status of residents”.

Competing interests. The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Author contribution. All authors confirm that their authorship meets the international ICMJE criteria (all authors have made a significant contribution to the development of the concept, research and preparation of the article, read and approved the final version before publication). The greatest contribution is distributed as follows: S.I. Mazukhina, S.V. Drogobuzhskaya - collection and analysis of literary sources, writing and editing of the article; S.V. Drogobuzhskaya, A.A. Shirokaya - experimental procedures; S.I. Mazukhina – software; V.A. Masloboev – administration; N.V. Ionov, Yu.N. Zakrevsky – selection and preparation of samples.

Таблица 1. Сопоставление химических составов водопроводных вод водозабора «Центральный» (г. Кировск) и г. Мурманска (Ленинский, Октябрьский, Первомайский округа)

Table 1. Comparison of chemical compositions of tap waters of the Tsentralny water intake (Kirovsk) and Murmansk (Leninsky, Oktyabrsky, Pervomaisky districts)

Элемент

Element

БЗК

BSC

ПДК

MPC

Химический состав вод водозабора «Центральный»,

The chemical composition of the waters of the Central intake,

Химический состав водопроводных вод в округах г. Мурманска, мг/л

The chemical composition of tap water in the districts of Murmansk, mg/l

 

Ленинский

Leninsky

Октябрьский

Oktyabrsky

Первомайский Pervomaisky

г. Кола

Kola

 

min

max

Me

 

мг/л

мг/л

1

3

2

5

4

6

 

Li

0,025

0,03

0,0004

0,0010

0,0007

0,00077

0,00066

0,00071

0,00060

0,00022

0,00053

 

B

0,0325

0,5

0,0150

0,0169

0,0158

0,00041

0,0072

0,0185

0,0045

0,0175

0,00083

 

Na

112,5

200

11,5

29,2

19,1

11,5

11,0

5,72

3,75

5,92

5,53

 

Mg

7,5

50

0,002

0,042

0,020

1,12

1,13

1,11

1,38

1,05

1,66

 

Al

0,375

0,2

0,35

1,07

0,79

0,054

0,059

0,122

0,073

0,125

0,038

 

Si

0,3

30*

1,65

1,91

1,79

1,34

1,32

3,39

3,35

3,33

3,12

 

P

-

-

0,015

0,032

0,023

0,001

0,001

0,001

0,001

0,001

0,001

 

K

75

-

1,17

4,15

2,27

0,71

0,70

0,50

0,83

0,52

0,91

 

Ca

27,5

-

0,008

0,24

0,10

3,08

3,12

2,78

3,36

2,83

3,70

 

V

0,025

0,1

0,0006

0,0066

0,0037

0,0014

0,0019

0,00005

0,00001

0,00003

0,00007

 

Cr

0,00375

0,05

0,0002

0,0017

0,0009

0,00049

0,00034

0,00030

0,00053

0,00042

0,00051

 

Mn

0,0925

0,1

0,0001

0,0004

0,0002

0,0096

0,0093

0,0054

0,014

0,0042

0,0052

 

Fe

0,375

0,3

0,005

0,021

0,015

0,163

0,155

0,058

0,189

0,163

0,036

 

Co

0,0075

0,1

0,00004

0,00016

0,00008

0,0018

0,00050

0,00037

0,00002

0,0010

0,00012

 

Ni

0,0075

0,02

0,00002

0,00019

0,00009

0,0055

0,0045

0,0021

0,0014

0,0024

0,0017

 

Cu

0,0875

1,0

0,00010

0,00029

0,00017

0,039

0,0025

0,029

0,143

0,028

0,0074

 

Zn

0,325

5,0

0,0034

0,0061

0,0048

0,022

0,022

0,020

0,020

0,0074

0,095

 

Sr

0,05

7,0

0,0002

0,0024

0,0011

0,024

0,024

0,019

0,027

0,019

0,033

 

Y

0,0004

-

0,00001

0,00005

0,00003

0,00002

0,00003

0,00001

0,00002

0,00004

0,000003

 

Zr

0,05

-

0,00001

0,00008

0,00005

<0,00001

<0,00001

<0,00001

0,00005

0,00026

<0,00001

 

Se

0,00375

0,01

0,0006

0,216

0,072

0,00087

0,0014

0,00011

<0,00001

<0,00001

0,0024

 

Nb

0,0065

0,01

0,00006

0,0003

0,0002

<0,00001

<0,00001

<0,00001

0,00025

<0,00001

<0,00001

 

Mo

0,00625

-

0,0032

0,0115

0,0061

0,00011

0,00005

0,00013

0,00023

0,00016

0,00007

 

Ag

0,00125

0,05

0,0006

0,0018

0,0013

<0,00001

0,00024

<0,00001

0,00057

<0,00001

<0,00001

 

Cd

0,0025

0,001

0,00001

0,00004

0,000025

<0,00001

0,00001

<0,00001

0,00002

0,00006

0,00002

 

