Vol 26, No 10 (2019)

Human labor activity in the Arctic takes place in extreme climatic conditions, which significantly increase the indicator of integral professional risk. The aim of the research is to study working conditions and the risks of developing professional pathology among employees of enterprises in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF). Methods. The data of socio-hygienic monitoring and information on occupational morbidity in the Russian Arctic in 2007-2017 were studied. Results. It has been stated that at the workplaces of enterprises in the Russian Arctic, the most common hazardous and harmful production factors are noise, severity and intensity of the labor process, chemical factors. Most often, professional pathology is detected in workers of mining and metallurgical enterprises in the cities of Vorkuta and Norilsk, as well as in the Murmansk Region (71.1 % of cases). The maximum prevalence of occupational diseases, which is 5-30 times higher than the similar indicators in other areas of the Russian Arctic, is observed among Vorkuta miners. Due to the effects of chronic cold stress in the Russian Arctic, the work experience sufficient for the development of occupational diseases can be reduced to 5-7 years. In four regions (the Nenets and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Districts, the regions of the Russian Arctic and the Komi Republic and the Krasnoyarsk Territory) there is an upward tendency of occupational morbidity indicators, and in three (the Murmansk Region, regions of the Russian Arctic of the Arkhangelsk Region and the Republic of Sakha) - to its decrease. In the Russian Arctic, in contrast to Russia as a whole, no decrease in the incidence of occupational morbidity has been observed in the last four years. Conclusions: there is a necessity to improve the system of socio-hygienic monitoring and develop more effective methods for occupational diseases prevention when carrying out activities in the Arctic.

The aim of the work is to study the elemental status of adult non-indigenous residents of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. Methods. The elemental composition of the hair was examined in 1 211 adult non-indigenous inhabitants of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug: 348 (28.7 %) men and 863 (71.3 %) women aged 18 to 60 years. In the hairs of all examined individuals, the concentration of 25 chemical elements was determined by a combination of ICP- AES and MS-ICP methods. The results obtained were compared with reference values for the corresponding age. Results. In both groups, most of the average values of the concentration of chemical elements in the hair were in the range of physiologically optimal values. Mn concentration exceeded the upper limit in men by 1.5 times and in women by 1.7 times, Mg in women by 1.4 times and Hg in men by 1.4 times. A quarter of men and a fifth of women had Ca deficiency; in 26.4 % of men and 23.7 % of women - I. Mg excess was detected in 38.8 % of men and almost half of women; Mn excess - in half of men and 63.6 % of women. A quarter of the population of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug has I deficiency; a quarter of men and more than 40 % of women have Se deficiency. Zn excess in the hair was detected in 44.3 % of men and 34.5 % of women, and Hg in a quarter of men and 10 % of women. Conclusions. The relatively favorable picture of the elemental status of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug residents indicates the absence of serious environmental problems and reflects the high level of consumption and, probably, the availability of high quality medical services. Among women of childbearing age, the need to reduce the nutritional load of Hg should be promoted in order to reduce the risk of negative effects on fetal development during pregnancy.

The aim of the study was to identify the characteristics of heart rate variability (HRV) in patients with chronic dermatoses, citizens of the Middle Ob Region. Methods. 74 patients with chronic dermal diseases (psoriasis and eczema), as well as 37 people who were included in the control group, were examined using the method of variational pulse oximetry using the Elox-01 hardware complex and the ELOGRAPH software product. The assessment of the constituent characteristics of HRV was carried out using different approaches: methods of mathematical statistics using non-parametric tests of Wilcoxon, Shapiro-Wilk and multivariate analysis of multidimensional phase spaces, which determined the evidential base for quantitative measures and diagnostic markers (criteria) in disorders of neuro-vegetative regulation of cardiac function in patients with dermatoses. Results. Peculiarities of the heart rhythm structure were found in patients with dermal diseases: a statistically significant decrease in the LF and HF components was revealed and an imbalance was found in the regulation of the autonomic nervous system with a predominance of sympathetic imbalance in patients with dermatoses living in the Middle Ob region in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Ugra. Diagnostic indicators of the characteristics of HRV in patients with eczema and psoriasis were determined, which made it possible to distinguish a complex of signs in the differences in the autonomic regulation of heart rhythm - Total P (mc2), VLF (mc2), LF (mc2) and the integral characteristics of HRV - Baevsky stress index (INB (cu), indicators of the sympathetic and parasympathetic system (SIM, PAR, cu). Conclusions. Patients with chronic dermatoses (psoriasis, eczema) living in severe climatic conditions of the Middle Ob Region have a tendency to early development of complicated forms of the disease with detection of imbalance in the regulation of the autonomic nervous system with a predominance of parasympathetic tone. The data obtained are important diagnostic aspects of the diseases pathogenesis, contributing to the determination of the further prognosis and correction of medical treatment.