Ba

0,02

0,7

0,00003

0,00014

0,00009

0,0069

0,0071

0,0043

0,0061

0,0040

0,0056

 

La

-

-

0,00003

0,00018

0,00008

0,00006

0,00011

0,00001

0,00002

0,00012

0,00036

 

Ce

-

-

0,00001

0,00009

0,00006

0,00006

0,00015

0,00001

0,00001

0,00017

0,00001

 

U

0,000037

0,015

0,00011

0,0010

0,00043

0,00001

0,00001

0,00002

0,00002

0,00002

0,00001

 

Cl-

100

350

1,25

2,58

2,03

18,5

18,7

4,31

5,48

3,74

6,08

 

рН

 

6,5-8,5

8,97

9,63

9,37

6,25

5,92

6,82

6,50

6,90

6,60

 

Примечание: *- значения приведены для SiО2; жирным курсивом выделены значения, превышающие ПДК, а жирным – значения, превышающие БЗК.

Note: *- values are given for SiO2; values exceeding MPC are shown in bold italics, and values exceeding BSC are shown in bold.

Рис. 1. Точки отбора питьевых вод центролизованного водоснабжения -Ленинский округ: 1- ул. Инженерная; 3 - ул. Аскольдовцев; Октябрьский округ: 2 - ул. Радищева; 5 - ул. Коммуны; Первомайский округ: 4 - ул. Копытова; г. Кола: 6 - ул. Красноармейская

Fig. 1. Points of selection of drinking water of centralized water supply - Leninsky district: 1- Engineering Street; 3 - Askoldovtsev Street; Oktyabrsky district: 2 - Radishchev Street; 5 - Commune Street; Pervomaisky district: 4 - Kopytova Street; Kola: 6 - Krasnoarmeyskaya Street

Рис. 2. Диаграмма Пайпера – М1-М6- питьевые воды центрального водоснабжения
г. Мурманска, Cn3-Cn10 – питьевые воды (подземные) водозабора «Центральный»

Fig. 2. Piper diagram – M1-M6 - drinking water of the central water supply of Murmansk, Cn3-Cn10 – drinking water (underground) of the Central water intake

Рис. 3. а - Изменение значений рН и Eh в зависимости от концентрации Cl-; Изменение значений pH и Eh в системе «вода - ЖС», Vжс 100 мл, Т +380С, P 1 бар при начальных условиях: б - pH 6,24; Eh 0,280 В, с - pH 2,02; Eh 0,044 В (вода Первомайского района)

Fig. 3. a - Change in pH and Eh values depending on the concentration of Cl-; Change in pH and Eh values in the "water - GJ" system, VGJ 100 ml, T +380C, P 1 bar under initial conditions: b - pH 6.24; Eh 0.280 V, c - pH 2.02; Eh 0.044 V (Pervomaisky district water)

Рис. 4. Изменение форм миграции элементов в системе «вода - ЖС», Vжс 100 мл, Т 380С, P 1 бар при начальных условиях pH 6,24; Eh 0,28V (a, c, e, g) и pH 2,02; Eh 0,0438V (b, d, f, h): лантана (а, d), протактиния (c, d), циркония (e, f) и урана (g, h)

Fig. 4. Changes in the forms of migration of elements in the "water - GJ " system, VGJ 100 ml, T 380C, P 1 bar under initial conditions pH 6.24; Eh 0.28 V (a, c, e, g) and pH 2.02; Eh 0.0438 v (b, d, f, h): lanthanum (a, b), protactinium (c, d), zirconium (e, f) and Uranium (g, h)

Рис. 5. Изменение состава фаз в системе «вода-ЖС- кристаллическое вещество», Vжс 100 мл, Т 38 0С, P 1 бар при начальных условиях pH 6,24; Eh 0,28V (а) и pH 2,02; Eh 0,0438V (b)

Fig.5. Phase composition change in the "water-GJ-crystalline substance" system, VGJ 100 ml, T 380C, P 1 bar at initial conditions pH 6.24; Eh 0.28 V (a) and pH 2.02; Eh 0.0438 V (b)

×

About the authors

Svetlana Drogobuzhskaya

Tananaev Institute of Chemistry – Subdivision of the Federal Research Centre, “Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences”

Author for correspondence.
Email: drogosv@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1699-7584
SPIN-code: 1207-1383
Scopus Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=55275609100
ResearcherId: https://publons.com/researcher/Q-4524-2017

кандидат химических наук, доцент,  ведущий научный сотрудник, лаборатория химических и оптических методов анализа

Russian Federation, 184209, Russia, Apatity, Akademgorodok 26 а

Svetlana Ivanovna Mazukhina

Institute of North Industrial Ecology Problems - Subdivision of the Federal Research Centre “Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences”

Email: simazukhina@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2715-4021
SPIN-code: 9034-5445
Scopus Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=6602754345
ResearcherId: https://publons.com/researcher/F-4498-2018

Dr.Sci.(geology)

Russian Federation, Akademgorodok 14 A, Apatity, Russia

Vladimir Alekseevich Masloboev

Email: v.masloboev@ksc.ru

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